History and Success of Manchester United Football Club

This dissertation explores the history and success of Manchester United Football Club, including their record-breaking number of trophies, rivalries, and the reasons behind their success. The research aims to identify the history of the club, determine the reasons behind their success, and discern their current standing in world football. The literature review discusses the success of the club before and after the Munich air disaster, the impact of Sir Alex Ferguson's management, and the club's financial performance.

Dissertation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Overview of the topic.............................................................................................................3
Background of the association................................................................................................4
Research aim and objectives .................................................................................................5
Research questions ................................................................................................................5
Research rationale..................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................7
Introduction............................................................................................................................7
To determine the reasons behind success of Manchester United Football Club....................7
Current standing of Manchester United Football Club in world football..............................9
To identify the history of Manchester United Football Club...............................................11
Conclusion............................................................................................................................13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................15
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................20
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................27
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................28

INTRODUCTION
Overview of the topic
Manchester United Football Club was established in 1878 by Newton Heath LYR
Football club. and the manager of team is Ralf Rangnick. The nickname of team is The Red
Devils. They have won various trophies as compare to other English team with record 20 league
titles, five league cups, 12 FA Cups and record 21 FA Community Shields. Manchester United
have won three European Cups, one UEFA Cup winners cup, one UEFA Europa League, one
UEFA Super cup, one FIFA World cup and one Intercontinental cup. The team was also become
first in the history of English Football in order to gain continental European treble. In 2016-17,
they have win UEFA Europa League due to which they have become one of the five clubs to
won three main UEFA trophies. In 1958, the eight players of Manchester United have claimed
the lives in Munich air disaster. Later Mat Busby become the manager of Manchester United and
become first English Football club by winning European cup. Under the management of Alex
Ferguson they have won 38 trophies, 13 premier league titles, 2 UEFA champions league and 5
FA Cups. The team become one of the corroborated football clubs in the world and also they
have several rivalries such as Manchester city, Leeds United, Arsenal and Liverpool. The team
was also become one of the highest earning football club with an annual revenue of €676.3
million. In 2109, Manchester United have become third most valuable football club. The team
has always been so controversial after they get entered into Football League in 1892 and they
also get bankrupted in 1902. Manchester United had enjoyed various league and cup success and
also they have win First Division Championship in 1908 and 1911. During the Second World
war, the club faced crisis as Old trafford gets badly ruined by German Bombing raids. The team
and stadium gets rebuild. They have appointed a manager after the crisis, Matt Busby, he gained
immediate success by winning FA Cup in 1948. He has controlled the management in effective
and smooth manner and also at unusual situation he select the teams normally. Busby started to
breakdown his management protocols and took a revolutionary step by asking employees
opinions, consulting the team about decision and also participating in management decision.
When the team win championship, they have rebuild the team with younger players. Manchester
United have talented youth due to which they have won league in 1956 and 1957. In 1971,
Busby gives his position and later the manager was Sir Ales Ferguson. He has paid a lot of

attention in order to develop the policy related to youth so that they can grow their talent in
house. He also owned world record of longest time spent in football club. Sir Ales Ferguson
manage their team with strict disciplinarian which is one of the key ingredient for their success.
In 2013, he announced his retirement as a manager of Football club but remained as an
ambassador and director.
Background of the association
Manchester United Football Club was initiated in the year of 1878 by Newton Heath
LYR Football club managed by Ralf Rangnick. The nickname of the team is Red Devils due to
their red jersey. The club has won various titles in comparison to any other English team such as
20 league titles, five league cups and 21 FA community shields. The team is also known as the
one who won Continental European Treble. In the year of 2016-17 they have won UEFA Europa
League and this is the major reason that the club has become one of he five club to win UEFA
trophies. In the year of 1958 the prominent eight players of Manchester United have claimed
their life in Munich air disaster. Later Mat Busby has become the manager for Manchester
United and known as the first football club by winning European cup. Under the managerial
functions of Alex Ferguson the club has won 38 trophies, 13 premier leagues and 5 FA cups. The
team has become one in supported football club within the world football such as Manchester
city, Leeds United, Arsenal and Liverpool. The team is regarded as one of the highest earning
team with revenue of €676.3 million. In the year of 2019, Manchester United have become the
most valuable football club around the world. The team also faced various controversies as after
they get entry in Football League 1892 but at the same time they get bankrupted in the year of
1902. Manchester United has won various league in which they won their first Division
Championship in 1908 and 1911. During the second world war the club had faced such crisis as
Old trafford which was get badly damaged by German Bombing raids. The team stadium needed
to be rebuild in which crisis manager was appointed so that this situation can be dealt in
significant manner. After that the team got success after winning the cup in the year of 1948.
Busby controlled the management of the club in effective manner and this is an unusual situation
for the team. Busby has started to break various managerial protocols in which revolutionary
steps are taken by him in order to lead the team. As the team win some championship the team is
rebuild with various young players (Horrocks and et. al, 2016). Manchester United is associated
with talented people and this is the reason that the league won the matches in 1956 and 1957. In

the year of 1971, Busby gives their position to the manager Sir Ales Ferguson. He has paid
higher attention to policies and growing significant talent within house. He also owned the
longest time spent within football club in which sir Ferguson managed the team in which various
strict disciplinarian are being followed.
Research aim and objectives
Main aim of the current research is “to examine the history behind Manchester United
Football Club and its current standing in world football.”
Objectives
 To identify the history of Manchester United Football Club
 To determine the reasons behind success of Manchester United Football Club
 To discern the current standing of Manchester United Football Club in world football
Research questions
 What is the history of Manchester United Football Club?
 What are the reasons behind success of Manchester United Football Club?
 What is the current standing of Manchester United Football Club in world football?
Research rationale
The rationale behind current research is related with examining the reasons for which
Manchester United is regarded as one of the major team within the world. This is seen that
Manchester United is the team is significantly increasing day by day and including talented
people as well. In the terms of Manchester United the team is known in the world and at the
same time they have supporter from around the world irrespective of their nationality and
background. The major objective within this research is to obtain such reasons due to which
Manchester is regarded as one of the wealthiest team. Besides this Manchester has set to be
talented players in their teams and this is why the club is winning most of their matches. Fan
following of Manchester is high as all the team members are associated with significant tactics to
play games. On the other hand the research is related with dual perspective such as personal and
professional. In terms of personal perspective the research is associated with gaining of such
knowledge in which skills and capabilities can be enhanced. Similarly these are the aspects
which are related with giving such reasons in which they can execute various researches in

significant manner. In terms of personal perspective the research will lead into gaining such
knowledge in which researcher may develop their interest in football.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
A literature review is regarded as an overview of the old published works on some
specific topic. The term is referred as the full scholarly section in which various articles and
books are used. It is collected through analysing books and articles and this helps the company in
developing more profits and gaining true advantage of the company process. This is helpful for
development of the research objectives and aims and resulting in getting reliable information.
Further, it is helpful in making organisational objectives and it is collected by getting in depth
information about a topic. Within this research, researcher is conducting research on a topic of
examine the history behind Manchester United Football Club and its current standing in world
football institutions. This brings true and valid information about a particular topic. This helps in
gaining more reliable information. It is developing of the more options and a literature review is
associated with providing the researcher and the audiences with a general image of the existing
knowledge on the topic under question.
To determine the reasons behind success of Manchester United Football Club
As per the viewpoint of Morrow, (2016),Manchester United Football Club is one of the
professional football club that focuses on competing in Premier League. In 1878, the club was
founded as Newton Health LYR Football club, later the name was changed in 1902 as
Manchester United. They have won more trophies as any other football team. In 2016-17,
Manchester United was considered as highest earning football club. There are various rivalries of
Manchester United such as Leeds United, Manchester City, Arsenal and Liverpool. The
capability of Manchester United is attributed to Matt Busby's reconstruction of team and also
they gain attainment by following the Munich air disaster. Football is considered as one of the
big industry with an excellent laboratory for studying succession possibilities of the teams.
American football has less levelling of informant between the clubs whereas English Football is
highly competitive in Market. Football is so large industry in terms of studying business in its
own precise like tourism and computer industry. There are several books which were published
on football but there is no systematic structure of the industry in terms of business. In 1990's,
Manchester United becomes one of the most successful English Football Club. They have won
four of the six titles in the foundation of Premier League in 1992 and also been runner-up on

other two occasion. Manchester United has won FA cup twice and become runner-up.
Manchester United Football Club is successful club in terms of finance and generated the income
of £249m between 1992 and 1997. In football industry, this performance is very effective and
good as compare to other club. Most of the clubs in football industry has reported pre-tax loss
due to which the performance of Manchester United Football club is good. In 1998, broadcaster
BSkyB's offer £624m in order to buy the club. The reason behind the success of Manchester
United success is that they manage the money while winning. Manchester United Football club
gain success before 1958 when Munich Airplane crash. In 1945, Mat Busby becomes the
manager of United Manchester after soccer resumed following World War II. In 1948, he gained
the victory in FA club and also won first division in 1952. Manchester United become one of the
first English team in order to compete in European Cup. In 1958, the team was flying back from
European Cup quarterly victory against Red Star Belgrade. In aircraft there was Manchester
United players, journalists and other officials which were obstructed in Munich due to failed
take-off attempt. In that scene twenty out of 44 died in aircraft and also three more get died in
Munich hospital. Busby was injured badly in crash due to which he received last rites twice but
he survived and wanted to quit the manager's job. His career also came to over 10 years after
Munich crash. In 1968, United Manchester had reached to European Cup Final and also played
the game in front of several spectators. Bobby Charlton has scored for the team in second half of
the game but later Jaime Graca equalised for Benfica. Finally, in the last 100th minute of the
game, the two survivors of Munich game were scored second and also they have gained victory
for Manchester United for the first time in European Cup. It was the historic moment for the
people despite of the injuries, the team members played well and give their best efforts in
winning the trophy. Manchester United is the biggest club as in Premier League they have
created biggest turnover in revenue as compared to other leagues because there team players
have played the game with great level of intensity. Later the history was created by Ales
Ferguson as he become one of the successful manager in Manchester United (Dey 2017).
Manchester United has dominated the league at the club due to Sir Alex Ferguson's and it was
the extended time which were spent in football club in 25 years. Sir Alex Ferguson's is a
legendary manager as he has achieved what other football manager has dreamed to live and also
his records have painted vivid pictures for everyone. In 1986, Sir Alex Ferguson's has joined the
club and also they have gained amazing average of one title all two season. One of the reason for

the success of Manchester United Football club is Sir Alex Ferguson's tactical proficiency as he
has a great knowledge and also knows the right tactic to use in order to gain success in premier.
Some of the sports journalist said that Sir Alex Ferguson's was most successful professional
football sports manager in world. During the globalisation of football, The regions outside the
UK has started hearing the name United and watch their matches rather than watching matches
of Liverpool, Chelsea and Arsenal. Members of Manchester include Nobby Stiles, Booby
Charlton, George Best and Denis Law. The success of Manchester is contingent which is driven
by good and bad fortune. They have also contributed in the transformation of football and also
they have an ability to make high profit. The success of Manchester United Kingdom is because
of its undisputed discipline and respect which they have gained across the world. They are most
prestigious, feared and respected teams due to their performance in pitch throughout the years
(Turner, 2017). The squad depth of Manchester United Football Club is considered as one of the
biggest in premier league as the team has quality players in every position. Sir Alex Ferguson's
mainly uses Lucky dip in order to pick the midfielders for starting each match as the players
position were so massive. Manchester United stands strong in games as they have good character
and resilience. At the end of 2002-03, Manchester United has won eighth premier league title
and also reached to final of league cup and quarter-finals of the champions league. They have
gained respect due to their league title won but Chelsea still holds one of the best record for
defence in premier league.
Current standing of Manchester United Football Club in world football
According to Maglio and Rey (2017), Manchester United in full is regarded as
Manchester United FC bynames Man U and Red Devils which is an English professional football
team based in Manchester, England. The name The Red Devils due to their red jerseys and this is
one of the richest football team which is supported by not only England but also from the entire
world. The club has got victory the English top-division league championship a record of 20
times and the Football Association Cup up to 12 times. Manchester has been controlled by two
long service managers. Manchester United is far-famed for their youth team program and they
are generating various home-grown player which is one of the prominent identity of this club.
At the age of Beckham won a football contest and this helped the team to grow and deal with
league championship. Manchester United is one of the esteemed and fearfulness team in the
world of football. The club has received the privilege of gaining higher performance by their

team members. The club is accoladed by their team members such as David Beckham, Paul
Scholes and many others. The team is gaining prominence by every passing year which is one of
the positive aspect for the team and would be helpful in developing the team in future generation
as well. There are various reasons due to which Manchester Football club is gaining huge
standing in the current time as well and some of them are elaborated as under:
Inclusion of Sir Alex Ferguson's tactical proficiency: Sir Alex Ferguson was associated in
Manchester United and this way the club is having appropriate tactic plans within their playing
aspects. He always used his tactical ingenuity so that to provide strength to team members as Sir
Alex is writing each and every action on drawing board (Brechot and Flepp, 2020). Sir is always
dependent on calibre of their team members and this way their football association is getting
higher market prominence.
Depth and quality performance: Manchester United is regarded as one of the biggest premier
league which is filled by quality performance of their team members. Team members within the
association is highly dedicated towards their team and lead to develop a reason for current
existence of the club.
Character and resilience: In Manchester United plays strong game and along with this the
association is keeping high resilience which helps them to minimise number of odds against
them. The club had various negative times but with the help of their resilience they came back
into the game and won such league matches. This comeback is due to resilience of the team and
this is the reason of current standing of the association on world stage.
Respect from other teams: The team is getting high respect from other teams which means that
the association is having much attention from other teams as well. This way the association is
having prominent image among football club and giving the team higher edge to acquire more
fan following. This is used by the association in order to develop their brand image in significant
manner (Kennedy and Kennedy, 2016).
Blend of youth and experience: Experience is regarded as the key factor in which the
Manchester Football club is valuing efforts of their team members and coach as well. The team
is hanging onto the old experiences and using the same into youth so that to reach out to the
objective associated with the club. Ryan Giggs was included in the premier league from past 12
seasons but Fergie still use them in order to influence the team and pass significant message
within the young team squad.

Dominance by league titles: The traditional top four teams are holding various records such as
bragging rights and many others but Manchester United has the decent one out of all others. This
record is invincibly going through with developing the game in such a manner that they are
setting up various unbreakable records.
The success of Manchester United is due to the team's undisputed and disciplined
behaviour and this is giving higher prominence to the club. The squad depth of Manchester is
considered as one of the most depth team and this way the team is performing well in past years
as well. Sir Lucky Ferguson is using Lucky dip so that to pick midfielders in order to start each
of the match as the position of players are massive. The team also regarded as number one team
in the history of English football to get the title of continental football table. In the year of 2016-
2017 the club has won the UEFA Europa league by which the association has become one out of
five clubs those have won three major UEFA trophies. There are numerous books which was
published by taking football as their matter of subject but there is no systematic structure which
was given within the books. In the terms of Football measuring performance from other teams is
leading to developing effective team performance (Chanavat and Desbordes, 2017). Manchester
United is considered as the biggest club as a Premier league in which greatest turnover is created
as in comparison to other league teams and this is due to level of intensity shown by their
players. The success of Manchester is contingent which is dependent on several good and bad
factors which are leading the team to manage their fortune. The team has become one of the
highest gross earning football club with an annual revenue of €676.3 million. In the year of 2019
the club has become third valuable football club in the world.
To identify the history of Manchester United Football Club
According to Torchia (2020), Manchester united football club was established in 1878.
Earlier the name of the club is Newton health LYR football club, but in 1902 it was renamed as
Manchester united F.C. This club is a professional football club and is suited in Old Trafford,
Greater Manchester. The club has received many trophies than any other English football clubs.
The club is also known as Red devils. It is one of the team that fights in the Premier league. In
short it is also known as Man united. The Co Chairmen of the ball association is Joel and Avram
Glazer. The club ha received a record of 20 titles in a leagues, 12 FA cups, 5 leagues and 21 FA
community shields. Manchester united football has also won 3 European Cups and UEFA
champions Leagues and One UEFA super cup. In 1998-99 the association has achieved the first

Continental European Treble. In the year 2016- 2017 the club gas won the UEFA Europa League
and after that they has listed in the top five association to win all the three major UEFA club
competitions.
When the club was formed than in the that time they compete with other department and
railway companies but after some time on 20 Nov 1880 they for the first time compete with
officially match. The won the dress with the colour of Green and gold which is similar like the
railway company. The club has played with Bolton Wanderers and defeated by 6-0. After the
eight years the team has becomes the origination unit of a regional Football league that is the
Collection. After some time the originating has been dissolved and at that time they only play
one match and then they joined a newly settled Football alliance (Numerato, 2018). The alliance
has played only three sessions and after they merged with the Football league. After being
integrated in 1892 to 1893 the club ranked in first season and they officially become
independent. This result in dropping the “LYR” from their name. One of the biggest tragedy
happen in 1958 when an air plane had been crashed and in that there eight players was dead. In
1986 the association has appointed there first manger that is Sir Alex Ferguson. In the year 1990
they association has won their first FA cup (Ghosh, 2018). From that day till now the Manchester
football club is still ranking high and it at the peak of Success. When they won their First FIFA
world cup from that time they are known as the most roughest and a successful team in England.
In 1968 the man united has won the title of European Cup and they was the first English team
who beat Benfica by 4-1. the team ha the three most talented Footballer at that time that is
Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best. Then in the next in the year 1968 an
Intercontinental Cup was announced and the company has participated in that. In this tournament
the association fight with Estudiantes of Argentina (James, 2020).
In that league they were a tie but the club has lost after the tie. At that time the coach of
the association was Busby but he resigned in 1969 and then Wilf Mc Guinness assigned as a new
coach for the united Manchester club. In June 1971 another manger was appointed by them that
is Frank O'Farrell but he lasted for only 18 months and in 1972 a replacement is made by
Tommy Docherty. For the very first time the club won a promotion and then they reached to the
finale of FA cup In 1976, but the association doesn't won the tournament and was lost by
Southampton. In the year 1977 they again reached the finals and in this time the were playing
opposite to the Liverpool and this time the score was 2-1 and they won. In 1979 they again lost

the FA Cup final and this time they were defeated by Arsenal. This defeat made the Sexton the
coach to dismiss their position even after they win Seven matches. In 1983 and 1985 the
Manchester football club beat with their toughest competitor Liverpool and they won 1983
Charity Shield. Year 1985 and 1986 after 13 wins and the two draws then two the club has
ranked in fourth place. In 2012 season , one of their excellent team manger Sir Alex Ferguson
retired but still a very vital member of the tournament as he become the director Manchester
United FC (Casal and et. al., 2019). During the year 2013 and 2014 David Moyes was the
manger at that time. On 19 may 2014, Louis Van Gaal was appointed as the fresh team manger
in a contract basis for three years. Louis van is one of the best footballer for more than 20 years
and in this time period Gaal has secured many domestic titles and cups in three countries. Many
trophies are also won by him such that UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Cup, an
Intercontinental Cup, two UEFA Super Cups and domestic Super Cups in Holland and Germany.
In today's time the team is such a renowned name that many youth of UK want to play in that
team (Jaworska, 2020). The team has picked up so many youth to and know they are playing for
the club, one of the name is David Beckham. There are so many best player which are so known
some of them are Wayne Rooney, Rio Ferdinand, Eric Cantona and Cristiano Ronaldo. In recent
year 2021 on 18 April the football has announced that they will be joining 11 other association of
European. In 2021 and 2022 they were ranked in number seventh position in the Premier League.
From the year 2012 the company is listed in the New york stock market exchange but all the
shares of the association was purchased by the Glazer family and they contain all the rights of
the club. The association was fully owned and control by them after that year (Wilson, 2018).
Conclusion
From the above literature review it is being concluded that Manchester United is the team
is importantly increasing day by day and consider talented people as well. In football industry,
this performance is very effectual and good as compare to other club. Most of the clubs in
football business has reported pre-tax loss due to which the show of Manchester United Football
club is cracking. Manchester United is the large club as in Premier League they have created
sizable turnover in receipts as compared to other leagues because there team players have played
the game with great level of intensity. There are current standing of Manchester United Football
Club in world football which are Inclusion of Sir Alex Ferguson's tactical proficiency, Depth and
quality performance, Character and resilience, Respect from other teams, Blend of youth and

experience. Manchester United is considered as the biggest club as a Premier league in which
greatest turnover is created as in comparing to other league teams and this is due to even of
strength shown by their participant. The happening of Manchester is possible which is helpless
on respective good and bad cause which are major the team to succeed their fortune. Many
award are also won by him such that UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Cup, an
Intercontinental Cup, two UEFA Super Cups and domestic Super Cups in Holland and Germany.
The team has picked up so many young person to and know they are action for the club, one of
the name is David Beckham.There are so many best player which are so known some of them are
Wayne Rooney, Rio Ferdinand, Eric Cantona and Cristiano Ronaldo. From the above, it is being
concluded that institution is listed in the New york stock market conversation but all the shares
of the organization was acquisition by the Glazer family and they incorporate all the rights of the
club. The organization was fully owned and power by them after that year.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This section within research project is associated with examining information related
with research topic so that investigation can be undertaken in systematic manner which leads into
attaining of research objectives (Tayebi Abolhasani, 2019). This is regarded as the crucial step in
which investigator may use different research methodologies in order to conduct the study in
systematic manner. Research methodology is associated with application of systematic procedure
in which identification, analysis and data interpretation can be executed (Cazeaux, 2017). Under
the current research, researcher is going to use research onion framework so that to manage the
research in step by step manner. In this context research onion framework is elaborated as
under:
Research philosophy: This is regarded as foremost layer in research onion and this is
holding high degree of importance. This is defined as the set of beliefs and principle in which
related information within the topic can be collected (Novikov and Novikov, 2019). With the
help of research philosophy assumptions related with research can be established and in the same
manner conclusive remarks can be drawn. This is included with nature of knowledge and helps
the researcher in differentiating objectives in such a manner that goals and objectives can be
attained. Research philosophy is divided into three types such as ontology, epistemology and
axiology. Ontology research philosophy is connected with examination of reality nature in which

surroundings and society. Epistemology is considered as more scientific philosophy in which
information can be found out in which without any doubt information related with research topic
can be validated (Busico and et. al., 2016). Epistemology is further divided into three types such
as positivism, interpretivism and realism. On the other side axiology is all about learning
opinions and valuable affects in which analysis and process of collection can be exerted. In the
respect of current research the researcher has selected interpretivism research philosophy so that
to manage the research in systematic manner. This research philosophy is associated with
developing human action within research in which accurate picture can be demonstrated.
Research Approach:
Research approach is defined as such dimension within research onion and would be
helpful in managing the research. In other words research approach is such process and plan in
which investigation can be exerted in such a way that objectives within research can be attained.
With the help of these processes certain decisions can be taken so that researcher may be aligned
with attaining research objectives in effective manner. In this the decisions are related with
gathering of informative decisions (Malhotra, Nunan and Birks, 2017). Research approach is of
three types such as inductive, deductive and abductive. There are various types of approaches
which are used within research and would be helpful in attaining research objectives in
prominent manner. Deductive approach is associated with evaluation of gathered information so
that significant aspects can be covered. Deductive approach is followed within quantitative
research in which research can be executed in statistical manner. Abductive approach is such
method which is regarded as the mixture of inductive and deductive. Similarly inductive
approach is used in terms of qualitative methods as this approach helps the researcher in gaining
in-depth data (Oliva, 2019). Under the current research, inductive approach is followed as the
research is executed in qualitative manner. With the help of inductive research approach meaning
can be taken out from gathered information.
Research Strategy:
Research strategy is defined as the process which is used by the investigator in order to
focus over research work. With the help of research strategy authentic and reliable information
can be gathered and at the same time research can be executed in appropriate manner. Research
strategy is divided into various types such as action research, grounded theory, survey, case
study, systematic literature review and many more (Barlow and et. al., 2017). In the context of

existing research, investigator has chosen systematic literature review in order to manage the
research and to align research with qualitative methods. This is one of the research strategy by
which researcher is able to gather reliable information and manage the research in specific
manner. This is the strategy which is used by researcher in order to carry out research in in-depth
manner. This method is highly effective in nature and could assist the researcher in attaining
research targets (Vass, Rigby and Payne, 2017). Hence with the help of systematic literature
review effective and efficient information can be gathered and at the same in relevant manner
research can be executed.
Research Choice:
Research choice is regarded as one of the major research methodology in which choice is
made by researcher in order to develop the research. There are two major types of research
choice such as quantitative and qualitative. Research choice is having great significance in
achieving objectives within dissertation in which appropriate information related with research
topic (Johnson and Muse, 2017). In this manner aims and objective within research can be
attained. In quantitative research choice information is gathered in statistical manner in which
using numeric results. On the other hand, qualitative research choice is related with gaining in-
depth information related with research topic so that appropriate results within research can be
attained. Under the current research, qualitative research choice is used as this is related with
gaining various opinion over research topic. Qualitative research choice is based over evaluating
information related with research topic in depth manner so that reliability and accuracy can be
maintained within research (Islam and Islam, 2020). Quantitative research choice is not selected
within current research as this research is based on reasons behind success of Manchester
football club. In this way researcher has chosen to manage the research in qualitative manner as
first hand data would not be gathered.
Data Collection:
Data collection is defined as such process in which collection, measurement and analysis
is executed by using valid techniques and plans. By using different valid and standard techniques
data can be collected. Data collection is cataegorised into two types such as primary and
secondary data collection (Meyer and Nelson, 2020). As accordance with the requirement of the
current research secondary data collection methods are used so that research can be executed in
appropriate manner. By this considering various sources content can be gathered and at the same

time research objectives can be attained. This way accurate information can be gathered which is
relevant to the research topic and would be helpful in acquiring research results. With the help of
secondary information purpose of the research can be fulfilled so that motive can be attained
(George, 2016). Secondary information is available in easy manner such as by using articles,
journals, books and other sources.
Sampling:
Sampling is defined as the process which is helpful in selecting different participants out
of whole population so that to attain aim and objectives within research. This assist the
researcher in collecting valuable data in such a manner that objectives can be aligned and at the
same time valuable results can be obtained. Sampling is such process which helps the researcher
to manage respondents within research so that valuable data can be collected. This generally
assists in finding out accurate information related with research so that in systematic manner
overall research can be executed. Sampling is the most impactful research methodology in which
different requisite population assist the researcher in gaining research objectives.
Research Ethics:
Research ethics are described as such practice and condition which is considered within
research for the major purpose to qualify research objectives (Hesse and et. al., 2019). This way
authenticity of research can be managed and in ethical manner research can be executed. With
the help of research ethics barriers within research can be minimised as ethics are followed
within research. The major research ethics within the current research is to maintain
confidentiality within research so that outcomes can be taken out in unbiased manner (Reilly,
Souder and Ranucci, 2016). The current research is associated with secondary data methods so
the other research ethics is related with gaining information from reliable sources so that
significant insight within research can be accomplished.
Time Horizon:
Time horizon is categorised as one of the significant research methodology in which time
frame is decided that to complete the research and its all activities. Time horizon is of two types
such as longitudinal and cross-sectional time horizon. In the recent research cross-sectional time
horizon is followed as this time horizon is undertaking various dimension in the research so that
research can be executed in appropriate manner (Rolison, Hanoch and Wood, 2017). In this
manner the current research can be executed in appropriate manner.

DISCUSSION
History of Manchester United Football Club
As per the accumulated piece of information from the section of literature review
through journal, articles, newspapers etc. it is determined that Manchester United Football plc
has earned a great reputation as most financially developed and successful football team of
England. Manchester United Football club is known as the first among different clubs in its club
to be listed on the London Stock Exchange. Manchester has a storied and long history and it is
popular for commercial exploits that have brought it both imitators and detractors. The high
profile and aggressive style of players continuously draw a great following at abroad as well as at
home. When workforce of the passenger car and wagon department of the Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway Company made a football club in Newton Health in the year 1878. Little did
they know they were in fact the founder fathers of what was to become the most richest and
popular club in the world. They have called their team or group Newton Health LYR and played
on an unenclosed area of wasteland in North Road. Clad in green and yellow halves, the
corporate colours of their workforce, they were called as the 'The Railwaymen'. There is a
mention of 'Newtonians' in the Manchester Guardian in the year 1882 and 'The Heathens' in the
year 1887. Earlier it was famous as 'The Heathens' before it became established and famous
nickname. The green and yellow halves had reappeared in the 1990s plethora of away kits of
United (Guzmán, Zhang and Ahmed, 2021). Earlier matches were played against another
departments of the LYR or another organisation company teams. This particular club was elected
and selected into League Division One for the 1892/93 season. This feat had coincided with a
particular name change to plain Newton Heath. This is the team that successfully established in
the year 1878.
As it was established in the year 1878, first ever official match of the Manchester United
gave outcome in a 6-0 defeat to reserve team of Bolton Wanderer. This is the circumstance
which is quite hard to believe for the fans possible today. The team has received its entry in the
First Division of the Football league in the year 1892, before relegated after two seasons. In the
year 1902, due to suffering debts the captain of team Harry Stafford had cured four local
businessmen who were attempting to will to invest £500 each in a particular club. It has created a
turn-around for this particular team and helped in formally changing their formal name to
Manchester United. They also moved on to be developed and encouraged back into the First

Division. In this they had acquainted the league title for the very first time in the year 1908.
Between the year 1922 to 1939, the club has dipped the 20th place specifically in the Second
Division particularly at united point. After the occurrence of Second World War, Matt Busby had
seized over the role of manager at the club and this has made to turn everything around.
Consistently three years in a row, Manchester United has finished second in the whole league
and finishing top in the year 1952. After fiver years, Manchester United Club has become the
first team for playing in the European Cup, attaining great 10-0 win over Anderlecht in the
tourney, a win which becomes their astronomic victory and success till date. Perhaps the most
popular point in the history of football club is also the dramatical. In the year 1958, reverting
from a European cup triumph against the team Red Star Belgrade the plane which had carried the
football officials and team got crashed while take-off from the place Munich. It has killed 23
rider and which has included eight participants. Busby had healed from all their injuries and
reconstruct the team again by 1960s by adding iconic players such as George Best and Bobby
Charlton, making his new team to win in the FA Cup in the year 1963. After five years of this,
after a series of league wins, Manchester United had won the European Cup, the very first
English team who won this title.
Busby had reconciled from the post of manager in the year 1969, located by erstwhile
player known as Will McGuinness. After hapless outcomes, Busby had came back and joined
again as manager until Tommy Docherty and Frank O'Farrell rose to the issue and challenge. As
per the brief in the 2nd Division, Docherty had negociated to bring the club back up to pace and
they again developed to win the tournament again in the year 1977 by beating Liverpool 2-1. He
was the person who had put great efforts for getting their one-time glory. The next decade had
seen a fairly nondescript period in the past of club, with second-rate outcomes yet a great spot in
the First Division. It was not until Alex Ferguson has taken the role of manager in the year 1987.
This is the glory that Manchester United holds in the current time. Under Ferguson, the very first
two seasons, this particular club had only negotiated to secure eleventh rank in the tournament.
In the year 1990, Manchester United had enjoyed a win in the FA cup and very soon they had
also won their First Cup Winner's Cup and also the UEFA Super Cup. After this in the year
1993, the team has finally won the league for the very first time after the year 1967 and this
continued to win and get success in the next season also (File, 2018).

Continued their series of glories, the club had become the very first to win 'The Treble'
in the year 1999. Alex Ferguson had lauded as one of the superior football managers in the whole
world by various aspects. End-to-end the whole adjacent decade, Manchester United had gained
several victories involving FA Cup titles and winning the Premier League many time period. The
most iconic players of this current time period, Ryan Giggs had recorded 759th quality for this
specific club in the year 2008 and which had become a record breaker. In the year 2013, this
team had also acquired their 20th league title pursuing a win to Aston Villa at home in their Old
Trafford stadium. In the year 2013, Alex Ferguson had retired and had replaced by David Moyes.
This person has stayed in the club only for nine months (Kostykevich and Mileiko, 2017). Ryan
Giggs has taken on the role as one of the player managers until Louis van Gaal had taken over in
the year 2014.
Therefore, Manchester United Football Club is the most significant football clubs and
has definitely organised a eminent content, a record of great success and a large history. They are
also jointly and adjacent with Liverpool, which is the almost developed football club in England
ever. In comparison with Liverpool, “The Red Devils” have won more national titles but the
competitors have collected more number of titles in different international tournaments.
Manchester is known as the fastest and developed growing cities in the time of Industrial
Revolution and much so due to number of workers arriving from several parts of the British
Islands (Wilson, 2018). The team had shown in the Football League for the first time in the
history in the year of 1892. After that a group of local profession had taken over the
responsibilities and roles of the club and named as Manchester United in the year 1902.
Therefore, The happening Manchester Club is great possible because it has contribution
in giving opportunity to large number of players. This is the team which has included so many
young people and one of the popular names is David Beckham. There are many best players who
have played very greatly such as Rio Ferdinand, Cristiano Ronaldo, Wayne Rooney and many
more. Hence, it is summarised that institution has listed New Year stock market conversation but
all the shares of the company was acquired by the Glazer family and they have incorporated
every right of the whole club. This is the club which was fully owned and power by them after
years. Many trophies have won by that include UEFA Champions League, an Intercontinental
Cup, two UEFA super cups and domestic super cups in Germany and Holland. In the current
time, the group is such a renowned name that many youths and know they are playing

particularly for this club. In the year 2021 and 2022, they have ranked seventh position in the
Premiere League. From the year 2012, the club got listed under the New York stock market
exchange but all the shares of the association was bought by the Glazer family and they have
contained every right of the club.
Reasons behind success of Manchester United Football Club
With the recorded data in one of the vital sections of literature review, this is analysed
that Manchester United Football Club is the most respected, prestigious and honoured teams in
the whole world of football. This club has attained an honour by their execution and
performances off and on the pitch by the years. This club has been appreciated by many legends
such as Sir Bobby Charlton and George Best, stalwarts such as David Beckham and Paul
Scholes, to the modern generation participant led by star player Wayne Rooney and Nemanja
Vidic. Alex Ferguson presently grasps the great world record for the very agelong time
exhausted in a club of football at 25 years and the wily old Scot stays evergreen in each season.
The known manager had attained all those things which football handlers or trainers dream of
living and his records had highlighted realistic and brilliant representations for everyone to look.
In the time when Sir Ferguson had united or linked this particular association in the year 1986 ,
Liverpool had attained 18 league titles (Poulton, 2017). On the other hand, Manchester United
had won only seven but the master planner had won twelve significant league titles, thereby
acquiring great average of one title every two season. Success of Manchester United is quite
interesting from the perspective of business because it has helped in managing money through
winning. Some of the common reasons that helped in the success of Manchester United Football
Club are given below:
Squad quality and depth: Squad of Manchester United is known as one of the greatest
in the Premier League and it is totally occupied up with high and superior players in each place.
Dimitar Berbatov and Michael Owen were general starters in each prior club they performed and
performed in-with the exception of Owen in Real Madrid but they are currently on the boundary.
Sir Ferguson has used luck dip whenever he wants to choose the midfielders for starting every
match due to the figure of workforce in that specific playing place is really big.
Quality and Resilience: Particularly in the last season, Manchester United Football Club
had not won the Premier league as they were the champion and foremost by a far mile, they had
won because another nineteen sides were not actually good as the association was away evidence

was very gloomy with a boatload of few defeats and draws. Moreover, Manchester United has
the quality, resilience and character for standing powerful in sports where the ratios were strictly
built against that. Manchester United had 2 significant objectives down with 10 minutes to go to
Villa Park, but objectives from Nemanja Vidic and Federico Macheda steady the tie. In simpler
words, that is what best and great players are formed of.
Perfect blend of experience and youth: Experience is one of the factors in world
football and no another league belief the experience of the contestants like the Italian Serie A.
Alex Ferguson had added generation of youth every time in Manchester United, during
depending onto the prior experienced hags to use for influencing younger champions. Edwin Van
der Sar had known as the custodian between the Manchester United and he strictly remained
with the association greatly beyond years.
Dominance by virtue of League titles won: A prior top four squad or group had
particular records they keep as big rights, but Manchester United had the successful and
presentable and worthy of them all. Chelsea held the evidence for the greatest ever defense in the
Premier League of 6 objectives yield in Stamford Bridge and 9 conceded away in first season of
Jose Mourinho at the association (Torchia, 2020).
Big name signings: Alex Ferguson is known as a decision maker who is never scared of
putting his funds where his mouth is and he formed jaw dropping movement since managing
whole club from 25 years. In the current time also, Rio Ferdinand clutches the world record for
the highest expensive center signed. Wayne Rooney has valued great chance for arriving at the
association and the transfer whole expenditure for Manchester United this particular summer. It
includes Phil Jones, Ashley Young and David de Gea could be considered by Arsene Wenger for
purchasing whole team if he requests.
Current standing of Manchester United Football Club in world football
As per the gathered information using literature review this is analysed that Man,s united
association is the most successful team which is associated with high success rate into the market
as in terms of customer and market share. Football is one the largest industry in current time
which is worth to own their rights as various other industries such as tourism or retailer. In the
1990's the Manchester united started to regarded as the most successful English football team as
the team won football association cup two times and been runner for first time. The association is
gaining success due to the reason that they know how to make money while playing games and

winning as well. The association is having higher success due to this reason and the club is
having significant financial position as well. The club is having financial success and pitch
success as well but these both concepts are not at all related with each other. The statistics of the
club is having higher increasing graph in which the performance of the club in increasing by
every passing day. When the league performance of the club is increasing then this would lead
the club to earn high profits. This is one of the confirmed case which is related with providing
benefits as in terms performance and profitability as well. There are two general principles for
the club one is to provide appropriate portion to their player and the second is to upkeep
sentiments of their followers. The market is developed so better for their teammates in which
significant relationship is maintained by the players with their supporters. The sponsorship in
football in very high and in this manner Manchester club is having various huge sponsorship
with them. This is considered as the major source of earning of the club in which the club is
attracting success. The other teams of the football is dependent on various matches that is palyed
in the club is competing intensively with their competitors so that to obtain best players and
supporters. This was the Liverpool era in which 11 titles were won by the team. This was one of
the sustained and dominated win by any football club in which position and attendance is
attained. The support was critical to be established in which the club is gaining their true position
and in the same manner crowded markets are competed with each other. Football is the game
which is having higher edge in the market so that strong tendency to rely over other aspect is
seen. But at the same time the club is somehow rationale for their supporters. This way the
similarity is being seen by the club into their matches and winning moments. Man’s FC will
always be dedicated to striking match-winning football: if they stop playing well then this will
affect their market image that they formed by playing many years. there are so many fans of the
association that chose the club and support them so much. Manchester United Football Club has
gained popularity across world and also considered as biggest football club in world. They
become popular due to their players and also their way to manage money while winning. In April
2021, the team value was $4.2B and it is controlled by glazer family. Manchester United has
avail various trophies by winning football matches such as premier league, Champions league
UEFA, FA Cup, UEFA Super cup, FIFA world cup and UEFA Europa league. 20 times they win
English top division championship and 12 times FA cups. The team generally have youth
players and also focusing on generating home-grown player. Manchester United is known for

gaining higher performance by their players. It is being identified that there are many factors
through which Manchester United is gaining success in current era such as inclusion of Sir Alex
Ferguson's tactical proficiency, depth and quality performance, character and resilience, respect
from other teams, blend of youth and experience and also dominance of league title. Manchester
United is also committed to attractive match winning football and create valuable image across
world. Sir Alex Ferguson was one of the successful manager of Manchester United as he focused
on leading the team in effective and efficient manner by using their tactical ingenuity. The main
motive of Sir Alex Ferguson was to increase the calibre level of players so that they can perform
well and get higher market prominence. The team also give quality performance due to which
they are top team in football club across world. Players of Manchester United are highly focused
and dedicated towards their game and also develop current existence of club. They have strong
character and resilience in market which helps in minimizing the negative publicity and gain
more popularity across world. But the team also face various negative issues which reduce the
performance and productivity of players. The resilience helps to come back into the game and
focus on the matches and become one of the recognized football team. Manchester United have
gained respect from other teams which makes them more stronger and also increase the image of
team. The team have blend of youth and experience due to which they able to play game
effectively and win the matches. For Manchester United, Sir Ferguson is considered as lucky
charm as due to him the team have gained so much popularity and performing well from last
years. Currently, Manchester is one of the major association and also they have great turnover as
compare to other league team. The team has faced many consequences and benefits due to which
they can become one of the popular team across world. Chelsea has create a great ever defense
record in premier league with nine conceded away in first season of Jose Mourinho at the club
and six objectives yield in Stamford Bridgesome of the football clubs had faces financial crisis
but if comparison is made between Mans United, then they are still spending huge sums on
wages whenever there is a requirement, transfers. Any business can be succeeded in this time as
they have monopoly into the market. In order to thrive into the market and competitive
environment and in the same manner exceptional club manner is judged. The major reason of
succession of Manchester united is related with creating strategic plan so that the club is having
higher prominence into the market.

CONCLUSION
From the whole gathered report it is been concluded that Football club are having
various competitors in which competitiveness is prevented by the club and this is the essential
aspect for the club to grow. Manchester has always been controversial as when they enter they
are financially bankrupted in the year 1892.. The club has enjoyed cup success in which the club
is gaining the honours. The club is dominated by various English football in which the club is
surviving to it most. The club is having various successful leaders in their team so that relaxation
is given to each team member in order to win the race. Manchester United Football team has
gained a lot of importance and had also gained great success. Specifically in the industry of
football, the performance is very great in comparison of any other clubs. There are many clubs in
the business of football had reported many pre-tax loss through which the show of Manchester
United Football is cracking. This club has created great turnover in receipts in comparison of
other leagues because their team players had played the game with high level of intensity.
Manchester United is known as the biggest clubs as a Premier league in which greatest turnover
is formed in comparison of other league teams. The strength of Manchester is given to Busby
and their ability to rebuild the team as this helped the club to gain success and equalise their
market position. Manchester United has taken the whole league by storming various seasons and
winning such title of champions. The team is continued with managing their efforts in such a
manner that they can retain their title and known as world champions for the future coming
years.

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