Managing Project Quality

This report discusses the wireless EV charging project by Toyota Company and the role of quality management in ensuring consistent products and services. It also covers topics such as project client satisfaction and management, continuous improvement, advantages and disadvantages of EV charging.

Running Head: Managing Project Quality 1
Managing Project Quality

Managing Project Quality 2
Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Discussion and Analysis..................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................12

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Abstract
Technology has vital consequences on business operations. It has tangible as well as intangible
advantages that would assist the company to make money and develop the outcomes that
consumer demands. The infrastructure of technological affects the efficiency, culture and
bonding of the business. Wireless EV charging is the project that has developed for electric
vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEVs). This project is being chosen because
this technology permits cars to be charged by parking in alignment. The purpose of this report is
to describe the chosen project so that the better understanding regarding the project could be
made. The role of the quality management is huge in the organization that makes sure products
and services are consistent. Quality management has major four elements such as quality control,
quality development, quality assurance and quality planning. The main focus of the quality
management is to focus on the quality of the products and services to attain the set target.
Literature Review
The coasting level of an electric vehicle (EV) can be hugely developed by a dynamic wireless
charging system due to the battery can be charged at the time of the vehicle is moving. However,
it has been found that the investment in infrastructure can be huge and has to be decreased to
execute the system. The main feature of wireless charging is the potential to permit EVs to
develop in an equivalent fashion in the form of the conventional internal combustion engine
(ICE) vehicles for major two causes such as wireless chargers situated in the roadway that can
give constant vehicle charging therefore, eliminating the EV range concern issue and need for
huge battery capacities (Verzijlbergh, et. al., 2012). Another one is wireless charging provides a
no attempt in the chance at any location which is so capable. This literature review will contain

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two topics of Project client satisfaction and management and Continuous Improvement. Before
describing above mentioned topic, it is necessary to know more about the project that has
implemented by Toyota Company for making changes in the world by bringing latest technology
by which people get benefitted (Gan, Topcu & Low, 2013).
It has been analyzed that recharging a Toyota plug-in hybrid or it can be said that all-electric
vehicle can in potential be as simple as parking in the car. It has been announced by Toyota
Company that verification testing is to start later of a new wireless battery charging system it has
improved for vehicles that use an electric powertrain. The new technology of Toyota Company
permits the car to be charged by parking with a coil set into the outside of the ground. This
creates the process easier, giving out with connectors and cables (Du, Lukic, Jacobson & Huang,
2011). The Toyota charging system broadcasts electricity by utilizing resonance of magnetic
made by amendments in magnetic field intensity between a transmitting coil in the ground and
attaining the coil in the car. The main purpose behind this design is to reduce the loss in power
transmission effectiveness reasoned by less of alignment or differences in height between the
coils. It has been found that the system of Toyota Company is being developed with taking
consideration of the potential market which launches in mind. The company has considered the
measures that assist in reducing the interference with nearby equipment, and the spreading coil in
the ground has been created vigorous enough to endure vehicles driving over it. The company
involves three plug in hybrid in the test programme which is used by homes in Aichi prefecture
in Japan. It would help out to increase the user satisfaction, the ease of the system of use, rates of
misalignment and charging behavior like how often charging takes place. Along with that, it has
been found that the company would use the test outcomes to improve the technology for the
future purpose, with taking consideration of the ultimate aim of carrying the system to market

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(Qian, Zhou, Allan & Yuan, 2010). The belief of Toyota company is on commercialization
which would assist the company to promote the utilization of electrified vehicles and mobility
choices that are effective, simpler to use and helpful to the environment.
Figure: Wireless Charging Project by Toyota Company
Source: (Toyota, 2014).
Project client satisfaction and management
It has been found that project satisfaction keeps huge importance in every kind of project. The
project management activities are compelled by the customers in a way of involving at the time
of the starting (accumulating of obligation) until the very end (providing the products and
services). It is the major reason why project manager always entails customer satisfaction at the
time of the planning. According to Cao, et. al., (2012), customer satisfaction is related to the
understanding, elaborating, analyzing and handling customer requirements so that their needs are
satisfied thus the same. It is the concept that needs conformance to the needs to make sure that
the project develops the output that it needs to develop. The role of customer satisfaction in the
project of the Toyota Company keeps huge importance as it is the major part of the project

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quality management. It makes sure that the objectives, policies, and responsibilities of the project
will gratify everyone including in the project (Chumpitaz, Paparoidamis, Rivera & Ayala, 2015).
Figure: Magnetic resonance wireless EV charging system
Source: (Qiu, Chau, Liu & Chan, 2013)
The role of the coil design is considered as the vital facto in an entire system in which the
dimension of coil will elaborates the higher level of the power capacity, and the strength will be
influenced by the factor of the quality of coils. In the context of the vehicle application, it
consists two parts such as the magnetic and the wires. This coil will be handled from 10 kHz to
number of hundred Hertz.
As per Botsford & Szczepanek, (2009) client satisfaction is important for the reputation of the
vendor and the decisions about follow-up projects. This principle can only be completed of the
client handles the course of the project to be resistance less. That is why the authors differentiate
between the project performances evaluates in the relation of the observance to planning and
client satisfaction of the company evaluated in the relation of the subjective performance of the
client perceptions. Un-required expectations or less of confirmation lead to the upper level of
discomfort, which is equivalent to lower satisfaction (Qian, et. al., 2011). Whereas the focus on
the expectations related to the one’s own performance sooner than the presence of others,

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successive research applied the expectation –confirmation theory to the satisfaction of the
customer. Toyota has invested in WiTricity since 2011 in which the company had plans to
involve wireless charging to the Prius line of hybrid cars. It has been said by the managing
officer of Toyota company that wireless charging will be the element of the future Prius Plug-IN
model in 2014. This company will be testing the wireless charging system in the country of
Europe, Japan and U.S. The company offers up to 25kW, with the system of the company for the
passenger cars that output from 3.3 kW to 6kW whilst systems for small buses are in the 10kW
to 25kW range.
Figure: Static wireless electric vehicle charging system (S-WEVCS)
Source: (Das, Jana & Makinde, 2015).
WEVCS unlocks another door to give a user-friendly environment for customers avoid the issues
related to the safety with the plug in chargers. Static WEVCS can have the potential of replacing
the plug-in-charger such as electric shock. It has been analyzed that the price of that system is
around USD 2700-13000 from charging levels 3.3-7.2kWh. It has been found that the power
level of this system has the capability to meet the international SAE standards. Toyota Company
has produced this project by keeping consideration all factors of environment.
Continuous Improvement (Kaizen)

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Continuous improvement can be considered as the method by which one can recognize the
opportunities for streamlining work and decreasing the waste. It has been found that Toyota
Company is providing a high quality of services to their customers so that the company can be
connected with the customer for a long time. The planning of the company is considered by
taking consideration of long-term planning in which the company focuses on the fast charging
standard for electric vehicles. This fast charging standard name is CHAdeMO. It has been found
that as per IHS Automotive, there are a number of fast chargers of CHAdeMo around 2,445 in
operation and more than 55,000 CHAdeMO- compatible EVs around the world (Alrington
Toyota, 2016).
Figure: Continuous Improvement
Source: (Chen, Li & Shady, 2010).
Toyota Company is a well known company around the world due to its involvement in the latest
technology and makes people aware regarding the latest up-gradation in the technology.
Toyota’s thinking is not limited up to one or two innovation; this company adapts new features
in a continuous manner and makes changes in the developed technology in order to bring

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continuous improvement. According to Łukasik & Wąsowicz, (2015), Toyota Company found
another issue of battery problem in a phone that is why the company has initiated the technology
in which one can charge their phones wirelessly. The company has located the QI wireless
charging tray in the center console through which a person can place the phone in the charging
tray and ensure there is no anything between the tray and the Smartphone. It is the technology in
which after setting the phone in the tray, push the wireless charger button to start charging the
phone. At the time of charging the phone, an orangey pointer light will enlighten whilst the
phone is charging. The indication enlighten will turn into green after the completion of the
charging (Foley, Winning & Gallachóir, 2010).
The above-mentioned description shows that the company is more focused on client satisfaction
and the continuous improvement so that they can deliver a high quality of services to the
customer. Trust is the key to success and it is required for the company to keep the focus on them
so that the number of loyalty customer of Toyota company increase day by day.
Discussion and Analysis
Limitations and shortcomings:
It has been analyzed that the limitation and shortcoming in the project of Toyota Company are
enormous. However, the company has given their best in making this technology more
advantageous and easier for the customer of Toyota company but it can be seen that the slower
charging, battery backup, increasing the complexity, big space for and cost of manufactures
(Yong, Ramachandaramurthy, Tan & Mithulananthan, 2015). There is another shortcomings as
well such as more expensive, compatible standards, inefficiency, inconvenience and lack of
guidance of direction. It has been analyzed that the because of the lower efficiency, devices take

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more than 15% longer to charge the battery at the time of the supplied battery is the same range.
It is more expensive as it needs to drive electronics and coils in devices as well as in the charger
that amplify the complexity and cost of manufacturing (Yang, Zhang & Poor, 2014).
Key risks and issues
It has been found that there is a huge risk in EV charging system that implements by the Toyota
Company. State of the art EV charging stations use the Smart Grid, an electric supply network
that utilizes the Information & Communications Technology (ICT) to perceive practice. It
defines that the charging stations connect the power of ICT to process financial transactions and
related to other services, moreover delivering the real EV fuel itself (Rakouth, et. al., 2013).
Optimization of sufficient energy utilization can be done by the infrastructure with real-time
information exchange in order to handle the power transmission, payment, and authentication.
Along with that, it has been found that it is hard to misjudge the impact an ICT-driven EV car-
charging infrastructure can have on the routine lives. It has been found that EV Charging can
develop local issues and stability issues on power networks and decrease the benefits of the
environment of electrification exclusive of multi-stakeholder, priority for the upper level of use
of vehicles and instant rollout the charging infrastructure (Yilmaz & Krein, 2013).
Advantages of EV charging
in the context of the advantages of EV charging, it can be said that the huge advantageous
condition of using an the electric vehicle is its green credentials. The implication of Toyota
Company towards EV charging is that the company made the EV charging system to reduce the
impact of the global warming and pollution all around the globe (Green, Skerlos, & Winebrake,
2014). It has been found that with amplifying commercialization and population, these issues are
going to a worse situation. The electric vehicles emerged in the form of the welcome solution to

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these ongoing concerns. There are other advantages as well which can be considered under what
was done well. These are savings, no emission, popularity, no gas needed, cost-effective, low
maintenance and reduced noise pollution.
Disadvantages of EV charging
It has been found that there are many disadvantages regarding EV charging system such as
recharge points, electricity issues, short riving range and speed and longer recharge time, not
suitability for cities that have the issue of power and battery replacement. it has been discussed
that the there are a lot of places that have not electric fuelling stations. Along with that, the
wireless charging cars can irritate on one’s energy bill if one is not able to consider the options
carefully. along with that it has been found in the innovative project of Toyota company that
electric cars are tended to have a limitation in the range of speed. These kinds of cars demand to
charge after 50-100 miles. Along with that silence can become under the disadvantage factor as
people are habitual to hear the noise if they are coming from behind them. However, the eclectic
car is silent but it can lead to accidents. In the context of the battery replacement, it can be said
that it is dependent on the usage of the battery in which batteries of entire electric cars are needed
to be amended every 3-10 years (Boulanger, Chu, Maxx & Waltz, D2011).
Recommendations
However, Toyota Company is involved in every innovation in the automobile company and to
extend it has attained the success. As it has been discussed that the project of Toyota Company
of Wireless EV charging has some advantages as well as disadvantages and for the growth of this
innovation, it is required for the company to keep the focus on those factors which can enhance
the demand of electric car. It has been recommended to the company in order to make changes in

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the project so that people get attracted towards buying an electric car. The company should focus
on different mechanisms for utilities to control EV load, involving Time of Use (TOU), Demand
response, Real Time Purchasing, Dual Metering and Vehicle to Grid (Tian, et. al., 2016).
TOU can be considered as an incentive-based electrical range that permits the EV owner to save
money while charging at the time of chosen “off-peak” schedule created by the utility. It has
been analyzed that the demand response can be considered as the voluntary program that permits
the utility to move out a signal to consumers for the purpose to cut back on loads at the time of
the utility is practicing.
Gantt chart
ID Task 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
1 Have a detailed scheme
2 Design and simulate circuits
3 Make the circuit for motor
4 Make the circuit for charging the motor
5 Debug together to achieve functions
6 Performance Improvement
Conclusion
It has been concluded that innovation in the technology is must for bringing change in the world.
This research has entailed the project of Toyota Company of wireless EV charging. It has been
found that Toyota Company has the feature of adaptive technology. This report has entailed the
discussion about the continuous improvement and the project client satisfaction and
management. Both topics have been taken into consideration the project of Toyota Company.
along with that, it has been found that the project of the Toyota company has some limitations
and shortcomings as well which can be the reason for decreasing the revenues of the company. It
has been found that EV Charging can develop local issues and stability issues on power networks

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and decrease the benefits of the environment of electrification. To improve the productivity of
the project, the recommendations have been made.

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References
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from: http://www.toyotaarlington.com/blog/2016/04/25/how-to-use-the-toyota-qi-
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Boulanger, A. G., Chu, A. C., Maxx, S., & Waltz, D. L. (2011). Vehicle electrification: Status
and issues. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(6), 1116-1138.
Cao, Y., Tang, S., Li, C., Zhang, P., Tan, Y., Zhang, Z., & Li, J. (2012). An optimized EV
charging model considering TOU price and SOC curve. IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid, 3(1), 388-393.
Chen, J. C., Li, Y., & Shady, B. D. (2010). From value stream mapping toward a lean/sigma
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Production Research, 48(4), 1069-1086.
Chumpitaz, R., Paparoidamis, N. G., Rivera, J., & Ayala, V. M. (2015). Service Quality, Product
Quality and Service Recovery as Antecedents of Client Satisfaction in a Business-to-
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Foley, A. M., Winning, I. J., & Gallachóir, B. Ó. (2010, September). State-of-the-art in electric
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Gan, L., Topcu, U., & Low, S. H. (2013). Optimal decentralized protocol for electric vehicle
charging. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(2), 940-951.
Green, E. H., Skerlos, S. J., & Winebrake, J. J. (2014). Increasing electric vehicle policy
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