MANAGING HUMAN CAPITAL AND LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW

MANAGING HUMAN CAPITAL AND LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW1 TASK 11 Approaches of company to the management of human resource along with relevant model1 TASK 23 Critical analysis of selection and recruitment in link to strategic human resources initiatives 3 TASK 35 Discuss different Approaches to HRD and their area for improvement 5 TASK 47 Classical theories of motivation 7 TASK 59 Recommendation to the business discuss the characteristics of effective leaders 9 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 11 ABS

MANAGING HUMAN
CAPITAL AND
LEADERSHIP

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Approaches of company to the management of human resource along with relevant model 1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
Critical analysis of selection and recruitment in link to strategic human resources initiatives3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
Discuss different Approaches to HRD and their area for improvement................................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
Classical theories of motivation.............................................................................................7
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................9
Recommendation to the business discuss the characteristics of effective leaders ................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

ABSTRACT
This assignment has made a discussion upon managing human capital and leadership
within an association along with role of HR in the same. In an organisation managers conduct
various activities for hiring best candidates in workplace by using different recruitment and
selection procedures. They formulate various strategies and policies in order to maintain working
environment and get proper work of employees. Therefore, in this assistance various models and
approaches have been applied by HR manager of T.J. Morris Ltd. in order to bring ethical culture
in workplace. These approaches are used to gain long term goals and objectives in a given period
of time. In addition to this, they adopt motivational theories and leadership models also for
providing proper guidance to workers and influence them towards goals of business.

INTRODUCTION
Human capital is the main asset of a company who contributes their whole efforts in
operating business activities. Due to hard work, commitment and full support of them, employers
of enterprise are gained high success in a given period of time. So, it is necessary for managers to
provide them healthy and safe working environment along with proper training so that they can
work in efficient manner (Alpkan and et. al., 2010). To manage proper work of employees,
leaders and managers are needed to adopt various approaches as well as style of leadership.
With this context, a report has been prepared on T.J. Morris Ltd. It is a retail firm of UK
whose product are based on home bargains. This assignment has made a discussion upon how
HR manages employees in its organisation by applying various approaches. Along with this, it
has also discussed about some major theories of motivation, characteristics of a leader and
measures of improvement.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This project has classified into five major tasks which describes the ways of HR manager
used to manage employees in a clear and precise manner. It has also discussed about leadership
approaches along with motivational techniques used in encouraging workers so that they can
perform in a better way.
TASK 1
Approaches of company to the management of human resource along with relevant model
According to..., human resource management of an organisation is the main component
which intakes various operations like job analysis, planning workforce, managing employment
and more. All are these activities are fallen into three main categories i.e. staffing, compensation
and designing business structure. In this department HR managers play an important role in
conducting all these operations in a proper manner. They develop various policies and strategies
to perform activities like employing people, provide training to them and more. Therefore, HRM
is essential part of all type of associations associating in any type of industry. In context with
T.J. Morris Ltd., is dealing in retailing sector. It serves commodities like food, beverages, beauty
products, toys, clothing, domestic goods and more (Andrews and Boyne, 2010). It has almost
400 stores in UK where near about 17,000 employees are currently working. This firm was
founded by Tom Morris in Liverpool as Home and Bargain. As per statistical point of view, it
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has ranked on 6th position in other retailers of UK in terms of offering discounts. Therefore,
providing 4000 branded products on reasonable rates and offers, this firm has got success in
making long term relationship with three million customers. In addition to this, it has made a
record breaking turnover i.e. of more than £1 billion. It has provided a high quality of its branded
products and provide effective services to customers in an efficient manner. This firm has used
various distributing channels to connect with customers and aware them about new offers in an
impressive way.
Due to increase in competition, many competitors of T.J. Morris Ltd. like TESCO,
ASDA, M&S and more used various techniques to snatch position of this company and gain
attraction of customers. Therefore, in this assistance, HR managers are needed to revitalise
policies and strategies in order to gain sustainability of business in marketplace and give tough
competition to rivals (Models of Human resource strategies.2018). They can apply following
models and approaches within organisation so that goals and objectives of this company can be
achieved:-
Models and Approaches :
Currently, the primary goal of T.J. Morris Ltd. is to provide high customer satisfaction
and their retention with products for a longer period of time. To achieve this objective, it has
given entire responsibilities to HR managers for designing the complete structure. They are
required to design proper workplace, introduce perfect candidates in its various stores who have
abilities to provide better services to clients (Coff and Kryscynski, 2011). Therefore, for
fulfilment of this requirement managers have used various HR policies and model which suits
best for the same. All these processes are useful in gaining proper work from employees as well
as improve their performance in workplace.
In T.J. Morris Ltd. managers used three types of HR model for conductive operational
activities of business in following manner:-
CONTROLLED BASED MODEL – This model seems to be very useful in achieving
the highest growth of business. Through this model, HR managers of T.J. Morris Ltd. take entire
responsibilities to implement changes within organisation. But bringing modification in business
structure brings various issues based on technical and individual issues. So, to resolve all issues
and control whole working organisation, managers are required to influence workers in a proper
way (Birasnav, 2014). They should provide them proper working environment, training and
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development programs etc. so that employees become able to work in proper manner. In addition
to this, for controlling operations, employers should organise conferences with employees and
discuss with them about what changes are bringing and how to work on the same. They must
give proper guidance and specific direction to people at workplace so that work or them can be
done in right manner.
RESOURCE BASED MODEL- In this approach, employees are considered as most
important resource of enterprise. Therefore, it is responsibility of managers to provide them all
necessary facilities as per requirement of task so that they can work in a systematic manner. With
this assistance, it is necessary for them to track performance of each member in workplace in
order to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of them (Caza and et. al., 2010). After measuring the
same, superiors are required to give them proper training so that they can cope up with
weaknesses and strengthen their abilities. This would help employers to get proper work of
employees. Further, HR managers should keep an eye on other tangible and intangible resources.
In this manner finance, technology, human capital and other are considered as tangible resource
while company's brand image, reputation, sustainability etc. as intangible. So, to manage all of
them is a big responsibility of managers of T.J. Morris Ltd. Therefore, this theory helps
employers in giving proper guidance to manage and utilise all the resources in a proper way, as it
is based on reward-exchange effort method.
INTERGRATED MODEL- This model has been considered as a combination of
resource and controlled based models. The main objective of integrated model is to make a
proper discussion about dimensions of strategies build by HR of a company that are- 'Acquisition
and Development' and 'Locus of control'. In this manner, first factor implies how managers
develop skills and knowledge of employees in a particular field so that they can work as per
business requirement (Birasnav, M., Rangnekar and Dalpati, 2011). While second one tells about
the extent to which strategies of HR are used in keeping an eye on performance of each.
TASK 2
Critical analysis of selection and recruitment in link to strategic human resources initiatives
With rapid development of technology, it is necessary for a company to create
modification in working system. It will help in gaining sustainability at marketplace as well as be
in competition for a firm. Therefore, to gain this success it is necessary for an organisation like
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T.J. Morris Ltd. to hire high skilled employees in workers who have gained knowledge as per
business requirement (Buller and McEvoy, 2012). In this assistance, HR managers play an
important role in introducing best candidates within association. There are various methods are
available in recruitment and selection procedure through which managers can fulfil the vacancy
of enterprise in a proper manner. It includes the procedure of internal and external source in
which process of hiring a candidate within workplace through job transfer or promotional
activity is consider as formal method. While recruiting applicants from outer environment
through online, placement and other method are considered as external source of recruitment.
Further after getting a list of applicants through both sources, it is responsibility of managers to
select the best among them by using different techniques of selection procedure.
Both external and internal source of recruitment are considered as equally important in an
association. Therefore, in context with T.J. Morris Ltd., HR managers use both techniques as per
requirement of job within organisation. Since this company is used to create changes on regular
basis in business structure, so managers mostly use to recruit candidate from external
environment. In this method, they used to approach online agencies of recruitment of UK like
Talent Plus, naukri.com and more. Through these approaches, they get a list of various
candidates for choosing the best on a specific position. Further, they used to take interview of
selected candidates in order to judge sharpness of their minds, skills and abilities. All these
process help in introducing high skilled workers at workplace through which activities of
organisation can be done in proper manner (Burgoyne, 2012). In T.J. Morris entire process of
recruitment and selection procedure related to strategic HR initiatives can be described as
follows:-
Listing Jobs on authenticated Websites: It is considered as an initial phase of
recruitment when done through online process. In this method, companies are required to register
their website on online job portals like Naukri.com, Linked In and indeed.com etc.
Posting jobs online: In this process, organisations are needed to give details on job
portals about vacancies they have. It includes job description, personal specifications and more.
Through this, various consultancies approaches them to provide required candidates in
workplace. It would help in saving time and cost for hiring candidates by recruiting candidates
through consultancies.
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Using LinkedIn: Managers of T.J. Morris also use other methods of recruitment. They
have selected Linked In application for posting their vacant position. In UK, it is considered as
highly used job website which is properly registered and authenticated as well so that chances of
frauds is as compared with others is less. Therefore, after posting the job on this site, interested
candidates can submit for specific position and submit resumes in given period of interval.
Therefore, getting proper list of applicants is helpful in introducing best employees in workplace.
Social recruiting: This method is also helpful in hiring an applicant. Currently this
method is widely used by many organisations of UK for the same. In this context, managers use
to advertise job vacancies on social sites like Twitter, Facebook and more. It will help in making
good connection with external environment of a firm so that better candidates can be introduced.
Recommendation:
Provide training and development program: After hiring new employees in working
environment, it is amendable for managers of T.J. Morris Ltd. to provide essential training
programmes to them. It would help them in becoming familiar with new atmosphere of office as
well as understanding roles and responsibilities in a proper manner.
Employee Motivation: Sometime after getting proper training and learning program,
employees still get fear and unable to adjust in new working environment. So, it is prime duty of
employers of a firm to motivate them by understanding their needs so that they can work with
full efficiencies.
TASK 3
Discuss different Approaches to HRD and their area for improvement
Human resource department is considered as main working division of an association. In
this department, managers and associated workers perform various activities in order to provide
perfect manpower at workplace along with provide various benefits to them. It includes staffing,
planning, organising, reward and compensation etc. In addition to this, they provide various
training and development program to workers on regular period of interval especially when
changes are done in working system. It would help them to get opportunity to reduce weaknesses
and gain new skills in a particular field. Through this manner, they can make their career bright
and become able to face difficult situation in an easy manner.
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Along with managing workforce, HR managers of T.J. Morris Ltd. use various
approaches for development of human-resource and utilise them in proper way. Some
approaches in this regard are given below which may help workers in accomplishing a difficult
task in a short period of interval. In addition to this, present company make a huge investment
for providing benefits and compensation to its workforce so that they can work with full
commitment.
STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE FRAMEWORK APPROACH- In this
approach, managers are used to formulate various strategies as per objective of business and
implement the same into workplace in a proper manner. These strategies and policies are used to
improve performance of organisation as well as improve capabilities of employees. Therefore,
This framework has considered as the best approach and propounded by Ulrich and Lake. The
main aim behind this approach of strategic HRD is to increase productivity and profitability of
business of T.J. Morris Ltd.
INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK – Concept of this approach has considered as same
with procedure of Strategic HRM framework. It is also concern on introducing effective HRD
practices which help in improving performance of business as well. Therefore, for this process, it
includes three phases that are improving capabilities of enterprise, bringing satisfaction level of
employees and shaping needs of them on individual basis.
HUMAN CAPITAL APPRAISAL APPROACH – This approach was propounded by
Friendman in 1998 which concern more on provide efficiencies and benefits to people associated
with an enterprise. As it consider them as most valuable assets of a company (Luthans and et. al.,
2010). This approach of HRD gives five stages for giving benefits to employees as Clarification,
Assessment, Design, Implementation and Monitoring. All these processes, help managers of T.J.
Morris to provide high satisfaction to workers as well as gain their retention for longer period of
time. Through his retention of high talented workforce, this firm can give tough competition to
rivals present at same marketplace of UK.
PCMM APPROACH – This theory stands for People Capability Maturity Model and
especially used by those companies who are dealing in technical and software business. Since
business of T.J. Morris deals in retail industry therefore, most part of work is done on software
applications like recording data and accounts of its various stores in a proper way. So, it is
necessary for this firm to retain employees as long as possible.
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TASK 4
Classical theories of motivation
In order to compete with competitors like TESCO, H&M, M&S and more, it is necessary
for T.K. Morris Ltd. to bring changes in working environment (Ling and Jaw, 2011). It assist
management to include diverse culture in workplace who have possessed high skills and
knowledge in same field. Along with this, managers are required to bring modifications in
existing techniques so that better outcomes can be obtained. But bringing alterations, effect
mostly employees in a firm. As they have to work on new system which sometime generate
insecurities in them. Workers feel unable to adjust in new working system and start switch on
from their job or create resistance to accept the same. So, it is necessary for managers to
motivate them in a proper way and brings morale up. With this assistance, employers of T.K.
Morris Ltd. organise various motivational programs to encourage employees and convince them
to accept changes. It would help in achievement of goals and objectives of new project in a given
period of time.
Some theories of motivation are:- Theory X and Theory Y - This theory has formulated by Douglas McGregor in 1950 and
based on bringing motivational level of workplace (Jiang and et. al., 2012). It has divided
human behaviour into two criteria i.e. Theory X and Theory Y for organisational
development on the basis on negative and positive respectively. In this manner, when
resistivity of employees are raised and they are forced by employers to work as per
requirement of business then it will come in the category of X. While in context with
theory of Y, workers are playing in positive manner and accept changes accordingly. So,
in this regard complexity is arise when managers are needed to categorise all workers in
these aspects. It would help in deciding level of motivation to be given by employers of
T.J. Morris Ltd. so that all workers can work in desired manner. Maslow's theory of Need – This theory of motivation has formulated by Abraham
Maslow in 1943. It is considered as the most important theory which divides needs of
human in an organisation into five major categories that are Psychological, Safety,
Social, Self Esteem needs and actualisation. In context with T.J. Morris Ltd., its HR
managers are required to fulfil all these needs of workers by giving appropriate salary as
per job position, healthy and safe working environment, training and development
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programmes etc. All these facilities help in generating feeling of security in them through
which they can work in appropriate manner. Hertzberg's Two-Factor Theory- It has developed by a famous psychologist Frederick
Herzberg in the year 1950. This theory was based on 2 factors which are used on
employee motivation and satisfaction as Motivation and Hygiene factors (Gutiérrez,
Hilborn and Defeo, 2011). As per motivation factor, managers are used to motivate
employees when they work in appreciate manner and give full support in accomplishment
of major task of a company. Employees in this category work with enjoyment. While in
hygiene factor theory, employers are treated workers equally and offer them various
compensation in order to prevent them from dissatisfaction. In addition to get support of
such employees, managers pay more attention on their needs and fulfil the same on time. Hawthorne Effect – Mr. Henry A. Landsberger has developed this theory of motivation
in 1950. Accordingly to him, in order to bring efficiencies in work of employees,
employers are needed to monitor performance of each on individual basis (Guest, 2011).
Further, after tracking role of each in accomplishment of a common task, it is necessary
for HR managers to include performance appraisal system within organisation. In this
assistance, they should provide workers compensation, extra salary, holiday packages and
more. It would help in encouraging workers to work more hard so that projects of
company can be accomplished on time. In addition to this, theory of Hawthorne Effect
includes six main aspects of motivation that are Psychological contract, communication,
socialise, group activity, recognition and interest of employees.
Proposing Hybrid Theory for NANDOS:
Since there are various theories of motivation available which brings complexity in minds
of HR managers to understand concept of each and choose the best which suit as per need of
employees (Gates and Langevin, 2010). Therefore, to reduce this complexity and stimulate
workplace condition, a combined effect of all theories help in motivating each employee on
individual basis in order to get them to work well. As T.J. Morris Ltd. has large working
organisation therefore, to influence all people towards achievement of business objectives,
Hybrid theory is considered as best.
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TASK 5
Recommendation to the business discuss the characteristics of effective leaders
It is required for each organization to have viable and proficient pioneers with the goal
that they can prepare and manage the workers so they can perform in their best way . The
pioneers are required to be exceptionally talented and knowledgable on the grounds that then just
they will have the capacity to control the representatives in best way. In the event that an
association is effective in advertise then the primary purpose for it can be authority (Model of
Leadership. 2017). In this way, T.J. Morris Ltd. is likewise required to have a decent and
productive pioneer who are having great gauge and information which can be utilized by them to
prepare the staff individuals. There are a few qualities that a pioneer must forces, they are: Open and Reachable: A leader shall be open to various issues that an individual faces in
his or her professional as well as personal life to some extent. This will give employees
and workers a sense of belonging and enable them to perform even better for the
organisation going forward. Visionary: A leader shall think of future and should live in present. This will allow him
to make necessary innovation and changes within business and its process. A visionary
person will take business forward by innovating and thinking about future on a
continuous basis (Dimov, 2010). If a leader would be having a visionary mindset, it will
allow not only company but also people within to work for an innovative motive that will
enahnce the overall business growth.
 Motivational: If the representative is sufficiently inspired then they will comprehend
their duties in the organization and will carry on and execute according to that as it were.
On the off chance that organization's needs to accomplish the objectives and targets of
organization then they should actualize great motivational hypotheses inside the
organization with the goal that the representatives feel supported and propelled and builds
the profitability of organization also.
Various Models of Leadership
There are a few models of administration that are connected in different associations in
order to accomplish their objectives and goals in an effective as well as efficient manner. T.J.
Morris Ltd. can likewise actualize different models of administration in their association to
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inspire the representatives and guide them in more compelling way (Dalakoura, 2010). These
models are as follows:
Situational leadership Model: According to this model, it is said that there is no specific
leadership model which is defined for a leader. A leader has to act on the basis of situations that
arises and on the basis of circumstances. This is basic for each pioneer to ensure that they are
adjusting a decent initiative style for the organization with the goal that the organization leaves
the circumstance in a triumphant way.
Contingency Leadership Model: According to this model, it is being said that there is no
most ideal approach to make practical insight and increment coordination inside the organization
(Nyberg, and et. al., 2014). Here, directors and pioneers are required to utilize their prudence to
illuminate the troublesome circumstances displayed within the organization.
CONCLUSION
From this project, it has clarified that managing human capital and leadership is an
important task in a firm. By conducting this activity in a proper manner, an association gains
high achievement of business and obtain better outcomes. Therefore, HR managers under this
conduct various activities and formulate strategies to improve performance of workplace. It
includes designing workplace, providing benefits to employees and more by using different
approaches of leadership.
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REFERENCES
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Online
Model of Leadership. 2017 [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.leadership-central.com/leadership-theories.html>.
Models of Human resource strategies.2018.[Online]. Available through:<http://www.otaru-
uc.ac.jp/~js/downloads/SP2005-PDF/SP2005-Chapter2SHRM.pdf>
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