Managing Information Systems and Ethics

This report delves into the critical aspect of managing information systems while ensuring ethical practices are upheld. It highlights the significance of integrating data, conducting surveys with prior concern for populations, regulating expenses and manpower, and handling data securely to prevent risks and issues.

Managing Information System

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
QUESTION 1..................................................................................................................................1
Describing how data and information could be managed across departments of manufacturing
organisation..................................................................................................................................1
QUESTION 2..................................................................................................................................3
How would data integrity could be maintained at times?............................................................3
Why is it important from legal perspective?................................................................................5
QUESTION 3..................................................................................................................................5
Why is it critical to have ethical perspective on data collection and handling?..........................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERNCES...................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
It is very much important for the firm and business that they are gathering, storing and
sharing information or data so that they could be forming decision regarding finance or other
things. So for organisations it would be looked up for greater managing information systems of
companies in storing and transmitting data. In this current report the discussion would be made
as per manufacturing organisation like that of Rio Tinto which is metal manufacturing firm. In
this it would be included how data could be managed into departments of this firm and how this
data storage is important from legal perspective. At the end discussion would be made on why
data handling and its collection is important on legal perspective.
QUESTION 1
Describing how data and information could be managed across departments of manufacturing
organisation.
Managing information system (MIS) is that process all the data which is collected on
financial information and then storing that into form of computer in that way that it is tend to
produce regularise report on all operations of firm. So in this way company would be able to
solve their issues related storing and transmitting information in easy and simple manner. MIS
would also be giving performance review or feedbacks on managers so that they could be able to
monitor company as whole. All the data would be stored and shared in this MIS including what
are actual data and then the planned one for each year receiving these information from various
units of company (Management Information Systems (MIS), 2018). The departments like that of
finance, manufacturing, selling all of them are having their own data and information that needs
to be stored and distributed among various parts of company especially that of higher level of
management.
Manufacturing company needs to deal with all type of data so they could big data which
is the best form of data integrating and transmitting as well. It is required as the company that
they are telling or instructing departments like that of finance, manufacturing, marketing and HR
that all relevant information should be collected and then those should be transmitted to
management (Dreyfuss and Giat, 2018). After this sharing of data across the company this would
be helping in decision making process especially in manufacturing firm like that of Rio Tinto. As
this industry is undergoing many major changes and transformation as they also entered into
fourth phase of Industrial Revolution led by Data Tipping point.
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In finance department-
As this section of company is formed in order to look up for all type of need of capital
across company like forming balance sheet, budgets, income and loss statements are the part of
working of finance department. So this becomes important that accountants are gathering their
piece of information of data from whole company in order to calculate true situation or market
condition of firm. In this way this department should be having their own expert in Big Data
analysis who could be collecting, forming and sharing all type of data of company (Laudon and
Laudon, 2011). They are to gather information about marketing, manufacturing and HR
department so that it becomes easy for them to associate what risk or profits are associated with
team of each one.
In manufacturing department-
This part of company is dealing with making and manufacturing of goods and
commodities which would be further packaged, transported, marketed and sold in order to get
profits or money out of that. So the manufacturing information system is that part which is
assisting firms like that of Rio Tinto in producing or making artificial intelligence and this is not
be taken from traditional methods. In this Arena PLM is enabling manufacturing department so
that their supply chain could be made larger, billing could be easy, there is balance in control but
on the same time reporting could be limited only.
In marketing department-
This department tends to ensure that all goods and services which are produced by
company are sold and in return to which they are having profits over cost. Marketing department
is also that one section that could be having link and connection with all other subsections of
company. So they need to calculate demand, supply and latest trends within industry and among
customers in forecasting sales and profit for firm. there are many marketing information systems
(MKIS) which would be supporting in business decision making collecting data and figures and
then analysing it in own particular sense (Initiative, 2011). The information is gathered from both
internal and external sources so that this could be transmitted in relevant form and analysed as
well.
In Human Resources department-
The department would be collecting data related to all employees who are working like
that of their salary, bonus, leave, punch in and out timing. So there is build up HRM system that
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is a software help in collecting and processing information so that working of management could
be little bit eased up. All the data of HR team is stored in this system which is thus helping in
merging those information and processing it in simple and easy formation. In overall terms this
would be better than traditional methods of storing employee information and then helping them
in making decision regarding employees like that of giving them bonus or compensation.
So data from all these departments could be analysed, processed, collected and
transmitted to higher authority so that they would be making decision in regard to company and
employee both (Sittig and Zuckerberg, 2010). The managing task is most important in these all
department that they are following the data privacy and regulatory process which is easing off all
compliance for company and departments as well. Integrating of all data is also important task
which is making sections of company to work upon that so that they are following levels and
rules related to data maintenance and security as well.
QUESTION 2
How would data integrity could be maintained at times?
Data integrity is that part which helps company in assuring consistency and accuracy for
the entire life cycle in order to design, execute and store the collected data. This would be
analysing that data should be collected in correct and true sense like that data is not been rejected
and then originally recording data in precise sense. There are two types of data integrity like that
of physical dealing with issues that are linked to storing and becoming data and logical which is
concerned with rationality of data so that it could be in particular context. This is different from
data security as that is linked to protection of all collected and stored data form various
unauthorised parties. This integrity of data should be maintained at all times so that company like
that of manufacturing one is getting over their information and collected data. This could also be
used in big data analytics which is helping in decision making at the stage of modernisation of
data. So in maintaining that collected and stored data it would be important to ensure that
information should be not found left out without any authorised person.
In this way out they could be ensuring File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) that is helping in
successfully safeguarding that data could only be viewed and changed by authorised person. As
the data must be containing financial and personal data related to company and employees so
these are automatically sensitive data (Pohl, 2010). In maintenance of data company would be
following given strategies so that they are having data integrity as well:
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Data cleaning and maintenance-
This strategy or approach must be following certain requirements like that of helping in
detecting and thus eradicating all mistakes and discrepancies, supporting system in maintaining
data integrity and then combination of that data into company so that projects would be cleaned
up by delegating task. Due to several quality issues it was recorded that every year more than
$600 billion is been wasted as reported in The Data Warehouse Institute (TDWI) in USA
business. With the help of data cleaning and maintenance plan companies would be easily
making strategies so that integrity of data is been maintained. Within this tool which is used is
called to as Data Integrity gateway (DIG) which is centralising the data after collecting this from
various departments of company.
Data validation rules-
Human errors are very much common into all system even if company is taking the data
integrity and security very strictly. As there would be some data which is stored in form of
manual data entry thus causing room or chance of errors which would be many a times
uncontrollable (Arvidsson, Holmström and Lyytinen, 2014). So if company is using this data
validation rules that could administrate in ensuring data integrity in way of controlling and
protecting the values and entry into systems. This is also indulging into extra security and
controlling of data so that accidents could be altered so that data could be validated in accurate
forms of analytics.
Data entry training and accountability-
It is important that company is engaging in training and development of employees so
that they are knowing why and how data could be integrated. This starts with manual data entry
errors and then training them in how to business decision could made if there is a properly
trained employee into company (Galliers and Leidner, 2014). It is very important that company
is undertaking the training and employees are taking themselves accountable for work done by
them. There are various steps to be taken into consideration:
 Training and development should be taken in very active process so that they could be
able to respond more at the time of operational need.
 This must be easy to understand all documents along with procedure are available in
orientation to do.
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Why is it important from legal perspective?
This is very important in terms of legal perspective which is undertaking that all data that
needs to be included should be correct in all respect. Like if company is reporting the data to its
shareholders or other then that must be fulfilling legal requirements. the data which is contained
in big data analytis should be legally correct, true and fair.
QUESTION 3
Why is it critical to have ethical perspective on data collection and handling?
It is very much important that company is following all in data collection and handling
process to fulfil ethical perspective is also critical. In the terms of collecting all relevant data the
ethical terms could be related to expenses, time and energy in part of completing surveillance in
forms. At the time when data is been collected then it would be complied, analysed and then
administered then the survey would be taken so that expenses that are incurred. The survey
which is to be conducted must be done only after taking full and prior concern of population that
are included within this (Somuyiwa and Adewoye, 2010). In the execution and controlling part
of all activities so that expenses, money and manpower are all regulated so that there are no
wastage. All the people who are engaged into collection of data so this is very much important
part and minimum risk should be ensured on the hand of researcher who is taking part in this
ethical review part.
They must also be done in ethical perspective so that data is handled in correct way there
are no security or safety issues which are occurring at any part of time. In this part ethical form
also need to be filled up so if in future any issues are faced so they would be handled and tackled
in correct sense.
CONCLUSION
In this report it was analysed that how data is integrated and formed so that there are no
issues in sense of managing that information systems. All sort of data and information is very
much important to be taken in full consideration in ethical review form.
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REFERNCES
Books and Journals:
Arvidsson, V., Holmström, J. and Lyytinen, K., 2014. Information systems use as strategy
practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and
use. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 23(1), pp.45-61.
Dreyfuss, M. and Giat, Y., 2018. A Risk Management Model for an Academic Institution's
Information System. Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ), 31(1), pp.83-96.
Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014. Strategic information management: challenges and
strategies in managing information systems. Routledge.
Initiative, N.J.T.F.T., 2011. Managing Information Security Risk: Organization, Mission, and
Information System View. NIST Special Publication, pp.800-39.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2011. Essentials of management information systems. Upper
Saddle River: Pearson.
Pohl, K., 2010. Requirements engineering: fundamentals, principles, and techniques. Springer
Publishing Company, Incorporated.
Sittig, A. and Zuckerberg, M., Facebook Inc, 2010. Managing information about relationships in
a social network via a social timeline. U.S. Patent 7,725,492.
Somuyiwa, A.O. and Adewoye, J.O., 2010. Managing logistics information system: Theoretical
underpinning. Asian Journal of Business Management, 2(2), pp.41-47.
Online:
Management Information Systems (MIS). 2018. [Online]. Accessed through: <
https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/management-information-systems-mis.html >.
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