Ending Violence Against Women: Advocacy Models and Strategies

This essay discusses various advocacy models and strategies to end violence against women. It explores the community care program, legal reform, street demonstrations, and social media campaigns. The essay also highlights the importance of feminism theory in protecting women and promoting gender equality.

Masters of social work
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Violence against women is a major issue confronting the world today, some women have
been a victim of this so-called violence, which is drastically on increase in the developing
nations of the world, though in developed nations there are cases of violence against women,
but it has been followed up and adequate measures to correct the issues were put to place.
Women are abused and murdered, raped in armed conflicts and attacked for defending
women's rights. In recent times, policy and public discussions on violence against women in
Australia have had a strong focus on family and domestic violence, intimate partner violence
("Violence against women in Australia (2017) Australian Human Rights Commission",
2019). According to United Nation reports, It is estimated that 35 percent of women
worldwide have experienced either physical or sexual intimate partner violence or sexual
violence by a non-partner (Devries et al, 2013).The aim of this essay would basically focus
on the violence against women and the measure that has been implemented to tackle this
issue at large and the essay would explain the various sort of advocacy that has been put in
place to stop the violence against Women.
The first model of advocacy is communities care programme. This utilizes the peer advocacy
model in the community to introduce an open door for a positive change in social standards
that can add to sexual orientation uniformity, and diminishes women discrimination. The
objective is to make more advantageous, more secure, and progressively harmonious
community environment for women and young ladies by working with communities to
improve access to care in order to support victims of women violence (Devries et al, 2013).
The Communities Care program has two general purposes that are put into task through
discrete yet interrelated program systems. The first aspect is to improve auspiciously,
coordinated, and empathetic consideration and backing for victims of sexual brutality in
conflict-influenced settings by reinforcing network based reaction. The second is to diminish

resilience for violence against women inside the community network and catalyze
community led-advocacy action to prevent it.
Also communities care is a piece of another age of programming to address violence against
women in various humanitarian grounds. A general health approach advances the utilization
of staggered methodologies to focus on the auxiliary reasons for violence against ladies and
young ladies just as hazard factors at the individual, relationship, and community network
levels. This model approach is also joined by the community development change thorough
research to analyze efficacy. The program's change theory joins human rights education key
in improving community values, aspirations and change of people lives. Its rationale is that
society can recognize solid concerns and manage the truth encompassing them (Flood, 2011).
It stipulates that once individuals on the whole feel that change is to their greatest advantage,
and they have access to information from credible sources, as well as the possibility to reflect
on its implications, they are bound to all in all and exclusively feel that change is to their
greatest advantage, recognize suitable options, and effectively seek after them. The aggregate
idea of the procedure gives vitality and inspiration that would facilitate in mobilising people
to end violence against women (Kaur & Garg, 2010). Community Network individuals are
urged to make a solid move to advance more noteworthy gender impartial connections in
their families and society. The theory of change informs a critical role in humanitarian setting
and community development theoretical interventions.
In order to reach its goals, the Communities Care programme utilizes a 'facilitated dialogue'
approach– to train members on the importance of ending violence against women. Through
this, it creates awareness and consciousness regarding shared values of respecting women,
human dignity, fairness and also justice (World Health Organization, 2012). It ensures that
victims connect their experiences of violence and injustice and analyses how gender cultural
norms bring about violence to women. This is aimed at helping them and identifying the root

causes in order to propose a probable solution. The objective is to enable members to
cooperate to and answers for the issue of VAWG and to help them to make an interpretation
of these concrete advocacy actions into solid activity inside their lives and inside their
community
Theory used is feminism theory that joins numerous methods for knowing and improves
exploratory research by lighting up female encounters and viewpoints. It causes medical
caretakers to comprehend ideas and powers, for example, control, language, mistreatment,
sexual orientation, and man centric social structures. As a rule, feminism theory not only
considers an amazing influence on women life experiences but also recognizes their abuse.
The experience of oppressed women turns into the focal centre, yet in addition recognizes the
current conviction that andocentric (male focused) bias is characteristic in numerous
hypotheses and research approaches, making them less applicable to the issues that ladies
face (Rodgers, 2005). Therefore, the aim of feminist theory is to change this methodology
and highly recognize women violence experiences, address their specific needs, and create
awareness to challenges bringing about women oppression in the society. The fundamental
precepts of feminist theory consolidate numerous standards that measurable medical
attendants use while treating female casualties of violence, including a devotion to propelling
the status of women and caring for them in the community card programme advocacy
approach.
Over the years states have failed in their chasms of legal frameworks to end violence against
women. Various perpetrators of this vice have escaped making women continue being
victimized through the entire legal process (García-Moreno et al, 2015).
Thus, this model of legal reform provides effective protection to women. It must ensure that
the legislation is easily enforced and evaluated in order to solve the issue. State governments,

civil societies, and other key institution incorporate this model and partners with each other in
the adoption process and implementing the legal reforms needed to end violence against
women.
The advocacy model acts as a consequent of reality that is distinct stakeholders in this model
process have several levels of interests in the reform procedure and anticipates that their
interest is implemented.
In Honduras, inter-instititutional for the implementation of the law against domestic violence
was created. This was in line with a case before the court where a 43 aged man was reported
to have shot his 35-year-old wife on the leg, raped her and battered her ruthlessly (Messner,
Greenberg & Peretz,2015). A respondent also shared a particular story regarding a young
Syrian refugee who typically advocated against child marriage. This in line of the model's
ability to indicate that when women are protected within the rule of law, they can be
successful when well empowered.
The respondents highlighted why this model is useful as it dictates the key role that civil
society plays in monitoring laws that prevent violence against women.
This model is effective since it is open to views from different people. A respondent in the
case shoed the significance of perceiving gender-based violence as omen rights and sexual
rights domain. it also expands the both public health and reproductive health aspect
(Michau,Horn,Bank Dutt,& Zimmerman,2015 This model thus strengthens the collaboration
on advocacy against gender based violence by addition of information and perspectives of
approach
This model also indicates that advocacy and laws should be mainly focused on the survivor in
order to ensure that the legal system is well accessible to women facing vilnece.4this model
enables women and adolescent girls to know their rights (True, 2012). This model is also

important as it offers an opportunity for lawyers to be highly trained in order to immediately
respond to domestic violence and women abuse. For instance, according to American bar
association, commissions have developed a model for national training curriculum in order to
increase responses of courts and lawyers to reach out to the victims of violence and file a case
against the perpetrators.
One of the theories underpinning this case model is a feminist theory. This is aimed at
protecting women and acknowledging that they have the capability to be successful when
empowered. It is opposed to the cultural aspect that looks down upon women as inferior
gender (Casey & Smith, 2010).
The model is used in order to protect sexual violence, gender based and female genital
mutilation.
NGO's, civil societies, coalitions, and courts should come together in enacting strict laws that
deal with violent people against women at the global and international level.
The summary comments are; these two case studies of advocacy are aimed at ending violence
against women. Both implement measures of training and creating awareness in the society
deeming women violence as a social vice while being determined to end it (Gracia,
Rodriguez, & Lila, 2015). In contrast, the peer model of community as a program instils the
societal norms, behaviors, ethics, and values and cares to end the violence, while the legal
reform model uses the legal process to fight on this violence. The first case study of advocacy
is mainly focused on the survivor or victim while the second focuses on the perpetrator.
The first models of social action is street demonstration.Generally, street demonstration
involves a mass group or collection of people protesting against a certain concern (Pörn,
2012). Street demonstration starts by meeting either in a certain designated place where
members gather to hear information from the leaders on what to protest. Most of the groups

have been demonstrating in our streets to end the violation of the rights of women in our
society. The activity involves the use of block roads which are also referred to as the key
aspects of the demonstration (Moulaert, 2013). Street demonstration to end the violence of
women in our societies may be violent or non-violent although it depends on the
circumstances the participants are facing.
The street demonstration techniques are effective in different ways. We have different types
of street demonstrations that show the effectiveness of the model. Some of the types of street
demonstrations include;
Picketing whereby rallies gather and they start talking on procedures and techniques needed
to end the violence of women in society.
There is also the sit-ins street demonstrations type. Mostly, the group fighting to end the
violence of women would prefer to stand at an area either indefinitely until they feel that their
concern is keenly addressed within the society (Bandura, 2014).
The last aspect of street demonstration that aids in ending violence against women is known
as the nudity. This type of street demonstration the groups can demonstrate half-naked in
streets so as to alert the public or the society on how the issue of violence against women is
serious and it should be eradicated with many effects.
The reason why the model is used is that most rioting people or groups prefer street
demonstration because it tends to be non-violent. Most of the groups usually riot peacefully
although it depends on the magnitude of the issue of concern. For the case of ending violence
against women, the rioting group would peacefully demonstrate in streets thus trying to alert
the public and entire society on the need to stop violating women (Ngai, Tao & Moon, 2015).
Most the times street demonstration creates awareness on an aspect of ending violence
against women.

Theory informing the model of social action is community development theory. Generally,
the model of street demonstration can be appropriately supported by the community model
theory. The theory is the most practical frameworks used by social groups seeking long-
lasting change within the society or even the entire public. The model is suitable for groups
opting to fight the end for violation of women since it encourages on togetherness thus the
rioting group will work together when demonstrating in streets. In simple terms, the theory
asks for community developments as already it defines for itself. Therefore, mostly the theory
focuses on the centrality of the issue or the violated women so as to initiate an apt process of
ending the imposed social problem which in our case is ending the violation against women
(Ma, 2012).
The other model of social action is social media campaigns. Social media campaigns are one
of the most effective influential tools that target to reach a large number of the crowd for a
specific time. Social media campaigns have a variety of information that is entirely related to
the best ways to end the violence against women in public and also within society. Nowadays
the society is recognizing the benefits of social media campaigns on ending the violence
against women. There are a lot of advertisements which are all over in online platforms
mobilizing people on the issue of women empowerment thus ending violence against women
in the whole world (Vu,Pattison & Robins,2015).The social media campaigns, therefore,
work under the goal of identifying and preventing those practices that violate the rule of
women in society.
Social media campaigns are effective because of the following reasons; first, they create
awareness on how to end violence against women in society. Posting information's on how to
end violence against women can easily create awareness since a large number of people are
targeted. More people will know how the issue of women violence in society is unethical and

therefore they will start emulating ethical aspects that will opt to reduce or end violence
against women completely.
The social media complain is used because it is cost effective and it can reach a large number
of people within the society (Flösser & Otto, 2011). The model prefers advertisements mode
of communication which reaches a large number of people thus creating awareness on how to
end violence against women.
The model also is used because it can be applied to all people but more particularly to women
who are have been identified as the inferior group in most of our societies.
The most preferred theory is feminism theory. The theory categorically confines with the
goals of social public campaigns in ending violence against women. Basically, this is because
public campaigns prefer to create awareness on the rights of each gender within society. The
same goal is clearly illustrated by the feminism theory which most of the time it examines the
social roles of women and men in society. Feminism describes different disciplines which
most of the time they fight for rules of gender. We have disciplines such as sexology which
moistly criticizes those practices that aid in violating the rule of women in society (Sugiura,
Seitz & Angel, 2015). Through the theory also comprises the intersectionality section which
also helps in ending the violence against women in society. Most of the time intersectionality
as the section of the theory will examine the various ways which show how women are
oppressed in the society and how the dominating gender that's men in the society handles the
rights of women.
The contrast arising is that the street demonstration involves the movement of groups rioting
for the particular issue while in social media campaign it’s merely creating awareness on the
concerned issue but no rioting (Dillon, Hussain, Loxton & Rahman,2013).The street
demonstration can either be violent or non-violent while social media campaigns it’s non-

violent..On aspect of similarity both street demonstration and social media campaign work
under the same goal that is creating awareness on issues needed to end violence against
women in society.
To sum up, around the world a woman in every three is either oppressed or abused in a
different way. Some are beaten, coerced into unwanted sex and even abused by either a
person within the society. The aim of the essay was o end this unethical behaviour of
oppressing women in our societies (Ellsberg et al., 2015).Generally, the violence to women
tends to be devastating either physically or mentally. In addition violence to women increases
the risk for women to be prone to health problems including chronic pain, including physical
disabilities and depression. The violence against women includes issues such as physical
torture, sexual abuse, and chronic abuse. There are two most common forms of violence to
women that's abuse from their intimate male partners in the society and the coerced sex that
may take place during the childhood stage or even in adolescence
Models of advocacy in ending violence against women have been found in different areas.
Advocacy has a range of models which have emerged and they are appropriate for different
groups of people, for example, our groups fighting to end the violence against women in the
society. We have key features of advocacy that will aid in ending violence against women.
The features which play a key role in ending social problems include the empowerment of
women thus encouraging them to access their rights and also supporting them to raise their
voices whenever an issue arises (Alhabib, Nur & Jones, 2010).Advocacy models, therefore,
challenges the issue of inequality in the social meaning that most of the models are
categorical on teaching the society how violence to women has no degree of courtesy at all.
Also, the advocacy models embrace the aspect of fairness thus leading to social development
which catalyzes the end of violence against women in society. Essentially advocacy models,
in general, will help women to get the information they need, understand their rights and

above all make their choices which are important in fighting and ending violence they face in
different sectors. It should be noted that advocacy not only involves taking complaints about
the women in society but also incorporating apt measures to support all genders in society not
excluding men.
In the model of social action the aim is to incorporate various groups to fight for a certain
problem facing society. It involves the social work practice whereby it concerns with social
empowerment for oppressed groups for example in our case for ending violence against
women (Chandrasekhar,Larreguy & Xandri,2012).The model generally helps in accessing
opportunities and ending malicious practices which target to oppress women. It also
emphasizes on the use of apt procedures that incorporate meaningful ways and strategies that
builds society thus valuing human beings. Also, the model guides groups on the importance
of partnership and collaboration when initiating development actions in society. This shows
that in order to end violence against women then groups creating awareness should partner
thus come up with a single perspective that will end violence inappropriate manner.

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