Strategies for Managing Across Borders: A Comprehensive Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of managing across borders, addressing key aspects such as negotiation stages, strategies for market expansion, factors determining the success of cross-border alliances, and the impact of organizational structures. It examines the benefits of polycentric approaches over ethnocentric ones, and the importance of democratic leadership in crisis management. The report also explores the application of Alderfer's ERG theory for employee motivation and provides strategic insights into international business operations. The report offers a detailed understanding of the challenges and opportunities that arise in a global business environment. It covers various topics which are essential for effective leadership and management in a global context.

Managing Across
Borders

Table of Contents
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
Question 1..................................................................................................................................3
Question 2..................................................................................................................................4
Question 3..................................................................................................................................5
Question 4..................................................................................................................................5
Question 5...................................................................................................................................6
Question 6..................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

TASK
Question 1
5 stages of negotiation are:
Prepare: In this stage is is necessary for manager to prepare for the discussion
and conduct research for the discussion for both the sides and find out the effective
result. After this manager needs to prepare what all things you need to discuss or
convey in the meeting. Also they need to understand what the organisation is about and
who has the decision making authority, as well as they need to prepare with which party
they are supposed to make good relations.
Exchange: In this stage both the parties presented (Banks,and et. al., 2019)in
the meeting exchange their thoughts. Both parties have the right to share their opinions,
interest their aims, at last at the time of ending the negotiation and illustrate the reason
why they are doing so.
Clarify: In this stage, the above discussion is carry on both the parties discuss
their opinions and aims and justifying the claims, in this if any party is not agree with
others opinion then they both settle the disagreement in a calm manner and make the
point understandable to the party and understand them clearly.
Bargain and problem solve: In this step both parties bargain with each other to
reach to the outcome. In this they ned to have a strong communication skills and strong
emotions to bargain and solve the problem and suggest counter offers to solve it and
come towards the conclusion by proving them right (Managing Across Borders: The
Transnational Solution, 2021).
Conclude and implement:When one side of the discussion is acceptable then,
the parties respectfully thank to each other irrespective of whatever the outcome is and
focus on maintaining a healthy and long term relationship as well as figure out the
expectation of both parties and ensuring that the outcome will be implemented
successfully and effectively and work is been carry on smoothly.

Question 2
As a manager of western fast food chain it is the prime responsibility to make
strategies regarding the expansion into new markets. In this very firstly it is necessary to
summarize the strategy in that it is necessary to create winning strategies and
simultaneously identify the target customer. Also create a buyers persona and use
different factors to determine how they can reach to new market.
After this it is necessary to forecast or make assumption about how much cost is
necessary for the expansion and then plan for arranging finance from various sources.
As a manager it is important to find out the channels to connect them with customers to
generate more profit. Their next strategy is regarding attracting more audience towards
their services and make the presence of the brand by promoting them on large scales
and for this they may take use of social media channels to promote their brand, this
can(Csernatoni,2018) lead to grow the name of the brand in the new market and it is
important while expanding the business as this focus and attract the people and it helps
the brand to reach globally. After this it is necessary to increase the sales of the
existing product by conducting giveaways, giving offers and discount so that they can
help in increasing the brand value in the market and generate sales to increase profits.
After this, they need to plan strategy to introduce their new product so as to generate
more revenue and gain more market share by providing what the customer wants and
serve them as per their demand to increase customer satisfaction and profit.
Lastly this give a path to expand their business in new market as(Wulff, 2020)
they have more revenue as well as they have a high brand value and market share as
well as target customer which helps to grow , survive and settle in the new market.

Question 3
Key factor determining success of cross border alliances are:
There are various laws company of each country abide by, Australia and Europe
has different laws for there pharmaceutical industry. There may be possibilities that if a
nation ha banned usage of certain drug in the industry that they cannot use it or sell it.
So, if they both are jointly producing any medicine for treatment then they need to follow
the guidelines of the government
of both country and take use of any substitute drug and carry on their product launch.
Following the laws and regulations can lead to success of the cross border alliance.
They should maintain a peaceful environment with less conflicting situations. Both the
countries need to respect and adopt the culture and values and they must ensure
proper flow and suitable channel of communication between them so that this can
maintain peace and prosperity and can lead to growth. (The influence of “managing
across borders” on the field of international management, 2021)
The performance of both the company matters a lot in success, so for this the
managers of both country continuously monitor their performance and motivate their
teams to perform better and focus on the producing the product and maintain a spirit so
that performance can be better and they can lead to success of cross border alliance.
Another thing could be, the countries who are producing or launching any new
product must have good trade relation between them so that there must be no disputes
in the country they do not have any external affairs and no political
(Gehrke,Claes,2017) issues this can lead to maintaining better flow in their
development of new medicine these factors are kept in consideration so as to ensure a
proper functioning, smoothness and good performance in the company and this all can
be resulted in the success of their cross border alliance.
Question 4
In this scenario there are different organisational structure followed by different
multinational companies. There are basically 4 structures and among them company
adopts only one and implement in the whole organisation they are divisional, functional,

matrix and flat. If a company is following any of this but it is not suitable for the
organisation thy can change it and adopt another one. Being a manager, I advice that
they can change their organisation structure and adopt the suitable if they are having
functional in which people in a group do similar task of a project are put together and
work together if this sort of environment is creating conflicts then they can change it and
adopt divisions structure in which the group of workers are put in a team to carry on
their work. Or else they can adopt matrix structure in which, they combine both the
above structure and lastly is flat structure in which they need to follow a level or
hierarchy for communication start with top to bottom(Han, Kim,Lee,2018) from authority
to delegating the responsibilities. There are some factors which compels the
multinational companies to need the organisational change which are:
 Interpersonal conflicts and poor flow of communication can disrupts the
functioning and efficiency of organisation leads to change in organisation
structure
 In a multi national organisation, sometimes the countries they are operating does
not follow the same pattern of working and structure this become necessary to
change the organisational structure to legally bind with those regulations of the
country.
 The adopted policy may not found suitable to the employees and they go against
the working pattern and may not fit the organisation role and purpose so this can
influence the organisation to bring change in the organisation structure.
Question 5
In this case the est alternative for ethnocentric approach is polycentric approach.
This approach refers to recruit local people from the country for the business situated
any other place but manage by some home country manager only. So that they may
already aware of their culture and this can help company to connect in better way with
their area customer, this can help to manage their working of business in better way.
The main reason to opt this type of approach is this will make the work flexible as the
hired local manager adjusted in the culture and already know about the policy of the
company, political conditions of nature, and legal laws. If the company adopts this type

of approach then they(Gimenez,Morgan,2017) will have whole human resource team of
same nation and manages the human resources efficiently and in effective manner.
This approach can be beneficial for the multi national companies as this approach is
less costly because a company is hiring from within the nation and could save money,
and also it respond effectively to the demands of the the local nation. Not just this , but
this allows company to promote the managers of the local nation so this brings
advancement at low cost. Poly centric approach is proven beneficial for the selected
manager as they get a chance to improve and grab the opportunities which can develop
their career.
If they want to go with 2 alternates they can go with they can opt for regoocentric
approach too so that they can hire the most suitable employee from different countries
but within the geographic region of the business. This is suitable for those when the
company wants to place their employees basically in the headquarters. This will also
considered beneficial for the organisation as well as managers, because they already
belongs the same region so they are fit and adjusted in the work culture an also know
the language of the host country so it makes the flow of communication easier for the
managers and it will again become easier for preventing additional expenses while
hiring the managers(Hansen,Adler-Nissen, Andersen,2021) as same regions incurred
less cost for recruitment.
So, company can adopt these 2 approaches so that colleagues and senior
managers can adopt employment policy and stop criticizing the the human resource
department and adopt this HRM policy.
Question 6
In this situation democratic leadership is the much better leadership strategies
which can be choose to decrease the chance of closure of the company. This type of
leadership strategies mainly deals with that member of the team group need to take part
in the group activities, show interest in it. They must be encouraged and included in
their decision making and meeting to give suggestion and share ideas and their opinion
and even leaders must appraise their suggestion even if it is not selected,. This can
make employees or team members more participative. This can help in resolving any
grievance fastly, and employees may engages in the process. Creative ideas given by

the employees(Möller,Halinen,2017) are awarded this boost this morale and build team
spirit and they also feel a sense of belongingness. All this can help managers and
leaders to allocate work to suitable employees and direct them towards achievement of
their common goals by providing a track to them. This can increase performance of
employees and increases the productivity. Thus, it can maximize the sales of the
organisation and can prevent from the closure of company.
To improve the situation of the business and prevent from closure they need to
adopt Alderfer's ERG Theory of motivation. This theory states that humans has 3 needs
which are existence, relatedness and growth.
Existence need describe mostly basic and psychological needs.
Relatedness need describes maintaining interpersonal relations like love
affection.
Growth need describes the personal development of human.
This theory can be used by business , to motivate their employees by focusing
on their personal development give them opportunities to grow their career. Also
provide some social interaction by make them interacting with different persons by
including them in important decision making and meeting so that they may interact with
(Robertson, Harris, Baldassar,2018)lot of people. Company can motivate they by giving
respected designation and position in the management so that this can fulfil their
esteem needs and give them sufficient and fair amount that can achieve their existence
factor so that their basic need can also be fulfilled . Employee work in organisation with
a motive to(Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution,2021)fulfil their
needs demand and basic requirement so company can target these needs and motivate
them to perform well so as to do their task in efficient way so that they can meet with
their demands using this motivation theory can make employee feel motivated and this
can boost their performance and generate more sales and help company to prevent
from its closure.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Banks, G.C.,and et. al., 2019. Strategic recruitment across borders: An investigation of
multinational enterprises. Journal of Management. 45(2). pp.476-509.
Csernatoni, R., 2018. Constructing the EU’s high-tech borders: FRONTEX and dual-use drones
for border management. European Security. 27(2). pp.175-200.
Gehrke, B. and Claes, M.T., 2017. Leadership and global understanding. In Leadership
today (pp. 371-385). Springer, Cham.
Gimenez, J. and Morgan, W.J., 2017. Academics across borders: narratives of linguistic capital,
language competence and communication strategies. Globalisation, Societies and
Education. 15(1). pp.68-95.
Han, B., Kim, M. and Lee, J., 2018. Exploring consumer attitudes and purchasing intentions of
cross-border online shopping in Korea. Journal of Korea Trade.
Hansen, L., Adler-Nissen, R. and Andersen, K.E., 2021. The visual international politics of the
European refugee crisis: Tragedy, humanitarianism, borders. Cooperation and Conflict,
p.0010836721989363.
Möller, K. and Halinen, A., 2017. Managing business and innovation networks—From strategic
nets to business fields and ecosystems. Industrial Marketing Management, 67, pp.5-22.
Paul, R., 2017. Welfare without borders: unpacking the bases of transnational social protection
for international migrants. Oxford Development Studies.. 45(1). pp.33-46.
Robertson, S., Harris, A. and Baldassar, L., 2018. Mobile transitions: A conceptual framework
for researching a generation on the move. Journal of Youth Studies. 21(2). pp.203-217.
Wulff, H., 2020. Ballet across borders: Career and culture in the world of dancers. Routledge.
Online
Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. 2021. [Online]. Available through<
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200465438_Managing_Across_Borders_The_
Transnational_Solution>
The influence of “managing across borders” on the field of international management. 2021.
[Online]. Available through <
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747792902140315>
Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. 2021. [Online]. Available through <
https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amr.1991.4279037>