Massive MIMO Channel 1 Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 2
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Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 1
THESIS ON MASSIVE MIMO CHANNEL
Name of Author
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date
THESIS ON MASSIVE MIMO CHANNEL
Name of Author
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date
Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 2
Abstract
There has been tremendous development in the technology sector, which has
seen the growth of many wireless devices connected together. The devices are linked to
each other through wireless networks. Thus, it is necessary for these devices to have a
greater throughput in order to allow applications such as movies, real-time videos,
games as well as voice. The growth in terms of the required throughput of these devices
has as well been on the rise. This growth has sparked for a number of factors which are
related to the network capacity being insufficient and high energy consumption which
eventually results in high carbon emission.
In a nutshell, the energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency has been the major
issues. MIMO has been regarded as one of the devices which can help address these
issues due to its admirable features and characteristics. To evaluate the performance of
wireless communication networks, there are some scenarios which should be taken into
account, such as the characteristics of the signals in radio under varied environments.
The process of evaluation begins with the presentation and classification of the antenna
array configurations. These process directly affects the performance of the system as
well as its channel models.
Thereafter, the simulations measurements are presented in order to have a clear
view of the features of the massive MIMO channels. On the other hand, there are some
conditions which have to be met by the incoming wireless systems. For instance, the
incoming wireless systems should be able to serve many operators concurrently, the
consumption rate should be as low as possible and also it should have a high
Abstract
There has been tremendous development in the technology sector, which has
seen the growth of many wireless devices connected together. The devices are linked to
each other through wireless networks. Thus, it is necessary for these devices to have a
greater throughput in order to allow applications such as movies, real-time videos,
games as well as voice. The growth in terms of the required throughput of these devices
has as well been on the rise. This growth has sparked for a number of factors which are
related to the network capacity being insufficient and high energy consumption which
eventually results in high carbon emission.
In a nutshell, the energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency has been the major
issues. MIMO has been regarded as one of the devices which can help address these
issues due to its admirable features and characteristics. To evaluate the performance of
wireless communication networks, there are some scenarios which should be taken into
account, such as the characteristics of the signals in radio under varied environments.
The process of evaluation begins with the presentation and classification of the antenna
array configurations. These process directly affects the performance of the system as
well as its channel models.
Thereafter, the simulations measurements are presented in order to have a clear
view of the features of the massive MIMO channels. On the other hand, there are some
conditions which have to be met by the incoming wireless systems. For instance, the
incoming wireless systems should be able to serve many operators concurrently, the
consumption rate should be as low as possible and also it should have a high
Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 3
throughput. A number of researchers have been attracted by the MIMO technology,
which seems to be the solution for the upcoming 5G wireless networks.
There is a need to come up with an accurate model of the MIMO channels for us
to effectively evaluate its performance as well as to classifying its propagation channels.
After coming up with the model, we need to run it through a simulation tool for us to
establish some of the possible future problems or rather errors. However, one will quite
agree that the processing of a channel is one which is very complicated. In between the
transmitter-receiver pairs, a wideband channel should be established, with the
correlation issues arising.
Taking into considerations these factors, the MIMO channel models get tested
using the practical evaluation and theoretical analysis. In this research paper, the
original MIMO system will be modified a bit in order to come up with a system that has
enhanced efficiency, with regards to, the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency.
throughput. A number of researchers have been attracted by the MIMO technology,
which seems to be the solution for the upcoming 5G wireless networks.
There is a need to come up with an accurate model of the MIMO channels for us
to effectively evaluate its performance as well as to classifying its propagation channels.
After coming up with the model, we need to run it through a simulation tool for us to
establish some of the possible future problems or rather errors. However, one will quite
agree that the processing of a channel is one which is very complicated. In between the
transmitter-receiver pairs, a wideband channel should be established, with the
correlation issues arising.
Taking into considerations these factors, the MIMO channel models get tested
using the practical evaluation and theoretical analysis. In this research paper, the
original MIMO system will be modified a bit in order to come up with a system that has
enhanced efficiency, with regards to, the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency.
Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 4
Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................2
List of Figures....................................................................................7
List of Figures..............................................................................................................................7
List of Tables..............................................................................................................................8
Introduction.....................................................................................................................8
Project Motivation...................................................................................................................8
Wireless communication........................................................................................................9
Definition of Communication.............................................................................................9
1.3 MIMO overview.............................................................................................................10
1.3.1 Definition..................................................................................................................10
1.3.2 MIMO applications.................................................................................................12
1.4.1 Features of Massive MIMO.......................................................................................13
1.4.2 Comparison between Massive MIMO and other traditional wireless
communications................................................................................................................14
1.4.3 Massive MIMO Uplink and Downlink Transmission..............................................16
1.5 Thesis outline...................................................................................................................17
2 Classic MIMO Channel Model..................................................................................18
2.1 The Role of Channel Models in Communication System Development.........................18
2.2 WINNER Generic Channel Model...................................................................................20
2.2.1 Modeled parameters.................................................................................................20
2.2.2 Winner II Modeling Process....................................................................................21
2.2.2.1 Model Structure.....................................................................................................21
2.3 Cluster Delay Line Model............................................................................................22
2.3.1 Cluster Delay Line models for mobile and portable scenarios...................................23
2.3.2 Cluster Delay Line models for fixed feeder links......................................................23
Massive MIMO Channel Modeling...............................................................................24
3.2 Antenna Configuration...................................................................................................25
3.3 Channel Mode Estimation...............................................................................................27
Case scenario.....................................................................................................................28
Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................2
List of Figures....................................................................................7
List of Figures..............................................................................................................................7
List of Tables..............................................................................................................................8
Introduction.....................................................................................................................8
Project Motivation...................................................................................................................8
Wireless communication........................................................................................................9
Definition of Communication.............................................................................................9
1.3 MIMO overview.............................................................................................................10
1.3.1 Definition..................................................................................................................10
1.3.2 MIMO applications.................................................................................................12
1.4.1 Features of Massive MIMO.......................................................................................13
1.4.2 Comparison between Massive MIMO and other traditional wireless
communications................................................................................................................14
1.4.3 Massive MIMO Uplink and Downlink Transmission..............................................16
1.5 Thesis outline...................................................................................................................17
2 Classic MIMO Channel Model..................................................................................18
2.1 The Role of Channel Models in Communication System Development.........................18
2.2 WINNER Generic Channel Model...................................................................................20
2.2.1 Modeled parameters.................................................................................................20
2.2.2 Winner II Modeling Process....................................................................................21
2.2.2.1 Model Structure.....................................................................................................21
2.3 Cluster Delay Line Model............................................................................................22
2.3.1 Cluster Delay Line models for mobile and portable scenarios...................................23
2.3.2 Cluster Delay Line models for fixed feeder links......................................................23
Massive MIMO Channel Modeling...............................................................................24
3.2 Antenna Configuration...................................................................................................25
3.3 Channel Mode Estimation...............................................................................................27
Case scenario.....................................................................................................................28
Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 5
3.4 Parameters considered in the evaluation of Massive MIMO............................................29
3.4.1 Spectral efficiency.....................................................................................................29
3.4.2 Energy efficiency......................................................................................................29
3.5 Correlation Factor..........................................................................................................30
3.5.1 Definition..................................................................................................................30
3.5.2 Example of correlation impact: Exponential correlation matrix................................30
3.5.2.2 Exponential Correlation Matrix Model.................................................................32
4. METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................35
4.1 Channel modeling...........................................................................................................35
4.1.1 Network Setup...........................................................................................................35
4.1.2 Vizualization.............................................................................................................37
4.2 Simulation.......................................................................................................................38
5 Simulation of Massive MIMO............................................................................................39
5.1 Simulation configuration (diagram, scenario, parameters)...............................................40
5.1.1.2 C1 Scenario............................................................................................................40
5.2 Network layout setup........................................................................................................41
Fig 5-1: Network layout simulation output.............................................................................42
5.3 Simulation result.............................................................................................................42
5.4 Conclusion................................................................................................................46
6 Summary and Further work.................................................................................................47
6.2 Further Challenges...........................................................................................................47
References......................................................................................................................49
Appendix A: definitions................................................................................................52
3.4 Parameters considered in the evaluation of Massive MIMO............................................29
3.4.1 Spectral efficiency.....................................................................................................29
3.4.2 Energy efficiency......................................................................................................29
3.5 Correlation Factor..........................................................................................................30
3.5.1 Definition..................................................................................................................30
3.5.2 Example of correlation impact: Exponential correlation matrix................................30
3.5.2.2 Exponential Correlation Matrix Model.................................................................32
4. METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................35
4.1 Channel modeling...........................................................................................................35
4.1.1 Network Setup...........................................................................................................35
4.1.2 Vizualization.............................................................................................................37
4.2 Simulation.......................................................................................................................38
5 Simulation of Massive MIMO............................................................................................39
5.1 Simulation configuration (diagram, scenario, parameters)...............................................40
5.1.1.2 C1 Scenario............................................................................................................40
5.2 Network layout setup........................................................................................................41
Fig 5-1: Network layout simulation output.............................................................................42
5.3 Simulation result.............................................................................................................42
5.4 Conclusion................................................................................................................46
6 Summary and Further work.................................................................................................47
6.2 Further Challenges...........................................................................................................47
References......................................................................................................................49
Appendix A: definitions................................................................................................52
Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 6
Keywords
Wireless communication systems.
Channel modelling
Massive MIMO
Correlation
Energy consumption
Channel simulation
5G
List of Abbreviations
AA Antenna Array
Keywords
Wireless communication systems.
Channel modelling
Massive MIMO
Correlation
Energy consumption
Channel simulation
5G
List of Abbreviations
AA Antenna Array
Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 7
AoA Angle of Arrival
AoD Angle of departure
BER Bit Error Rate
CSI Channel State Information
DoD Delay of departure
DoA Delay of Arrival
EE Energy efficiency
FDD Frequency-division duplex
GC Group Concept
HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
LOS Line of sight
LS Large scale
MISO Multiple-Input Single-Output
MIMO Massive Input Massive Output
NLOS Non-Line of Sight
SER Symbol Error Rate
SCM Spatial channel model
SCME Spatial Chanel medium extended
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SISO Single input Single Output
SE Spectrum efficiency
SIMO Single-Input Multiple-Output
TDD Time-division duplex.
ULA Uniform linear array
UCA Uniform circular array
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
WP5 Word Package 5
3GPP/3GPP2 Third generation partner program/2
List of Figures
Fig 1.1: a wireless digital communication system
Fig 1.2: The MIMO channel.
Fig 2.1: WINNER Channel Model Process
Fig 3.1: Massive MIMO channel models
Fig 3.2: UCA & ULA representation
Fig 3.3: Uplink and Downlink repartition
Fig 5.1: Network layout simulation output
Fig 5.2: SER/SNR simulation output for A1/C1
AoA Angle of Arrival
AoD Angle of departure
BER Bit Error Rate
CSI Channel State Information
DoD Delay of departure
DoA Delay of Arrival
EE Energy efficiency
FDD Frequency-division duplex
GC Group Concept
HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
LOS Line of sight
LS Large scale
MISO Multiple-Input Single-Output
MIMO Massive Input Massive Output
NLOS Non-Line of Sight
SER Symbol Error Rate
SCM Spatial channel model
SCME Spatial Chanel medium extended
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SISO Single input Single Output
SE Spectrum efficiency
SIMO Single-Input Multiple-Output
TDD Time-division duplex.
ULA Uniform linear array
UCA Uniform circular array
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
WP5 Word Package 5
3GPP/3GPP2 Third generation partner program/2
List of Figures
Fig 1.1: a wireless digital communication system
Fig 1.2: The MIMO channel.
Fig 2.1: WINNER Channel Model Process
Fig 3.1: Massive MIMO channel models
Fig 3.2: UCA & ULA representation
Fig 3.3: Uplink and Downlink repartition
Fig 5.1: Network layout simulation output
Fig 5.2: SER/SNR simulation output for A1/C1
Thesis On Massive MIMO Channel 8
Fig 5.3: BER/SNR simulation output for A1/C1
Fig 5.4: BER/SNR simulation for A1 (V=1&0.1ms)
Fig 5.5: SER/SNR simulation for A1 (V=1&0.1ms)
Fig 5.6: BER/SNR simulation for A1 (NLOS/LOS)
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Features of Massive MIMO.
Table 1.2: Difference between MU-MIMO and Massive MIMO
Table 2.1: LS and Support parameters classification
Table 5-1: SNR, BER, SER values A1/C1 scenarios
Introduction
Project Motivation
To comprehend the motivation behind this project, it is significant to learn about
the different challenges which are experienced in the wireless communication system.
Fig 5.3: BER/SNR simulation output for A1/C1
Fig 5.4: BER/SNR simulation for A1 (V=1&0.1ms)
Fig 5.5: SER/SNR simulation for A1 (V=1&0.1ms)
Fig 5.6: BER/SNR simulation for A1 (NLOS/LOS)
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Features of Massive MIMO.
Table 1.2: Difference between MU-MIMO and Massive MIMO
Table 2.1: LS and Support parameters classification
Table 5-1: SNR, BER, SER values A1/C1 scenarios
Introduction
Project Motivation
To comprehend the motivation behind this project, it is significant to learn about
the different challenges which are experienced in the wireless communication system.
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