The Manning cross cultures

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Manning cross cultures
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Manning cross cultures 1
Contents
Cultural Dimensions...................................................................................................................2
References................................................................................................................................10
Appendix: Literature matrix.....................................................................................................12

Manning cross cultures 2
Cultural Dimensions
Culture is depicted to impact consumer behaviour in various industries, as difference in
culture across the nations reflect the business directly at the individual level or may reflect
the relation among customer satisfaction and national culture. There have been various
studies conducted considering culture as the aspect to research (Van Kerkhoff & Pibean,
2017). The purpose of this literature reflects studying the cultural dimensions which reflect
frameworks or dimensions that are useful for understanding the cross cultural differences
among the nations. There are various theories that explain considering cross cultural
dimensions, among which one of the popular cultural dimension theory is Hofstede’s cultural
dimension theory which reflect a framework explaining the society culture and its effect on
members values, behaviour (Pan, 2019). The structure presented by this theory includes
power distance, individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance masculinity and
femininity, long-term orientation and re-student versus indulgence. The cross cultural effect
on various industries has been identified across the globe, where one of the studied industries,
which is mostly impacted by cross cultural dimensions is tourism industry. According to
Huang, S. cross culture across the nation has been impacting tourist behaviour which reflects
difficulty in measuring the values of culture for every individual. Since tourist are majorly
from another nation, studying cultural impact and cultural dimensions become very important
for the business person and industrialist (Huang & Crotts, 2019). The literature will include
major impact of cross culture in this industry considering study of all the national cultural
dimensions and analysing the data collected for visitor’s satisfaction depicting the national
culture as one of the major determinant (Wu & Zang, 2019).
Research study by long reflect the relation between cultural dimensions as presented by
Hofstede’s theoretical framework willing to influence satisfaction that reflected tourist

Manning cross cultures 3
management study of cross country sample analysis. As per the article, tourism is reflected as
a global market place where the host visitors are from various cultures visiting and may
suffer various cultural differences. This needs to be taken into account for the marketers
which have to mean unanswered or unresolved. The literature presents the national cultural
difference which reflects the relevant to the topic for various destinations and study for
tourism demand in the global context. Developing as well as developed nations reflect
increasing wealth and increase in cross-border travel due to purchasing power increment in
the nations. Some of the research present cross cultural tourism to be earlier studied through
indirect methods that his understanding of the cultures and their influence towards tourism
management which reflect more of stereotype or generalised tourism market. The research
paper reflect answering various research questions and ability to solve society some of the
problems considering the cross culture. The research question reflected the individual’s needs
to be related with another culture that is towards radical way or with equality or as per the
merit or individual achievements. Other than this the research question also reflects the
principal motivation to be studied towards the behaviour that may depict to achieve, growth
or one’s individuality to express. The research questions reflects the answer to the cross
cultural problems identified in the literature and ability to overcome the gap between the
literature and the problem-solving.
As per the literature, one of the determinants for visitor’s satisfaction and tourism industry
reflected through cultural distance. Cultural distance is one of the aspects that are reflected
from national culture which is helpful in analysing and identifying the gap among visitor’s
nation of visit that is the host nation and the resident’s nation. The study reflected use of
Hong Kong as the host nation and the sample also reflected for Australian Culture as part of
the resident’s nation. The literature has provided visitor identification, repetition of the
visitors considering average overall satisfaction from low cultural distance nations while