Managing People: Analysis of Amazon's HRM Practices
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This report analyzes Amazon's human resource management practices and identifies the issues faced by the management due to such HRM and leadership activities in the business environment. It also provides recommendations to help the management of Amazon improve their position in the international environment and grow successfully.
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Managing People 1
Executive Summary
The purpose of this paper is analyse the case of the company Amazon related to human resource
management. The company Amazon initiates its business activities in the target market using
strict human resource management practices in the environment. These activities of the
organization reduces the competence of the business and makes it difficult for the employees to
survive in the market. Resulting in which, the below mentioned report highlight positive details
about the distinctive HRM activities of the company along with the issues faced by the
management due to such HRM and leadership activities in the business environment. Discussion
of proposed strategies is conducted in the environment to help the management of Amazon
improve their position in the international environment and grow successfully. Lastly, conclusion
and key learning provide facts about the report and learning taken from it.
Executive Summary
The purpose of this paper is analyse the case of the company Amazon related to human resource
management. The company Amazon initiates its business activities in the target market using
strict human resource management practices in the environment. These activities of the
organization reduces the competence of the business and makes it difficult for the employees to
survive in the market. Resulting in which, the below mentioned report highlight positive details
about the distinctive HRM activities of the company along with the issues faced by the
management due to such HRM and leadership activities in the business environment. Discussion
of proposed strategies is conducted in the environment to help the management of Amazon
improve their position in the international environment and grow successfully. Lastly, conclusion
and key learning provide facts about the report and learning taken from it.
Managing People 2
Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Background......................................................................................................................................2
Amazon's distinctive management approach...................................................................................2
Identification of Issues and Problems..............................................................................................3
Discussion........................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion & Key Learnings..........................................................................................................7
Reference List..................................................................................................................................8
Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Background......................................................................................................................................2
Amazon's distinctive management approach...................................................................................2
Identification of Issues and Problems..............................................................................................3
Discussion........................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion & Key Learnings..........................................................................................................7
Reference List..................................................................................................................................8
Managing People 3
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to enlighten the reader regarding the case study analysis of the
company Amazon. The company is facing several challenges in the business environment due to
several issues present with the internal business environment of the company. The below
mentioned report details about the analysis of the case given along with the identification of the
issues and problems connected with the growth of the company Amazon. Further, discussion is
conducted to evaluate solution for the growth of the business and elimination of issues present
with them. The given case of the company Amazon evaluates the human resource management
issues faced by them in the business. The organization works with a differential mind-set that
helps them to identify their position in the market but also increases the level strictness in the
organization that increases the employee’s turnover rate of the company (Al Horr, et. al., 2016).
Three topics of human resource management are discussed in the below mentioned report that
are value and attitude, managing behaviour and managerial communication. More details about
the report is mentioned below:
Background
The article Inside Amazon: Wrestling Big Ideas in a Bruising Workplace elaborates the human
resource management activities performed by the top level management of the company with an
aim to achieve competitive advantage in the target market. There were 14 rules described by the
leaders of the company to their subordinates relating to the insights of the activities present in the
company. These 14 rules acted as a guideline for the employees of the company that helps them
in analysing the work they should perform if they need to stay with the organization. Jeff Bezos
is the founder as well as director of the company who works with different parameters than
others so as to attain competitive advantage for Amazon (Brown 2018). Further, the 14 major
guidelines are, customer obsession, ownership, invent and just simplify, is the right a lot, learn
and be curious, hire and develop the best, insist on highest standards, think big, bias for actions,
frugality, earn trust, dive deep, have backbone and deliver results. Further, it should be noted that
the company is believed to be peculiar and hardworking but such instances of the business have
started to suffocate the interest of the employees in the organization. Unreasonable strictness,
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to enlighten the reader regarding the case study analysis of the
company Amazon. The company is facing several challenges in the business environment due to
several issues present with the internal business environment of the company. The below
mentioned report details about the analysis of the case given along with the identification of the
issues and problems connected with the growth of the company Amazon. Further, discussion is
conducted to evaluate solution for the growth of the business and elimination of issues present
with them. The given case of the company Amazon evaluates the human resource management
issues faced by them in the business. The organization works with a differential mind-set that
helps them to identify their position in the market but also increases the level strictness in the
organization that increases the employee’s turnover rate of the company (Al Horr, et. al., 2016).
Three topics of human resource management are discussed in the below mentioned report that
are value and attitude, managing behaviour and managerial communication. More details about
the report is mentioned below:
Background
The article Inside Amazon: Wrestling Big Ideas in a Bruising Workplace elaborates the human
resource management activities performed by the top level management of the company with an
aim to achieve competitive advantage in the target market. There were 14 rules described by the
leaders of the company to their subordinates relating to the insights of the activities present in the
company. These 14 rules acted as a guideline for the employees of the company that helps them
in analysing the work they should perform if they need to stay with the organization. Jeff Bezos
is the founder as well as director of the company who works with different parameters than
others so as to attain competitive advantage for Amazon (Brown 2018). Further, the 14 major
guidelines are, customer obsession, ownership, invent and just simplify, is the right a lot, learn
and be curious, hire and develop the best, insist on highest standards, think big, bias for actions,
frugality, earn trust, dive deep, have backbone and deliver results. Further, it should be noted that
the company is believed to be peculiar and hardworking but such instances of the business have
started to suffocate the interest of the employees in the organization. Unreasonable strictness,
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Managing People 4
regulations and competition have made it difficult for the employees to stay in the organization
for a longer period of time (Choi, Li, and O’Rourke 2016). The ever expanding ambitions of the
top of level of management of the company has started to increase the pressure on the employees
due to which they have started leaving the company. It is believed without a doubt that such
leadership activities of the company help the management to achieve desired success in market
but they also bring high degree of strictness and pressure for implementing innovation in the
business. However, while putting pressure on the employees, the company has also found ways
to retain the interest of their people in the environment. High bonuses are provided to the
employees at the end of the year so that they do not leave the organization. Thus, in this way, it
should be noted that the business process and the human resource management activities of the
company are extremely complicated (Roth, and Mirchandani 2016).
Amazon's distinctive management approach
Talking about distinctive management approach used by the company to attain success in the
environment, it should be noted that this approach is extremely complicated and cannot be
imitated by any other organization in the market. Lack of imitation increases the level of
competitiveness in the industry because no organization can copy the managerial approach of
Amazon to achieve success in the market. Thus, it should be noted that in this way, distinctive
managerial approach of the company helps the business in attain sustainable competitive
advantage in the target market. Further, on one hand, this approach gives several benefits in the
environment while on the other hand, it increases strictness in the company (Mark, Iqbal, and
Czerwinski 2017). Thus, approach provides such an environment to people that motivate them to
work better and focus on innovation that helps the business in growing. Competition is harmful
for some organization but it is favourable for others, and in the given case, high degree of
competition increases the efforts of the employees to work and outshine their capabilities in the
market. This type of approach helped the organization to filter right type of people for the
business as only serious employees get to stay in the business, rest leaves the company; thus, it
should be noted that in this way, the company keeps on filtering people from the business and
hiring new staff as well. Brainstorming ideas of the employees and their hard work makes the
organization distinctive and keeps them growing in the market (Cantor 2016).
regulations and competition have made it difficult for the employees to stay in the organization
for a longer period of time (Choi, Li, and O’Rourke 2016). The ever expanding ambitions of the
top of level of management of the company has started to increase the pressure on the employees
due to which they have started leaving the company. It is believed without a doubt that such
leadership activities of the company help the management to achieve desired success in market
but they also bring high degree of strictness and pressure for implementing innovation in the
business. However, while putting pressure on the employees, the company has also found ways
to retain the interest of their people in the environment. High bonuses are provided to the
employees at the end of the year so that they do not leave the organization. Thus, in this way, it
should be noted that the business process and the human resource management activities of the
company are extremely complicated (Roth, and Mirchandani 2016).
Amazon's distinctive management approach
Talking about distinctive management approach used by the company to attain success in the
environment, it should be noted that this approach is extremely complicated and cannot be
imitated by any other organization in the market. Lack of imitation increases the level of
competitiveness in the industry because no organization can copy the managerial approach of
Amazon to achieve success in the market. Thus, it should be noted that in this way, distinctive
managerial approach of the company helps the business in attain sustainable competitive
advantage in the target market. Further, on one hand, this approach gives several benefits in the
environment while on the other hand, it increases strictness in the company (Mark, Iqbal, and
Czerwinski 2017). Thus, approach provides such an environment to people that motivate them to
work better and focus on innovation that helps the business in growing. Competition is harmful
for some organization but it is favourable for others, and in the given case, high degree of
competition increases the efforts of the employees to work and outshine their capabilities in the
market. This type of approach helped the organization to filter right type of people for the
business as only serious employees get to stay in the business, rest leaves the company; thus, it
should be noted that in this way, the company keeps on filtering people from the business and
hiring new staff as well. Brainstorming ideas of the employees and their hard work makes the
organization distinctive and keeps them growing in the market (Cantor 2016).
Managing People 5
Identification of Issues and Problems
How it poses challenges for Amazon employees?
The successful and distinctive activities of the company on one hand gives opportunity to the
company Amazon to grow, while on the other hand increase the problems of the employees as
well. Below mentioned are the problems faced by the employees in business environment:
Lack of Flexibility: this type of business structure eliminates flexibility in the company. The
employees cannot perform any task based on their willing as they need approval of the
management. Further, strictness and high competition also eliminates the chances of flexibility.
The employees keep on stressing over the bad remarks that they might get in the environment.
Further, it should be noted that complicated business structure along increase the confusion of
management on how to work. Lack of flexibility in the business give rise to high turnover of
employment in the market (Stone, et. al., 2019).
Improper Communication: the business structure is definite in case of performing the tasks in the
environment. The employees in the organization can provide negative feedback to each other
secretly but it does not provide a platform at which employees and managers can freely
communicate with each other. Due to ineffective communication, the employees do not feel safe
while working in the business. The employees do not feel safe while expressing their opinion in
front all the people in the organization (Barber, and Santuzzi 2015).
High Use of Innovation: the third problem that arises with the business is the problem of
innovation. The company motivate the employees to make use of innovation on a regular basis.
Resulting in which, the employees struggle to manage the innovation and adopt it and soon after
that new innovation and technology in the market.
To what extent Amazon's management approach is similar/different to the other
comparable tech giants such as Google, Facebook, UBER, etc.?
The fact should be noted that it is important to make use of similar management approaches in
order to succeed in the international market. Considering the case of companies like Google,
Facebook etc., these companies make use of better and flexile design to attain competitive in the
market. The company Google believes that its employees are their price possession and it is
Identification of Issues and Problems
How it poses challenges for Amazon employees?
The successful and distinctive activities of the company on one hand gives opportunity to the
company Amazon to grow, while on the other hand increase the problems of the employees as
well. Below mentioned are the problems faced by the employees in business environment:
Lack of Flexibility: this type of business structure eliminates flexibility in the company. The
employees cannot perform any task based on their willing as they need approval of the
management. Further, strictness and high competition also eliminates the chances of flexibility.
The employees keep on stressing over the bad remarks that they might get in the environment.
Further, it should be noted that complicated business structure along increase the confusion of
management on how to work. Lack of flexibility in the business give rise to high turnover of
employment in the market (Stone, et. al., 2019).
Improper Communication: the business structure is definite in case of performing the tasks in the
environment. The employees in the organization can provide negative feedback to each other
secretly but it does not provide a platform at which employees and managers can freely
communicate with each other. Due to ineffective communication, the employees do not feel safe
while working in the business. The employees do not feel safe while expressing their opinion in
front all the people in the organization (Barber, and Santuzzi 2015).
High Use of Innovation: the third problem that arises with the business is the problem of
innovation. The company motivate the employees to make use of innovation on a regular basis.
Resulting in which, the employees struggle to manage the innovation and adopt it and soon after
that new innovation and technology in the market.
To what extent Amazon's management approach is similar/different to the other
comparable tech giants such as Google, Facebook, UBER, etc.?
The fact should be noted that it is important to make use of similar management approaches in
order to succeed in the international market. Considering the case of companies like Google,
Facebook etc., these companies make use of better and flexile design to attain competitive in the
market. The company Google believes that its employees are their price possession and it is
Managing People 6
important for the management to provide several services like food gym etc. to satisfy them.
Whereas, on the other hand Amazon make use of entirely different strategies in the market (Dent
2019). Amazon believes that they should not treat the employees with so much flexibility that
they forget working for the company. Instead, the company regularly check the work done by the
employees and they should also not provide enough freedom to them. Freedom and flexibility
can distract the employees from the organization. So, the organization does not believe in
providing enough flexibility to employees in the business environment. On the other hand, it
should also be noted that the company Google, Facebook etc. have simple working structure that
initiates success for them in the external market, whereas on the give case of the company
Amazon, it is believed that the complicated working structure will help the business to grow in
the market. Major importance is given the innovation factor as the business believes that it helps
the business in moving two step forwards in the external market. The company develops a
confidentiality agreement with all the members of the company irrespective of their job
description, resulting in which communication becomes limited in the environment
(Johannsdottir, and Hansen 2017).
What people management challenges does it pose at the macro-level e.g. wider
labour markets, national and international economies?
Talking about the human resource management issue at macro level, it should be noted that this
type of strategies of the company have started to change the external environment. The market
starts to believe in the idea of anything that provides prosperity to the business in the external
environment. Harsh human resource management strategies of the company have started to
increase the complication in the environment with ineffective communication as well. Informal
communication has started to eliminate in the market, only linear communication channel has
started to emerge in the market. Resulting in which, the value of the labour is decreasing and the
economic growth objectives of the company are given more importance in the market. The
companies are focusing on probability, resulting in which the value of workforce has started to
decrease (Roskams, et. al., 2019). Thus, it should be noted that such activities of the company
give rise to macro level issue that depletes the value of labour force in the market. Employees are
the most important resource for the business, it is important effectively communicate with the
employees and consider them as an important stakeholder for the business as well. The macro
important for the management to provide several services like food gym etc. to satisfy them.
Whereas, on the other hand Amazon make use of entirely different strategies in the market (Dent
2019). Amazon believes that they should not treat the employees with so much flexibility that
they forget working for the company. Instead, the company regularly check the work done by the
employees and they should also not provide enough freedom to them. Freedom and flexibility
can distract the employees from the organization. So, the organization does not believe in
providing enough flexibility to employees in the business environment. On the other hand, it
should also be noted that the company Google, Facebook etc. have simple working structure that
initiates success for them in the external market, whereas on the give case of the company
Amazon, it is believed that the complicated working structure will help the business to grow in
the market. Major importance is given the innovation factor as the business believes that it helps
the business in moving two step forwards in the external market. The company develops a
confidentiality agreement with all the members of the company irrespective of their job
description, resulting in which communication becomes limited in the environment
(Johannsdottir, and Hansen 2017).
What people management challenges does it pose at the macro-level e.g. wider
labour markets, national and international economies?
Talking about the human resource management issue at macro level, it should be noted that this
type of strategies of the company have started to change the external environment. The market
starts to believe in the idea of anything that provides prosperity to the business in the external
environment. Harsh human resource management strategies of the company have started to
increase the complication in the environment with ineffective communication as well. Informal
communication has started to eliminate in the market, only linear communication channel has
started to emerge in the market. Resulting in which, the value of the labour is decreasing and the
economic growth objectives of the company are given more importance in the market. The
companies are focusing on probability, resulting in which the value of workforce has started to
decrease (Roskams, et. al., 2019). Thus, it should be noted that such activities of the company
give rise to macro level issue that depletes the value of labour force in the market. Employees are
the most important resource for the business, it is important effectively communicate with the
employees and consider them as an important stakeholder for the business as well. The macro
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Managing People 7
level human resource management challenges faced by companies is lack of availability of
qualified employees in international market. The company faces difficulty in finding the right
type of employee for the business who has adequate knowledge of technology in the market as
well. Resulting in which, competencies of the companies decreases, as they need to initially train
them and then make them work in the organization (Worley 2019).
Discussion
Below mentioned discussion is conducted on the possible solutions that might help the company
to eliminate the human resource management issue from the business and successfully grow.
More details about the report are discussed below:
Implementation of Communication Techniques: lack of communication in the internal
organization is one of the biggest reason due to which people are getting dissatisfied from the
organization. Poor interaction between the top level management and lower and middle level
management is harming the overall growth of the company. Thus, the organization should
effectively make use of effective communication channels in the market to address this issue
connected with the company. Proper communication will help the organization in creating a
suitable workplace environment. This activity will also help the organization in successfully
creating a bond among the employees at workplace environment (Bratton, and Gold 2017). The
company should make use of interactive communication techniques to communicate with the
employees in the internal environment. Adequate communication in the internal environment
will automatically follow up in the external environment with the customers as well. Further, the
company should also initiate regular meet ups as well as monthly parties so as to initiate informal
communication in the internal environment. Effective communication will also eliminate the
problem of rigidness at workplace (Antunes, et. al., 2019).
Change in Leadership Style of Amazon: changing the leadership style is very crucial for the
business as it will help the employees to stay for a longer period of time with the organization.
Ineffective management and leadership style results in low staff with the business. Motivation
level of the employees also decreases with the ineffective leadership style applied by the
company. Thus, the business should make use of differentiated leadership style in the
environment so as to retain the staff and motivate them to work effectively for the growth of the
level human resource management challenges faced by companies is lack of availability of
qualified employees in international market. The company faces difficulty in finding the right
type of employee for the business who has adequate knowledge of technology in the market as
well. Resulting in which, competencies of the companies decreases, as they need to initially train
them and then make them work in the organization (Worley 2019).
Discussion
Below mentioned discussion is conducted on the possible solutions that might help the company
to eliminate the human resource management issue from the business and successfully grow.
More details about the report are discussed below:
Implementation of Communication Techniques: lack of communication in the internal
organization is one of the biggest reason due to which people are getting dissatisfied from the
organization. Poor interaction between the top level management and lower and middle level
management is harming the overall growth of the company. Thus, the organization should
effectively make use of effective communication channels in the market to address this issue
connected with the company. Proper communication will help the organization in creating a
suitable workplace environment. This activity will also help the organization in successfully
creating a bond among the employees at workplace environment (Bratton, and Gold 2017). The
company should make use of interactive communication techniques to communicate with the
employees in the internal environment. Adequate communication in the internal environment
will automatically follow up in the external environment with the customers as well. Further, the
company should also initiate regular meet ups as well as monthly parties so as to initiate informal
communication in the internal environment. Effective communication will also eliminate the
problem of rigidness at workplace (Antunes, et. al., 2019).
Change in Leadership Style of Amazon: changing the leadership style is very crucial for the
business as it will help the employees to stay for a longer period of time with the organization.
Ineffective management and leadership style results in low staff with the business. Motivation
level of the employees also decreases with the ineffective leadership style applied by the
company. Thus, the business should make use of differentiated leadership style in the
environment so as to retain the staff and motivate them to work effectively for the growth of the
Managing People 8
company. The leadership at Amazon should make use of participative leadership style in the
environment. This type of style will help the employees to take part in the crucial decision
making process of the company. The leaders of the company also make use of transformational
leadership style at workplace, use of participative leadership technique will help the organization
in increasing the productivity of the company. In this way, the employees will approach to the
company with the mind set of working in the organization for long term.
3 C’s: the company Amazon should make use of 3C technique in the environment so as to
improve the internal workplace environment. 3C refers to communication, cooperation and
collegiality that should be implemented by the management of Amazon to keep the staff
organized at workplace.
Thus, it should be noted that by using above mentioned techniques, the management of Amazon
would be able to eliminate the problems faced by the company.
Conclusion & Key Learnings
Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events, the fact should be noted that the above
mentioned paper highlighted details about the company Amazon and the activities implemented
by the company in the external as well as internal environment. Through this report, it has been
learned that positive internal environment is crucial for the success of the organization as without
communication and trust at workplace, the employees will not be able to work in favour of the
organization. Thus, the report conducted a thorough analysis of the issue faced by the company
while working on its concepts in the market. Recommendations are provided to the organization
so that the business can find out their faults and effectively grow in the market as well. Thus, it
should be noted that the company Amazon is working well in the target market, but the rigidness
and high degree of pressure at workplace is making the staff difficult to work with the top level
management of the company. Resulting in which, easing the environment will help the
employees to work better and increase productivity in the market as well.
company. The leadership at Amazon should make use of participative leadership style in the
environment. This type of style will help the employees to take part in the crucial decision
making process of the company. The leaders of the company also make use of transformational
leadership style at workplace, use of participative leadership technique will help the organization
in increasing the productivity of the company. In this way, the employees will approach to the
company with the mind set of working in the organization for long term.
3 C’s: the company Amazon should make use of 3C technique in the environment so as to
improve the internal workplace environment. 3C refers to communication, cooperation and
collegiality that should be implemented by the management of Amazon to keep the staff
organized at workplace.
Thus, it should be noted that by using above mentioned techniques, the management of Amazon
would be able to eliminate the problems faced by the company.
Conclusion & Key Learnings
Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events, the fact should be noted that the above
mentioned paper highlighted details about the company Amazon and the activities implemented
by the company in the external as well as internal environment. Through this report, it has been
learned that positive internal environment is crucial for the success of the organization as without
communication and trust at workplace, the employees will not be able to work in favour of the
organization. Thus, the report conducted a thorough analysis of the issue faced by the company
while working on its concepts in the market. Recommendations are provided to the organization
so that the business can find out their faults and effectively grow in the market as well. Thus, it
should be noted that the company Amazon is working well in the target market, but the rigidness
and high degree of pressure at workplace is making the staff difficult to work with the top level
management of the company. Resulting in which, easing the environment will help the
employees to work better and increase productivity in the market as well.
Managing People 9
Reference List
Al Horr, Y., Arif, M., Kaushik, A., Mazroei, A., Katafygiotou, M. and Elsarrag, E., 2016.
Occupant productivity and office indoor environment quality: A review of the
literature. Building and environment, 105, pp.369-389.
Antunes, A.P., Rebêlo, G.H., Pezzuti, J.C.B., de Mattos Vieira, M.A.R., Constantino, P.D.A.L.,
Campos-Silva, J.V., Fonseca, R., Durigan, C.C., Ramos, R.M., do Amaral, J.V. and Pimenta,
N.C., 2019. A conspiracy of silence: Subsistence hunting rights in the Brazilian Amazon. Land
Use Policy, 84, pp.1-11.
Barber, L.K. and Santuzzi, A.M., 2015. Please respond ASAP: Workplace telepressure and
employee recovery. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(2), p.172.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Brown, R.C., 2018. Measuring Worker Performance within the Limits of Employment Law in
the Changing Workplace Environment of Industry 4.0. Available at SSRN 3185166.
Cantor, D.E., 2016. Maximizing the Potential of Contemporary Workplace Monitoring: Techno‐
Cultural Developments, Transactive Memory, and Management Planning. Journal of Business
Logistics, 37(1), pp.18-25.
Choi, S., Li, C.H. and O’Rourke, J., 2016. Amazon. com, inc.: Big ideas in a bruising workplace.
The Eugene D. Fanning Center for Business Communication, Mendoza College of Business,
University of Notre Dame.
Dent, B., 2019. A Better Workplace Starts with a Strong Message of Positive Change. Frontiers
of health services management, 36(1), pp.25-29.
Johannsdottir, T. and Hansen, R., 2017. How the Physical Work Environment Can Affect
Individual Productivity (Master's thesis, University of Stavanger, Norway).
Mark, G., Iqbal, S. and Czerwinski, M., 2017, September. How blocking distractions affects
workplace focus and productivity. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint
Reference List
Al Horr, Y., Arif, M., Kaushik, A., Mazroei, A., Katafygiotou, M. and Elsarrag, E., 2016.
Occupant productivity and office indoor environment quality: A review of the
literature. Building and environment, 105, pp.369-389.
Antunes, A.P., Rebêlo, G.H., Pezzuti, J.C.B., de Mattos Vieira, M.A.R., Constantino, P.D.A.L.,
Campos-Silva, J.V., Fonseca, R., Durigan, C.C., Ramos, R.M., do Amaral, J.V. and Pimenta,
N.C., 2019. A conspiracy of silence: Subsistence hunting rights in the Brazilian Amazon. Land
Use Policy, 84, pp.1-11.
Barber, L.K. and Santuzzi, A.M., 2015. Please respond ASAP: Workplace telepressure and
employee recovery. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(2), p.172.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Brown, R.C., 2018. Measuring Worker Performance within the Limits of Employment Law in
the Changing Workplace Environment of Industry 4.0. Available at SSRN 3185166.
Cantor, D.E., 2016. Maximizing the Potential of Contemporary Workplace Monitoring: Techno‐
Cultural Developments, Transactive Memory, and Management Planning. Journal of Business
Logistics, 37(1), pp.18-25.
Choi, S., Li, C.H. and O’Rourke, J., 2016. Amazon. com, inc.: Big ideas in a bruising workplace.
The Eugene D. Fanning Center for Business Communication, Mendoza College of Business,
University of Notre Dame.
Dent, B., 2019. A Better Workplace Starts with a Strong Message of Positive Change. Frontiers
of health services management, 36(1), pp.25-29.
Johannsdottir, T. and Hansen, R., 2017. How the Physical Work Environment Can Affect
Individual Productivity (Master's thesis, University of Stavanger, Norway).
Mark, G., Iqbal, S. and Czerwinski, M., 2017, September. How blocking distractions affects
workplace focus and productivity. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint
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Managing People 10
Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM
International Symposium on Wearable Computers (pp. 928-934). ACM.
Roskams, M., Haynes, B., Lee, P.J. and Park, S.H., 2019. Acoustic comfort in open-plan offices:
the role of employee characteristics. Journal of corporate real estate.
Roth, K. and Mirchandani, N., 2016. The rise of co-working: A growing workplace
movement. Corporate Real Estate Journal, 5(4), pp.314-328.
Stone, R.P., Leuty, M.E., Rayburn, R. and Wu, B.H., 2019. Person–environment fit at work:
Relationships with workplace behaviours. Australian Journal of Career Development, 28(3),
pp.234-244.
Worley, J.A., 2019. PROFESSIONAL WORKPLACE. The Routledge Companion to
Management and Workplace Spirituality.
Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM
International Symposium on Wearable Computers (pp. 928-934). ACM.
Roskams, M., Haynes, B., Lee, P.J. and Park, S.H., 2019. Acoustic comfort in open-plan offices:
the role of employee characteristics. Journal of corporate real estate.
Roth, K. and Mirchandani, N., 2016. The rise of co-working: A growing workplace
movement. Corporate Real Estate Journal, 5(4), pp.314-328.
Stone, R.P., Leuty, M.E., Rayburn, R. and Wu, B.H., 2019. Person–environment fit at work:
Relationships with workplace behaviours. Australian Journal of Career Development, 28(3),
pp.234-244.
Worley, J.A., 2019. PROFESSIONAL WORKPLACE. The Routledge Companion to
Management and Workplace Spirituality.
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