Financial Management for Organisations

This assignment delves into the crucial aspects of financial management within organisations. It requires a thorough analysis of financial resources, operational costs, and management strategies for growth and development. Key areas covered include viability assessments of capital projects, financial projections analysis, sources of finance, cash flow forecasting, cost analysis, and ratio analysis to evaluate an organisation's financial health.

MANGING FINANCIAL
RESOURCES AND DECISION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Range of sources of finance available to build and expand XYZ Ltd..................................1
1.2 Implications of legal, financial and dilution of control with in the organisation..................1
1.3 Benefits of finance for the expansion project.......................................................................2
2.1 Evaluation of the cost of chosen sources of finance for the expansion project....................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
2.2 importance of financial planning in success of business......................................................2
3.1 Cash flow forecast for the business project...........................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
3.2 cost analysis to determine margin and price structure..........................................................4
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
3.3 Analysis of Investment option..............................................................................................5
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................7
2.3 Type of information needs for each decision maker in organisational context....................7
2.4 Explain the impact of finance (bank loan and investments) on the financial statements......7
4.1 & 4.2 Purpose of income statements and the balance sheet with comparison between
different formats of financial statements.....................................................................................8
4.3 Calculation of accounting ratios to determine the financial performance of business..........8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Management of Financial resources is the key functional area in managerial terms. This is
one of the important and crucial aspect in terms of managing financial resources with effective
decision making strategies (Zapata and Hall, 2012). In this report, opportunities to develop
techniques to create and present useful information for make effective business decisions are
defined explained. Availability of resources in terms of generating funds for finance defined in
this context. Type of financial information which are used to make strategies and plans are
defined in this context. Planing and budgeting process illustrated by practical overview of
business equations. How effective financial decision assist organisational structure to sustainable
growth and development elaborated in this context.
TASK 1
1.1 Range of sources of finance available to build and expand XYZ Ltd
There are type of financial resources are found in respect of generating financial
requirement with in the organisation. Main financial resources subject to generating finance are
defined as follows:
Owner's capital: owners of organisation contributes funds by their own. This is one of
the cost effective source of funding with in the organisation. Business need not to pay any further
cost to external parties. Owner's keep significant share in profit in exchange of their contribution.
Loans: this is one of the external source of funding which fulfil the short term and long
term requirement of finance with in the organisation. Company has to pay interest on the loan
amount for a specific rate of interest. Short term loans contains high rate of interest and long
terms loans contains low rate of interest (Yang and Wong, 2012).
Retain earnings: this source of fund is considered as internal source of funding subject
to fulfil the financial requirement with in the organisation.
1.2 Implications of legal, financial and dilution of control with in the organisation
Legal financial terms are used to analyse the sustainability of projects and investment.
Financial sources are required to set of implications. Which are required to analyse the aspect in
terms of analysing the comparability of projects and investment. Debt financing and loans are
the sources of funding which contains lots of legal terms and procedures. Organisation has to
face lots of legal formalities and aspects in terms of repayment and payback of loans and interest.
1

All the legal terms and formats are required to analysed before adopting the finance
source form market. It is required to read all the related documents and papers related to loans
and bonds. Thirty party investments also bound the organisation subject to repayment of loans
and debts. So it is required that organisation need to understand legal dimensions subject to
repayment of loans.
1.3 Benefits of finance for the expansion project
As per analysis of financial resources subject to expansion plan in respect of XYZ Ltd, it
is suggested that loan is considered as options for investment. There are some benefits of loans
and short terms debts are defined below.
Advantages of long term loans: long term loans and debts fulfil long term financial
requirement of organisation. This is one of the beneficial financial resource because interest rates
remain low on long term loans and advances (Witt, Brooke and Buckley, 2013).
Advantages of short term loans: these are the type of financial resources which fulfil
the sort term financial requirement of organisation. Duration of short term loans do not more
than three years.
2.1 Evaluation of the cost of chosen sources of finance for the expansion project
It is seen that the cost of different source of finance remain associated with cost of
expansion plan and project;
Cost of debts and loans: organisation has to pay an specific amount of interest upon
loans and advances. It is required to analyse the cost of operations and advances subject to
determine the cost of long term debts and loans. There is an annual rate of interest is mentioned
upon loans and advances which is considered as cost of financial resources.
Opportunity cost: the cost of losing the existing investment option to choose better
alternative is called as opportunity cost. In other words if an organisation opts a better investment
plans with its existing one, than the difference between the amount of new plan and existing plan
is called as opportunity cost (Spenceleym, 2012).
TASK 2
2.2 importance of financial planning in success of business
REPORT
To Finance manager
2

XYZ Ltd.
Subject: Importance of financial planing
Financial planing is becoming most crucial and important aspect in terms of evaluating
financial plans and investment option. Financial forecast and estimation helps to analyse the
sustainability and transparency of investment plans and options. With the help of financial
planing income and expenditures can be managed in effective manner. Cash flow projection
also made with the help of analysing further requirement of cash inflows for operating functions
of business. This basically helps to analyse the capital requirement at initial level which remain
associated with analysing the capital requirement for new projects. Financial planing is a
process which basically helps to sort out the plans and reduce the complexities of financial
decisions.
Financial plan assist the managers to make appropriate strategies and plans as well as align the
departments and functions of organisation in single format. Evaluating capital requirements and
evaluating capital structure are key criteria which are considered in financial planing. This
process defines that how much capital is required to pursue and assist the structure of
organisation. More over finance plans helps to sort out plans and analysing the sustainability of
projects.
3.1 Cash flow forecast for the business project
Cash flow forecast: this is considered as an estimation in respect of analysing the further
cash requirement in terms of analysing the further cash requirement and needs. With the help of
cash forecast managers and accountants be able to identify the cash requirement and analyse the
requirement of cash for future events and transactions (Rodríguez,Williams and Hall, 2014). It
usually covers the the duration of maximum of 12 months. Cash flow projection provides a vast
overview and aspects in terms of analysing the sustainability and project life cycle for upcoming
events.
There is a cash flow forecast is prepared in respect of XYZ Ltd. There is an allocation of
£50,000 for a new project which is need to start in June 2017. the fund is proposed for
introducing direct usage. Cost of raw material was calculated as £65000 which was not paid till
July, 2017. there are estimated cash flows are given below in respect of June, July, August and
September.
3

Particulars June July August September
Opening balance 50000 76500 113000 124500
Cash sales 30000 30000 30000 30000
Credit sales 10000 10000 10000
Total inflow 80000 116500 153000 164500
Payment to suppliers - - -25000 -25000
Overheads -3500 -3500 -3500 -3500
Total outflow -3500 -3500 -28500 -28500
Cash at the end of
month 76500 113000 124500 136000
As per above cash flow forecast it is seen that cash at the end of months are as follows;
£76500 for the month of June, £113000 for the month of July, £124500 for the month of August,
£136000 for the month of September. There are some essential aspects are covered in this
context subject to make cash flow forecast for the subsiding months. Total cash inflows was
recorded as £80000 for the month of June, £116500 for the month of July, £153000 for the
month of August and £164500 for the month of September.
TASK 3
3.2 cost analysis to determine margin and price structure
Cost plus method
This is one of the technique of analysing the cost of products and services and selling
price by adding some specific margin and share which is called as mark up. Value based pricing
is considered as alternative pricing method (Loughran and McDonald, 2016). This pricing
method is basically used on government projects and contracts. This assist managers and senior
level authorities to reduce the complexity and pressure on suppliers to control direct cost and
indirect cost. This basically remain associated with analysis of cost by adding mark up
percentage.
Particular Amount
Total direct cost 90000
Total fixed cost 35000 125000
Total cost 125000
4

Add: Mark up % 18750 18750
Total cost 143750
Less: Return on capital employed (150000*10%) -15000
Net cost 128750
Unit cost method
this is one of the cost evaluating method which helps to analyse the cost of products and
services. Unit based pricing is also known as variable rate pricing subject to user pay, amount
paid for per product.
Particular Amount
Total direct cost 90000
Total fixed cost 35000 125000
Total cost 125000
Total cost 125000
Less: Return on capital employed (150000*10%) -15000
Net cost 110000
TASK 4
3.3 Analysis of Investment option
There is a capital investment plans was proposed for XYZ Ltd subject to expand the size
of business further. Organisation has two investment option, in order to set up new branch. Such
as opening new branch in North of the country and after analysing a rapid market research there
is an opportunity found in East of the country. These investment plans are defined below in
various terms.
Evaluation of North project
Year Cash inflow PV factor 5% Net Present Value
Initial
investment -250000 1 -250000
1 35000 0.9523809524 33333.33
2 100000 0.9070294785 90702.95
3 350000 0.8638375985 302343.16
5

4 65000 0.8227024748 53475.66
5 120000 0.7835261665 94023.14
Total PV 573878.24
NPV £3,23,878.24
Payback Period 2.33
IRR 31.97%
ARR 2.42
NPV: As per above analysis of business expansion plan of North project it is discovered
that net present value of the project will be £323878.24.
Payback period: Payback period for the proposed investment was calculated as
Payback period = (2 + 115000 / 350000)
= 2.33 years
IRR: Internal rate of return as per above scenario was calculated as 31.97%.
ARR: This is calculated on the basis of discounted cash flows. Actual rate of return is
computed as follows:
ARR = (2 + 125963.72 / 302343.16)
= 2.42 years
Evaluation of East project
Year Cash inflow PV factor 5% Net Present Value
Initial
investment -250000 1 -250000
0 -250000 1 -250000
1 100000 0.9523809524 95238.10
2 45000 0.9070294785 40816.33
3 60000 0.8638375985 51830.26
4 115000 0.8227024748 94610.78
5 60000 0.7835261665 47011.57
Total PV £329507.03226977
NPV £79,507.03
Payback Period 3.39
6

IRR 10.50%
ARR 3.66
NPV: As per above analysis of East project Net present value is calculated as
£329507.03.
Payback period: this is calculated on the basis of initial cash flows invested with in
capital project. It is calculated as follows;
Payback period = 3 + 45000 / 115000
= 3.39 Years
IRR: Internal rate of return is computed as 10.50%.
ARR: Actual rate of return is calculated on the basis of discounted cash inflow. ARR is
calculated as;
ARR = 3 + 62115.31 / 94610.1
= 3.66 years
As per above analysis it is recommended that the organisation should adopt the second
project which is expanding the business in East project. Net present value is more than the
capital project one.
TASK 5
2.3 Type of information needs for each decision maker in organisational context
There are types of information which remain associated with individuals, communities
and organisations (Lamberton and Lapeyre, 2011). These information remain essential in terms
of making financial plans and marketing strategies and analysing the performance of
organisation. Information which remain essential in terms of financial planning are defined as
follows;
Financial statements: Information which are collected with the help of financial
statements of organisation defines the financial performance of organisation. These information
basically helps to analyse the capital needs and fulfilling further needs of organisation.
Trend analysis: there is an analysis done respect of analysing the performance of
organisation and growth graph. As per this trend lines and fluctuations are analysed with the help
of profit earning figures and analysis (Kealy, 2014).
7

Government rates and policies: There are some information remain related to tax rates,
charges and information subject to policies. These information helps to reduce the complexity
form decision making process.
Managers be able to sort out the financial plans and complex business situations while
making market strategies.
2.4 Explain the impact of finance (bank loan and investments) on the financial statements
Bank loans and investment are two separate aspects which remain essential in terms of
improving the structure of business. These aspects are defined as follows;
Investments
Investments are considered as assets for the organisation. There is a significant amount is
introduced in to get retain in terms of profit. Investment basically helps to analyse the
sustainability of plans and enhance the income (Greenwood and Scharfstein, 2013). These are
presented in assets side of balance sheer. Return from investments are collected in the form of
interest. There are two types of basic investments are found in organisational context such as
capital investment and revenue investment. Capital investments basically helps to analyse the
long term sustainability of organisation and improve the income graph of organisation.
Loans
These are considered as an liability which is need to pay by the organisation after a
particular period of time. There are two types of loans are found in organisational context such as
short term loans and long term loans. Duration of short term loans not more than one year. This
basically fulfil short term finance requirement for the organisation. Long term loans fulfil the
long term financial requirement of organisation. Rate of interest on short term loans remain high
in comparison to long term loans. These are shown in the liability side of balance sheet.
Organisation has to pay interest on loans. Interest is debited in profit and loss account.
4.1 & 4.2 Purpose of income statements and the balance sheet with comparison between different
formats of financial statements
Purpose of income statement and balance sheet
In accordance with the financial analysis, it has been determine that income statement is
consider as one of the most important part of the company. The main objective is to provide
financial earning performance of an organisation over a particular period of time. This will guide
8

managers certain aspects which is related with total gain and loss a company is getting during the
period of time (Baxter and et. al., 2014).
Balance sheet importance:
The overall performance is being analyse by using balance sheet of an organisation. It is used to
reveal the financial position of a business for a particular period of time. By the help of this total
flow of assets and liabilities a company kept in their business in an accounting period.
Financial statements use by sole proprietors:
under this particular organisation, statements of balance sheet and profit an loss statements which
can be formed during the time.
4.3 Calculation of accounting ratios to determine the financial performance of business
Current ratio: This type of ratio is mostly being used in order to give proper suggestion
or an idea which is related to firm's capability of paying its debts and along with assets as well.
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Ratio Formula Calculation Result
Current Ratio Current assets / Current
liabilities
665000 / 367000 1.81
Acid test ratio: Its another name is liquidity ratio that helps in evaluating firm's ability
which is related to paying current liabilities through its strong or weak liquidity assets. Formula
that can be used by administrations is:
Quick ratio = (Cash + Account Receivables + Short-term investments) / Current liabilities
Ratio Formula Calculation Result
Acid test Ratio Liquid assets / Current
liabilities – bank overdraft
225000 / 150000 1.5
Return on capital employed (ROCE): This type of ratio can be considered as a
profitability ratio that helps an organisation in measuring its efficiency of generating both profit
and revenue through capital employed by considering a comparison among net operational profit
and of capital employed (Abdel-Kader, 2011). This can be concluded through:
9

ROCE = Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) / Capital Employed
Ratio Formula Calculation Result
ROCE EBIT / Capital employed 225000 / 150000 1.5
Gross profit margin: This sort of margins includes financial metric which is being
utilised in order to measure firm's financial status (Agarwal, Taffler and Brown, 2011). This can
be done through a business model that may aid in pulling out the proportion of funds that are left
among revenues after doing proper accounting of products cost that has been sold. Formula
which can be used under this is:
Gross Profit Margin= Revenue – COGS / Revenue
Ratio Formula Calculation Result
Gross profit
Margin
Gross profit / Revenues or
sales
(1000000 /
2048000)*100
48.82%
Net profit margin: A ratio is being calculated in order to pull out the percentage of
revenue that is left over after considering all the expenses from sales. This can be calculated as:
Net margin = net profit / revenue
Ratio Formula Calculation Result
Net profit
Margin
Net profit / Revenues or sales (255000 / 2500000)*100 10.20%
As per comparison of financial ratios it is analyse the the liquidity of organisation
decreased form last year. Current ratio for the year was calculated as 1.81 times which was 2:1 in
2015. acid test ratio was calculated as 1.5:1 which was equal to last year there was no difference
between the liquidity of organisation. As per analyse of gross profit margin favourable results are
found such as gross profit for the year 2015 was 40% and for the year 2016 was 48.82%. net
profit margin was calculated 10.20% for the year 2016 and 10% for the year 2015.
CONCLUSION
This report is prepared to analyse the financial planing and analysing the cost of
operation in terms of managing the financial resources. There are type of financial resources
defined in this context subject to analysing the cost of operations and management. There are
10

some essential aspects are defined in this report subject to making financial plans and strategies
for better growth and development of organisation. Viability of capital projects and analysis of
financial projections are defined in this context. Sources of finance, cash flow forecast, cost
analysis, ratio analysis for analysing the financial performance of organisation is defined in this
context.
11