Annotated Bibliography of Information Technology Papers

This assignment involves annotating a comprehensive list of research papers related to Information Technology (IT), including topics like critical success factors for IT governance, agile project management, the role of IT in organizational learning, and more. The annotated bibliography aims to provide a detailed overview of the existing literature on IT-related subjects, including management information systems, e-learning, breakthrough technology project management, digital innovation, and electronic customer relationship management systems.

Managing Successful
Business

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
P1 Devise aims and objectives for project..................................................................................2
P2 Creation of project management plan....................................................................................3
P3 Breakdown structure and Gantt chart to provide stages and time frames..............................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Carry out research with help of quantitative and qualitative methods of research...............8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P5 Analysis of data using various values..................................................................................10
P6 Recommendations and conclusion for the investigation outcome.......................................18
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................19
P7 Reflection of the research....................................................................................................19
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21
1

INTRODUCTION
Digitization has become an important part of present business world as through same
work becomes more easy and effective. It is process through which data is transferred into digital
form which can be circulated in any part of the world without taking much efforts. Through this
concept the productivity of firm gets increased and hence development can be done in the long
run (Alreemy and et. al., 2016). Terry's cafe in London deals in food business in which there is
continuous increase in rivalry. It is required that latest technology is used by them so that more
business can be made. The following report will talk about how the latest application can be
beneficial for the organisation and why management should focus on bringing changing in the
present working conditions. Aims and objectives of the topic will be developed which will be
further discussed in detail through conducting a survey. Interpretation of the same will be done in
graphical manner that will further enhance the knowledge of user on the impact of digitalisation
in business.
TASK 1
P1 Devise aims and objectives for project
For a business organisation, digitalisation helps to provide rapid growth easily. Through
this process a firm can get their objectives and goals in appropriate manner. For this,
management of Terry's cafe need to understand their requirement that can be easily fulfilled
through advance technology and features as well. For dealing with these ideas a needs to changes
their plan and procedure that can affected after using advance features in their process.
Digitalisation is provides positive changes in organisation if company adopt this idea with
specific approach and knowledge (Conforto and Amaral, 2016). Various firm's in a economy
grab this process and getting desired outcomes easily. Terry's cafe is a small scale firm who are
going to utilizing digital technology in their business process to expend it structure easily. After
adopting this technology firm faced lots of challenges and various opportunities that helping
them to build positive marketing image easily. As per this report, some aim and objectives of this
organisation are given below -
TOPIC: The
impact of digital technology in supporting small business growth and innovation- a case study is
based on Terry's cafe.
2

Background of this Project: This project is based on terry's cafe who wants to adopt digital
technology in their business process to getting higher business advantages easily. Through these
kind of techniques they can improve quality of their services and easily captures eyes of
customers toward their cafe (Kasemsap, 2016). After adopting this transformation they can easily
improve operational and functional activity. These kind of things helping them to attain higher
growth and profitability in short term period and build effective relation with customer for long
time.
Research Aims To analyse impact of advance technology in supporting small business growth and
innovation - a case study is based on Terry's cafe.
Research Objectives: There are various objectives of terry's cafe are determine which are bases
on digital technology such as-
 To analyse impact of digital technology on Terry's cafe.
 To evaluate advantages and disadvantages of digital technology on business activities.
 To earn higher growth and profit by implementing digitalisation in firm. To understand whether digital technology will provide long term growth or not.
Research Question: There are various question's are based on different kind of objectives of
firm such as -
 How Terry's cafe can use digital technology and what will be its impact on firm ?
 What are the draw backs and benefits of modern equipments on business operations ?
 How firm earn higher growth and profit by implementing digitalisation in firm ?
 How digital technology helping to attain long term growth ?
All these factors are very helpful for Terry's cafe to get appropriate growth and desired outcomes
after adopting digital technology in their business organisation.
P2 Creation of project management plan
Project management plan is a management activity which is design to understand its
effectiveness on business procedure (Langer, 2017). All these business projects needs to create in
appropriate manner that provide effective results in corrective and manageable manner. Terry's
cafe going to adopt digital technology in their organisation so for them it is very importation to
understand each and every element in exact manner that impact their planning procedure. Project
3

management plan involve different elements as project cost, scope, time, resources, quality and
risk as well. All these factors are determine below to provide exact information as -
Cost – For a business organisation it is very important to understand appropriate cost that
can consider before implementing digitalisation in firm (Laudon and Laudon, 2016). Advance
technology is not an easy project, it is require appropriate amount to utilize in business
procedure. Digital technology helping to provide appropriate ideas and creative thoughts to
getting desired outcomes easily. For using digital technology, organisation needs to provide
appropriate training to their employee to utilize it in effective manner. All these technological
equipments also require proper positioning to get desired results easily. All these terms are
directly based on cost, so for this Terry's cafe needs to understand its importance on business
procedure.
Scope – Project management plan has vast scope in operational activity because it is uses
to build appropriate strategy for organisation. Digital technology has also a appropriate scope in
organisation who needs to get effective growth and accurate productivity through their
employees. All these factors are help to build values for a form to attain their future objectives in
exact manner.
Time – For a appropriate project time factor needs to be sufficient to accomplish it in
effective manner. Digitalisation is not a easy task to implement it in business process, so for this
employees and management staff needs to consider exact time that can be used to implement it in
business procedure.
Quality – This factors is related to employees and learner of project because it is very
important that quality of project in manage in exact manner that provide appropriate context.
This element is determine effectiveness of project that determine exact outcome in clear way.
For terry's cafe it is very important to manage quality of their project before implementation
digitalisation in their process services.
Communication – This is consider as communication skill of employees. All worker of a
for are known as its key element who provide their services to getting future objectives an goals
at exact timing (Lientz and Rea, 2016). Effective communication between employees helps to
build positive working environment for others.
Risk – This factor is identify in each and every procedure of organisation that adopt
newly to getting effective growth. Project management plan is also very risky if it is not manage
4

and implement in exact manner. For this terry's cafe need to analyse all risk factor that can affect
their business policy and procedure as well.
Resources – These kind of factors are determine as key element of a firm that needs to
utilize in appropriate manner (Liebowitz and Frank, 2016). For this terry's cafe needs to build
appropriate strategy to use them easily and getting higher business advantages easily.
5

P3 Breakdown structure and Gantt chart to provide stages and time frames
This can be stated as one of the essential factor who plays crucial role in gathering
several number of ideas and activities for certain topics which are being analysed in depth later
on. There are effective guidelines which are being provided along with the direction in order to
make the action plan much more effective so that resources can be utilised in optimum manner.
This will in turn helps out in having expected outcomes (Nambisan and et. al., 2017). Manager of
the company has the main duty towards the research and that is its conduction and that is being
done with the motive of understanding the number of factors and along with that gaining the
experience so that further issues can be resolved which are being occurred. There are number of
steps which are being taken for carrying out the research and they are described below:
 Analysing the leading ground for a research conduction
 literature review
 Issues Clarification
 Defining project concept
 Choosing the respondents which will be basis of executing research
 making Instrumental plan
 Data Analysation.
There are number of activities which are available in every kind of research which are being
conducted by the research programme and the main area which is covered is digitalisation and
transformation. It is highly required by the Perry's Cafe for enhancing the functions and thus
increase the operations area and thus thus can be done through the grounds of steps and other
vital data which are needed within the business. About 20 of the respondents who are being
selected as sample of entire population and thus conducted the literature review. Their point of
view and the answers provided by them is being carried out in better and effective manner. After
the research, data is being gathered by the researcher with keeping in mind regarding the end
goal for making appropriate choices with respect to the business and its online extension
(Navimipour and Soltani, 2016).
In the designing up of activities each and every factor is being embraced and are being
considered. Thus, the specialist will now have the capacity of influencing the covered for
outlining the accomplishing errand and other exercises. Perry's cafe will utilise this kind of
resources and the vital data in which the poll will be taken of the 10 questions which will be
6

asked as the questions will be placed in front of the respondents (Nelson and Staggers, 2016).
There are 20 of the respondents which are being chosen. It is highly needed for researcher to lead
the various exercises. It is much more hard for a company to have the advanced innovation and
conduct the operations so it is the main duty of administration for assembling for defining the
better activity design. Specialist mainly designs the activities for advanced transactions and the
age criteria which is being set as criteria for the age which can be comprehended by figure
described below:
This type of plan is being highly followed by the Perry's in order to have the right direction
which are being given and are being included within the plan in order to complete the goals and
objectives of the company (Peppard and Ward, 2016). Assistance is being provided for guiding
the managers for making the decision process much more effective and thus the activities are
being considered in better and efficacious way.
7

TASK 2
P4 Carry out research with help of quantitative and qualitative methods of research
In order to carry out every kind of research then there are two types of methods and tech'
which are being determined and those are qualitative and quantitative. In order to collect the
data, there are two sources of data which are being utilised and they are primary and secondary
data for completing the data (Ross, 2016). In order to provide support to the plan, there are
various objectives which needs to be fulfilled for mentioning the lists and thus further changes
which are being implemented.
Online campaign is being launched by the Perry's cafe where they mainly collects the
wide variety of the data from more and high number of people (Schwab, 2017). This kind of
method is being stated as digitalisation for the beneficial concept for business but sometimes
changes which are not being accepted for the staff members. Therefore, the entire projection is
being investigated by taking point of view of employees. Data is being gathered by the help of
questionnaire which includes 10 questions. On the basis of that, proper data is being generated
and collected for taking the beneficial decisions for long term context. Primary data: Every research never get value till its raw in nature. Essential role is being
played by the data for each and every company for making things corrective in nature.
This mainly includes online survey, questionnaire, personal interview and many more. In
order to gather number of people, all of them are really helpful in this.
 Secondary data: Sometimes, there are few authors whose perspective is highly necessary
for analysing the data (Turban and et. al., 2017). Furthermore, survey is already
conducted as secondary data which mainly reflects the things which are already
completed.
This poll depends on 20 respondents whom are staff individuals from Perry's Cafe. Based on
their view and point, comes about get decide legitimately with the goal that effect of
digitalisation on business connection get support through interruption and change.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
8

Q1. Is Digitalisation making use of huge cost for its implementation?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2. Which kind of marketing method is required to be applied by Terry's?
a) Traditional method
b) Modern method Of marketing
Q3. Will this change be effective in targetting new customer segment other than Youth?
a) Yes
b) No
Q4. Following the digital change, will you refer your friend to visit Terry's cafe?
a) Yes
b) No
Q5. Will Terry's cafe be able to increase their market share by using digital technology?
a)Yes
b)No
Q6. Did organisation applied each and every resource in an optimum manner?
a)Yes
b)No
Q7. Will customers think that online products have good quality and range?
a) Agree
b) Disagree
Q8. Is implementation of digital technology necessary for Terry's cafe in relation to
promotion and the increasing in technology?
a) Yes
b) No
Q9. How satisfied are you with the work completed and time taken?
a) Very Satisfied
b) Satisfied
c) Dissatisfied
Q10. Provide any suitable recommendation for such scenario....
9

TASK 3
P5 Analysis of data using various values
Collection of information is required but what is more important is to analyse them
because the information is being collected from different sources (vom Brocke, Zelt and
Schmiedel, 2016). It is a very important step which is required to be considered by the researcher
as with the help of data interpretation they can solve take appropriate decisions for the project. In
this project, investigator has prepared a questionnaire so it always reflect positive outcome. Also,
through this analysis, Terry's cafe will be able to achieve goals and objectives. They can do it by
arranging the data in graphs and presentations.
Q1) Is Digitalisation making use of huge cost
for its implementation?
Frequency
Yes 15
No 5
Theme 1: Digitalisation incur more and more cost in its implementation
10
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Frequency

Interpretation : Since digitalisation is required to be applied in each and every organisation but
for applying it lots of funds are required to be invested by the company so that good technology
can be brought in by the company. Terry's cafe is required to analyse all the type of cost that will
be incurred in this project. From the above data, it can be concluded that out of 20 respondents
15 respondents believe that high cost is required to be implemented by the cafe but 5 were not in
favour of it.
Q2. Which kind of marketing method is
required to be applied by Terry's?
Frequency
Traditional method 6
Modern method of marketing 14
Theme 2: Usage of marketing method
Interpretation : Since there are different methods of marketing present in the business
environment so the decision is required to be taken by companies that which marketing method
will suit them the best. So, Terry's cafe can adopt modern concept of marketing. From the above
data, it can be concluded that out of 20 respondents only 6 believe that traditional method is good
11
Traditional method Modern method of marketing
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency

for cafe business and rest 14 respondents says that modern method of marketing is required to be
implemented.
Q3. Will this change be effective in targetting
new customer segment other than Youth?
Frequency
Yes 17
No 3
Theme 3: Effectiveness in targeting new customer segment
Interpretation : If an kind of change is implemented in the business then it is very important to
know that whether this change is beneficial for whole company or not so that it can be applied by
the company finally. So, Terry's cafe should make sure that through their online website they
will be targetting new marketing segment as well. From the above data, it can be concluded that
out of 20 respondents 17 thinks that this change will help them in targetting new customer
segment but 3 thinks that this change will not be effective.
12
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Frequency

Q4. Following the digital change, will you
refer your friend to visit Terry's cafe?
Frequency
Yes 18
No 2
Theme 4: Giving reference for visiting
Interpretation : Since Terry's cafe is a well known cafe in London and after introducing these
kinds of changes they have become more efficient. From the above data, it can be concluded that
out of 20 respondents 18 says that they will refer this cafe to their friends and family as well but
only 2 says that they will not refer.
Q5. Will Terry's cafe be able to increase their
market share by using digital technology?
Frequency
Yes 16
No 4
Theme 5: Increase in market share by using digital technology
13
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Frequency

Interpretation : From the above data, it can be concluded that out of 20 respondents 16 thinks
that by this change, Terry's cafe will be able to increase their market share but 4 respondents are
not in favour of these.
Q6. Did organisation applied each and every
resource in an optimum manner?
Frequency
Yes 19
No 1
14
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Frequency

Theme 6: Application of each and every resource
Interpretation : From the above data, it can be concluded that out of 20 respondents 19
believes that Terry's cafe is making use of each and every resources in an effective manner but
only 1 believe that they are not making use of resources in an effective manner.
Q7. Will customers think that online products
have good quality and range?
Frequency
Agree 16
Disagree 4
15
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency

Theme 7: Online products have good quality and range
Interpretation : From the above data, it can be concluded that out of 20 respondents 16
respondents think that online products are having good quality and available in good product
range as well but only 4 were not in favour of this statement.
Q8. Is implementation of digital technology
necessary for Terry's cafe in relation to
promotion and the increasing in technology?
Frequency
Yes 17
No 3
16
Agree Disagree
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Frequency

Theme 8: Necessities of implementing digitalisation
Interpretation : From the above data, it can be concluded that out of 20 respondents 17
believes that implementation of digital technology is necessary in relation to promotions and
increase in technology but 3 respondents were not in favour of it.
Q9. How satisfied are you with the work
completed and time taken?
Frequency
Yes 14
No 6
17
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Frequency

Theme 9: Satisfaction of work completed and time taken
Interpretation : From the above data, it can be concluded that out of 20 respondents 14
respondents believes they were satisfied with the work and time taken by cafe for introducing
changes but only 6 says that they much amount of time was taken by company.
P6 Recommendations and conclusion for the investigation outcome
It is known that management of successful business project required detailed research and
sound information so that goals and objectives can be achieved in an effective manner. Through
this there will be many opportunities for companies to grow and expand in diverse areas as well.
Application of digital technology is not a simple task because lots of small details are required to
be taken care of for taking care so that implementation is done in a successful manner. Proper
monitoring is required to be done by employees so that activities are completed in an effective
manner. Since Terry's cafe is also an established brand in London so if they will introduce any
kind of changes in their business operations then it will be known to public. By going online,
they are just trying to expand their business area so that new customers can be gained and
profitability can be increased.
18
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency

So for doing this , they are taking help of digital technology as because of this a website
is launched and all the food menu will be placed there but to avoid any kind of data handling
issues, they can make use of cloud technology in which they will be able to store all of their
important data safe. In their initial days of business, they can even introduce discounts and
implement various schemes so that customers can know about it.
TASK 4
P7 Reflection of the research
There are several issues that were faced by the investigator while conducting the research
process as doing research is not an easy task and lots of time, energy and money is required to be
used so as to arrive at a particular outcome. Therefore, investigator is required to analyse all its
activities in an effective manner so that appropriate result can be ascertained. While analysing
the research, the investigator will come to know about all the problems that are coming in their
way or may come in future. Through this, all the tasks are also directed in an appropriate manner.
So, it is also recommended that a written plan can also be prepared so that it is known that all the
activities are being conducted in an effective manner.
So, while opening their website lots of issues were being faced by the team as they were
not having much knowledge about digital technologies so using them was a difficult task. Also,
the cost that was associated with the project was also not appropriate as the person who was
designing the website demanded more money so more money was required and time was also
much taken for preparing the whole website then expected. After coating this, another major
problem that came in their way was the language barrier while collecting the data from the
sample respondents.
19

CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that it is highly essential for carrying out the
research within the business activities which directly helps in making the functions work in
effective manner. By this kind of data regarding the people for the products and services of the
company which is being obtained. This in turn provides help in executing the proper decision fir
the process of business which mainly leads to get growth and success within the firm. Innovating
the idea helps in enhancing the techniques so that this can provide quality services to the
customers as per the needs and desires.
20

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alreemy, Z. and et. al., 2016. Critical success factors (CSFs) for information technology
governance (ITG). International Journal of Information Management. 36(6). pp.907-
916.
Conforto, E. C. and Amaral, D. C., 2016. Agile project management and stage-gate model—A
hybrid framework for technology-based companies. Journal of Engineering and
Technology Management. 40. pp.1-14.
Kasemsap, K., 2016. The roles of information technology and knowledge management in project
management metrics. Project Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and
Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. p.229.
Langer, A. M., 2017. Information Technology and Organizational Learning: Managing
Behavioral Change in the Digital Age. CRC Press.
Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education
India.
Liebowitz, J. and Frank, M. eds., 2016. Knowledge management and e-learning. CRC press.
Lientz, B. and Rea, K., 2016. Breakthrough technology project management. Routledge.
Nambisan, S. and et. al., 2017. Digital innovation management: Reinventing innovation
management research in a digital world. Mis Quarterly. 41(1).
Navimipour, N. J. and Soltani, Z., 2016. The impact of cost, technology acceptance and
employees' satisfaction on the effectiveness of the electronic customer relationship
management systems. Computers in Human Behavior. 55. pp.1052-1066.
Nelson, R. and Staggers, N., 2016. Health Informatics-E-Book: An Interprofessional Approach.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016. The strategic management of information systems: Building a
digital strategy. John Wiley & Sons.
Ross, D. F., 2016. Introduction to e-supply chain management: engaging technology to build
market-winning business partnerships. CRC Press.
Schwab, K., 2017. The fourth industrial revolution. Crown Business.
Turban, E. and et. al., 2017. Electronic Commerce 2018: A Managerial and Social Networks
Perspective. Springer.
vom Brocke, J., Zelt, S. and Schmiedel, T., 2016. On the role of context in business process
management. International Journal of Information Management. 36(3). pp.486-495.
Yeoh, W. and Popovič, A., 2016. Extending the understanding of critical success factors for
implementing business intelligence systems. Journal of the Association for Information
Science and Technology. 67(1). pp.134-147.
Zou, Y., Kiviniemi, A. and Jones, S. W., 2017. A review of risk management through BIM and
BIM-related technologies. Safety science. 97. pp.88-98.
Online
Introducing Research Methods. 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/research-methods.html>.
21

22