Work Motivation and Employee Performance: A Study on Air Service Limited in Guyana

Running head: DISSERTATION
BUSINESS PROJECT (STRM-044) draft
A study of the work motivation of employees and its effect on their performance and business
productivity Air Services Limited, Guyana
Acknowledgements
MARCH 15, 2019
UNIVERSITY OF NORHTAMPTON

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Abstract

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The aim of the research is to investigate work motivation of the employees and its impact on
their performance as well as productivity of the business organizations. Motivation at work helps
the employees in keeping them glued to their roles and responsibilities and encourage them to go
an extra mile for fulfilling the organizational goals and objectives. Having a motivated workforce
is necessary for the business organizations, as this improves employee performance and
productivity and ensures competitive advantage. Air Service Limited is the most trusted name in
the Guyana’s sky with over five decades of service in the aviation industry. The study of work
motivation and its effect on employee performance and business productivity is investigated in
respect to Air Service Limited in Guyana.
Positivism philosophy, deductive approach, descriptive design and survey research strategy has
been applied for studying the work motivation and its effect on their performance and
productivity. 117 employees of Air Services Limited of Guyana have been selected as the sample
size by using simple random probability sampling technique. Primary data collection process and
quantitative data analysis technique has been used and results have been obtaibed by undertaking
co-relation and regression analysis in SPSS software.
The co-relation analysis results indicate that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors are
strongly associated to each other, as the value obtained is .859 that is more than 0.7.
Additionally, the co-relation values between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of work
motivation and employee performance and productivity are .544 and .592. Additionally, the co-
relation values obtained supports the results derived from the regression analysis, as the value
obtained is 0.000 that is less than 0.05. This indicates that the null hypothesis is rejected and
alternate hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded from the test results that work
motivation has an impact on employee performance and business productivity.

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Table of Contents

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Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................9
1.0 Overview................................................................................................................................9
1.1 Problem statement...............................................................................................................10
1.2 Research aim........................................................................................................................11
1.3 Research objectives.............................................................................................................11
1.4 Research questions...............................................................................................................11
1.5 Research hypotheses............................................................................................................11
1.6 Research rationale................................................................................................................12
1.7 Structure of the dissertation.................................................................................................13
1.8 Summary..............................................................................................................................14
Chapter 2: Literature review..........................................................................................................16
2.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................16
2.1 Conceptual framework.........................................................................................................16
2.2 Concept of motivation.........................................................................................................17
2.3 Factors affecting motivation................................................................................................17
2.3.1 Intrinsic factors.............................................................................................................17
2.3.2 Extrinsic factors............................................................................................................21
2.4 Theories of employee motivation........................................................................................25
2.4.1 Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation.................................................................25

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2.4.2 Maslow’s theory of motivation.....................................................................................26
2.5 Model of employee motivation............................................................................................27
2.5.1 4-drive model of employee motivation.........................................................................28
2.6 Concept of employee performance and productivity...........................................................29
2.7 Factors affecting employee performance and productivity.................................................30
2.7.1 Organizational culture..................................................................................................30
2.7.2 Stress.............................................................................................................................30
2.7.3 Working relationship and environment........................................................................31
2.7.4 Training and development............................................................................................31
2.8 Challenges in ensuring work motivation for employees.....................................................32
2.9 Benefits of having work motivation....................................................................................32
2.10 Impact of motivation on employee performance and productivity...................................33
2.11 Summary............................................................................................................................33
Chapter 3: Research methodology.................................................................................................35
3.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................35
3.1 Research outline...................................................................................................................35
3.2 Research philosophy............................................................................................................36
3.2.1 Giving reasons for applying positivism philosophy.....................................................36
3.3 Research approach...............................................................................................................36
3.3.1 Giving reasons for applying deductive approach.........................................................37

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3.4 Research design...................................................................................................................37
3.4.1 Giving reasons for applying descriptive design............................................................38
3.5 Research strategy.................................................................................................................38
3.5.1 Giving reasons for applying survey research strategy..................................................39
3.6 Sampling technique and size...............................................................................................39
3.6.1 Giving reasons for applying simple random probability sampling technique..............39
3.7 Data collection process........................................................................................................40
3.7.1 Giving reasons for applying primary data collection process......................................40
3.8 Data analysis technique.......................................................................................................41
3.8.1 Giving reasons for applying quantitative data analysis technique................................41
3.9 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................41
3.10 Accessibility issues............................................................................................................42
3.11 Summary............................................................................................................................42
Chapter 4: Data analysis and evaluation of findings.....................................................................44
4.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................44
4.1 Descriptive analysis.............................................................................................................45
4.2 Inferential analysis...............................................................................................................48
4.2.1 Correlation analysis......................................................................................................48
4.2.2 Regression analysis.......................................................................................................53
4.3 Summary..............................................................................................................................58

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations...............................................................................59
5.0 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................59
5.1 Linking with objectives.......................................................................................................60
5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................62
5.3 Future scope of the study.....................................................................................................64
Appendix 1.....................................................................................................................................75
Survey questionnaire.................................................................................................................75