MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON ASSIGNMENT 2022

Running Head: MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON
MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

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Introduction:
Organismal biology, the study of organism-level ecology, function, structure and
evolution, provides a rich arena for research alone, But also plays a central role in reacting to
both ecological and evolutionary philosophical issues. Organisms link with biology, physiology
and behavior the fields of comparative genomics, evolutionary growth and phylogenetics. Here
in the given paper the life history of the two chosen extant organisms are discussed. Moreover,
the paper discusses the morphology, evolutionary biology and the phylogenetics aspect of the
extant plant and animal organism chosen. The organisms chosen for the given report is marine
phytoplankton.
Marine Phytoplankton:
Phytoplankton is also categorized as terrestrial plants as it contains chlorophyll and needs
sunlight to survive and exist. There are few phytoplankton present on the surface of the ocean,
where sunlight is penetrating the surface, becomes buoyant and floating. Phytoplankton also
needs nutrients that are inorganic in nature such as phosphates, sulphur and nitrates, to become
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The phytoplankton can be differentiated into two main groups
as such, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellates are observed to use a flagella or a whip-like
tail, to travel through the mud and their bodies are further observed to be covered with shells that
are complex in nature. Although it has been seen that the Diatoms are not dependent on the
flagella moving through water but depend on currents of ocean to fly with the help of water
instead. Phytoplankton provides food in a healthy environment for a wide variety of marine
creatures including crabs, whales, jellyfish and snails. Phytoplankton can grow out of control
when there are too many nutrients and can form harmful algal blooms (HABs). These blooms

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may contain high level compounds which are toxic having harmful effects on shellfish, fish,
birds, humans and rodents.
Morphology:
Given the broad seasonal abundance variation and the prevailing negative relationship
between S/V and GALD for each form, certain number of traits that are persistant and dominant
in nature were observed. Moreover certain morphological trends were also observed throughout
the year, which mainly indicated the influence of the adaptive strategies. Small organisms
(GALD < 15 μm), which are mainly circular in shape (such as conhalf and sph) and (ii) larger
species (GALD up to 80 μm) with elongated shapes (such as prismell, prispar and cyl). Such
basic two adaptations morphologically that coexist and allow phytoplankton to fit best within the
same taxa or across different taxa to the environmental conditions in the LoV. Without obvious
discontinuities, the seven types were disintegrated into various different sizes, so that different
shaped species represented each set. Nevertheless, not all forms were present in all size ranges,
and some forms were mostly limited to specific size ranges, most likely due to the different
adaptive strategies implemented for GALD and S / V. The LoV can be defined as a shallow
mixture of environments where there is high availability of nutrients and the water column is
also euphoric in nature with a high level attenuation. For coexistence this method selects a small
number of prevalent phenotypes. Small, unicellular nanoplanktonic algae, able to grow rapidly
and invasively when nutrients are available and water is not stratified. Similar results were
obtained for comparison of Mediterranean and coastal transitional waters. The response of
phytoplankton to the availability of light and nutrients in lakes is recognized as one of the most
important causes of intra-and inter-specific morphological diversity.