Factors in ERP Implementation during COVID19

This project aims to explore the factors involved in the implementation of ERP software during COVID19. It includes a comparative analysis of changes to ERP implementation strategy due to product line changes and the post COVID19 environment. The study focuses on the importance of ERP software in managing business operations during the pandemic.

Masters Project

Table of Contents
Title of the Project...........................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................30
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................34

Title of the Project
To explore the factors involved in the implementation of ERP software during COVID-
19.
INTRODUCTION
Overview of the Research
The project initiates to develop the factors that are included in the execution of ERP
software during COVID 19. Therefore, in this the overall analysis is based on the comparative
analysis among the changes to ERP implementation strategy due to product line changes and the
post COVID 19 environment. Thus, ERP (Enterprise resource planning) is defined as the
procedure of management software which mainly provides allowance to the businesses to
implement a system of integrated applications to manage the business and automate many back
office functions that are incorporate to technology, service and human resources. ERP is an
effective source which represents as Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems which can be
defined as one of the most innovative developments in the field of information technology (IT)
of the 1990s. With the growing interest of much business in moving from functional to process-
based IT infrastructure, ERP systems have become one of today's most widespread IT solutions.
In another words, enterprise resource planning refers as the software solution which assimilates
organizational functions and the information into an individual system which is shared within the
enterprises. ERP is basically developed through the manufacturing and planning components and
it has its major concern over enlarging the scope to other back office functions likewise the
assistance of human resource, finance and so on (Ali and Miller, 2017). Therefore, the changes
to ERP implementation strategy due to product line change is imperative as suitable and
systematic business plans are effective in managing all the changes within the product line and
execute effective operations. In the pandemic of COVID 19 the businesses are affected virtually
and also influence the implementation of ERP software. Therefore, the execution of ERP
software is effective in managing systemic execution of business operations. However, the key
ground utilize ERP solution is to develop a common IT platform around the business. Thus , the
intention and the welfare must be carefully weighed in against of as a project of this scope has
momentous upfront costs and alter management implications which needs to be accepted through
both managers and business employees. However, post COVID 19 termed to be the key
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challenge for the businesses and post COVID the change is imperative in the ERP
implementation strategy, therefore, the plans has been developed according to determining the
market and the accessibility of the products. COVID 19 is termed to be the key issue which has
wider influence over the business performance and the economic condition of entire globe,
therefore, in the outbreak of COVID 19 the processes of businesses are getting slow and non
appropriate, so businesses are widely encompasses over implementing ERP software for the
effective implementation of operations. However, there are assorted factor like ERP is effective
in resolving the multi-plat form issues, it also effective in encouraging performance in a down
economy, effective in standardized business practices, increases and improves interaction, that
initiates the implementation of ERP software, as the businesses are facing a lot issue in the light
of COVID 19 and the effective emergence is imperative for the business in suitable execution of
operations (Almajali and Tarhini, 2016).
Background of the Research
The ERP execution of strategy is defined as an important decision for a business executives and
stakeholders to make for the intention of suitable implementation of business operations,
therefore, The implementation strategy basically determine the plan for alter which ensures
alignment with overall corporate business objectives and goals. The strategy significantly defines
the managerial principles and approach to developing the ERP implementation. The ERP
business strategy is imperative for the business in implementing effective execution of operations
sue to maintaining the product line changes, however, a suitable ERP model initials to effective
implementation of operations that are imperative for the business to gain growth and success. In
the middle of global health crises, the corona virus disease 2019, pandemic portends a drastic
shift in the way globe will work in the future. Thus, the affect of COVID 19 is both global and
unpredictable or the supply chain surprise it is causing will most definitely and substantially cut
into the global manufacturing revenue of around 15 trillion presently which is significantly
estimated for 2020 (Awa, Uko and Ukoha, 2017). COVID 19 is a central issue which has wider
influence over the way of executing businesses and the entire globe, thus ERP is significant for
management of supply chain as enterprises resources planning will help the business to execute
suitable operations via considering the impact of Corona Virus. However, it is the biggest
outbreak which influences the working patterns and mainly affects the supply chain as the entire
progress of a business in encompasses over the suitable management of supply chain.
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Furthermore, businesses are needs to be concern over developing effective ERP strategy for the
suitable management of business and its operations.
Rationale of the Research
The project into actual action is based on identifying the factors included in the execution
of ERP software during COVID 19, therefore, it is a widely considered area as the entire globe
has facing the issue of corona virus and affected adversely. The primary intention of executing
this research is that corona virus is a major issue which needs detailed study to get insight in
regards to the impact of COVID over the business processes and the project managements.
Therefore, the study also initiates implementation of ERP software (Berić and et. al., 2018). The
another primary recognition of executing this analysis is the personal interest of the researcher as
the investigator wants to enhance personal ability regarding the chosen study area. In addition to
this, the study is efficacious in determining the significance of cloud SAAS ERP and how it lead
in effective way. This study also initiates descriptive idea about the implementation of ERP
software in the context of business growth as business now a day's are focuses over enlarging
business operations and implement effective ERP model to attain growth and success, via
determining the systematic execution of the business operations and functions. This study is also
imperative in enhancing an individual personal as well as professional knowledge which can
effectively be beneficial for the individual to attain success in future. This study is also valuable
for the businesses which are operating with ERP software as the study provides in-depth
knowledge the importance of ERP software in the growth operations of the business (Carutasu
and Carutasu, 2016).
Research Aim
The research aim is defined as the predetermined aspect which helps in clearly defining
the intention of the project in the form of a small statement, therefore, research aim is imperative
in leading the entire activities of the research is effective manner to reaching at the specific
results (Erazo, Arboleda and Pino, 2017). The key aim of this present report is “An investigation
over identifying the factors involved in the implementation of ERP software during COVID
19”.
Research Objectives
Research Objectives are critically defined as the aspect which concisely determine the
component what an investigation is trying to achieve. Thus, they summaries the achievement an
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investigation wishes to attain throughout the project and renders assistance to the evaluation.
This section of investigation is effectively interconnected with the aim of the research and clearly
defines the areas which are needs to be covered in a project. The key objectives of this present
research are associated as below:
 To conduct a comparative analysis over analyzing the changes to ERP implementation
strategy due to product line changes and the post COVID 19 environment.
 To critically explore understanding in relation to the change management techniques both
traditional (Waterfall and Agile) and newer technologies like DevOps that are being
implemented in the context of business.
 To articulate the changes in business process and changes to business units with
discussing scalability issues, adaptability issues and security issues.
 To determine the challenges faced by businesses due to COVID 19.
Research Questions
An investigation question is defined as the question which an investigation project sets
out to answer'. Therefore, questions are effective in providing descriptive evaluation as the
questions are mainly interlinked with the aim and objectives of the research; therefore, selecting
a research question is an important aspect of both quantitative and qualitative investigation
(Gilbert and et. al., 2020). However, the research will effectively needed information collection
and analysis and the methodology for this will vary widely, thus the suitable questions of this
present analysis are associated as below:
 Defining a comparative analysis over analyzing the changes to ERP implementation
strategy due to product line changes and the post COVID 19 environment?
 What are the change management techniques both traditional (Waterfall and Agile) and
newer technologies like DevOps that are being implemented in the context of business?
 What are the key changes in business process and changes to business units with
discussing scalability issues, adaptability issues and security issues?
 What challenges are faced by businesses due to COVID 19.
Chapter Structure:
This is a significant segment of the exposition since it will bolster researcher to recognize
necessity of exercises or parts in consummation of paper methodically. There are various
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undertakings or exercises that will be required by researcher for finishing whole thesis in
deliberate way. The structure of a project provides outline specification to the researcher to
implement the actions in effective manner, hence for the effective execution of the thesis, based
on identifying the factors involved in the implementation of ERP software during COVID 19,
suitable chapters are imperative to be involved are effectively described as below :
Introduction: This is a primary piece of the research thesis, it will bolster researcher too defining
the research depth and the overview on which the study is base, aim and objectives of the
research, rationale of the study and so on. All these are significant piece of the finishing
presentation movement in efficient manner. Primary motivation behind this action is to help the
researcher in execution of exploration point and targets for finishing full exposition effectively
(Malindzakova and Puskas, 2018).
Literature Review: This is another significant piece of the exposition that will be basic for
researcher in social event of secondary data. Principle intention of this area is to encourage
researcher in satisfaction of exploration hole successfully.
Research Methodology: This is another critical piece of the exposition that helps the researcher
in social occasion of information about the point. This area incorporates diverse number of
techniques that will be gainful for investigator in accomplishment of legitimate results. Primary
motivation behind exploration approach is to help researcher in assortment and assessment of
qualitative or quantitative information. This section mainly incorporates over assorted
applications like type of investigation, research approach, design, philosophy, data collection
tools, sampling and so on, which are valuable to directing the work in right manner. In current
exposition, survey will be mulled over for gathering essential and quantitative information with
the development of questioners which will be incorporated over stratified sampling. Thus, this
aspect will be significant in gathering information effectively (Mdima and et. al., 2017).
Data Collection and Analysis: In this area, researcher will require to create research inquiries as
indicated by the examination title. It is significant for the researcher in accomplishment of
exploration aim and objectives. This is another part that depends on gathered primary
information. In this, researcher will discover assessment of respondents about the subject. In this
present evaluation the analysis will incorporates over developing questionnaire on the basis of
likert scale with the assistance of stratified sampling tool, thus, frequency distribution
examination will be applied by researcher for finding and dissecting quantitative information in
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less timeframe. For introducing quantitative information, Ms-Excel programming will be trailed
by analyst. This product help specialist in creation of diagrams as indicated by the examination
questions.
Discussion: This area depends on assembled secondary information. This information will be
gathered by analyst in literature survey segment. Alongside this, for examining secondary data
various topics will be made by researcher as indicated by the exploration questions. Primary
thought process of this area is to talk about secondary data for accomplishing research point and
targets (Moghadas and et. al., 2020).
Conclusion Recommendation: This is principle segment or action that includes data of every
exercise in short and clear manner. This area helps agent in accomplishment of exploration point
and targets.
Reflection: This is a fundamental area and in this, researchers will requiring depicting their
excursion and experience towards the conclusion and flowing research. Fundamental thought
process of this area is to recognize understanding and issues looked by analyst while doing this
examination. In the event that analyst faces any sort of issue, alternative examination approach
will be prescribed to them (Park and et. al., 2020).
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is defined as a survey of scholarly resources which renders an overview
of a particular investigation area. Therefore, literature review is effective in developing detailed
analysis over a specific area with applying suitable tools like books, journals articles and so on.
However, in the present investigation context based on identifying the factors involved in the
implementation of ERP software during COVID 19, literature review is effective in enhancing
the understand via developing theoretical framework (Ranjan, Jha and Pal, 2016). In addition to
this literature is effective in providing insight and out of the exploration and a suitable base to the
individual learner and researcher to explore recognition in relation to the same area. In this
particular investigation this section empowers through developing theoretical framework in the
manner of comparative analysis as in this literature developed in table format.
Objective Author Title Resources Conclusion
To conduct a
comparative
analysis over
analyzing the
changes to ERP
implementation
strategy due to
product line
changes and the
post COVID 19
environment.
Raul Mzo,
Camille
salinesi,
Assar Sais,
Ben Hassen
Noura
David J
Cennimo
Stephanie
Neil
Using Software
Product Line to
improve ERP
Engineering:
Literature
Review and
Analysis
What is COVID-
19?
The Potential of
ERP Amid a
Pandemic
The authors stated that,
businesses now a day’s are
concern over implementing
ERP (enterprise resource
planning) strategy for the
intention to improve
business performance in
segment of operational and
management control and
optimization. The primary
intention is to execute
activities around functional
department involving
planning, manufacturing,
purchasing, assessing and
managing inventory,
tracking orders and so on.
On the contrary side, the
return ROI (return on
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Investment) for the business
includes in ERP execution
largely based over their
ability to properly design,
develop and evolve ERP to
respond to all needs through
existing business
requirements up to strategic
objectives. The ERP
execution mainly plays an
imperative role in business,
therefore, it refers as the
procedure which transforms
a standard ERP item into a
functional system in an
enterprises, through ERP
execution mainly
encompasses over two key
aspects i.e. customization
and configuration. However,
the aspect of Customization
is concerning over
extending ERP operations
via adding new modules or
changing code in the ERP
software and the
configuration is mainly
incorporated over providing
value to a number of
parameters that are recorded
as the information within
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ERP.
COVID 19 is
defined as the infectious
disease which is associated
through the most recently
discovered corona-virus.
Therefore, this is the new
disease and virus which is
unknown before the
outbreak began in Wuhan,
China in December 2019.
Corona-virus is a large
family of virus which cause
illness through the common
cold to more severe disease
likewise Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome and
server Acute Respiratory
syndrome. Therefore, it is a
new issue which has not
been previously determine
in humans. The outbreak of
COVID 19 has create a huge
impact over the business
organizations as the
performance of businesses
are adversely affecting
which influences the
economic performance of
the business. Novel corona-
virus is defined as a major
9

issue which directly
influences the entire globe
and has impacted over the
living of people. Businesses
now a days are concern over
improvising business
situations via enhancing the
operations of the business,
thus, ERP is recognized to
be the widely implemented
aspect which plays vital role
in the pandemic of COVID
19. An ERP system is
defined as an integrated
software solution which is
significantly offered through
a business as a package
which aids the seamless
integration of all the data
flowing via the business
likewise, financial,
accounting, human resource,
customer information,
supply chain and so on. ERP
software is an imperative
aspect and here are assorted
factors like understanding of
business goals, systematic
execution of project idea,
great implementation of
team, data accuracy,
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extensive education and
training, focused
performance measures and
so on, thus these encourages
the implementation of ERP
software.
In the mid way of world
wide health crises, which is
named as Corona Virus
pandemic has influenced the
way of working and also
affecting the future
processes as well. However,
post COVID the
implementation of ERP is
going quite tedious than
before, thus, businesses are
widely appreciating
effective ERP strategy for
implementation for the
progression of the business
in the light of COVID 19.
However, The corona virus
will have both short- and
long-term influence for
manufacturers. Basically the
plant managers and factory
owners will be seeking for
defensive supplies or be
attainment of an approval of
constraint additional up the
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Change
management
techniques both
traditional
(Waterfall and
Agile) and
newer
Tim
Creasey
ADAPTING
AND
ADJUSTING
CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
IN AN AGILE
PROJECT
supply chain plus how much
influence they have on their
suppliers. On the wider
perspective, the
manufacturer will need to
execute an extensive due
diligence procedure as they
required to analyse their risk
exposure involving the
functions of their suppliers.
Hence for the intention of
prevent the risk of supply
chain, manufacturers are not
required to source aspects
from a single but also as
COVID 19 has highlighted
effectively need to not
source through suppliers in
a single location.
Waterfall is a variation of
the Liner Sequential Life
Cycle while Agile is the
continuous replication of
software development and
evaluations. There was a
mistake. Agile enables
changes in the project
development specifications
12

technologies
like DevOps
that are being
implemented in
the context of
business.
Paula
Alsher
Sara Fusco
Bill
Kleyman
5 Implications for
Change
Management in
an Agile World
Agile vs
Waterfall, the
role of Change
Management
DevOps: From a
Business and
Executive
Perspective
The 4
Dimensi
ons of
ERP
Softwar
e
Scalabili
ty
as the project development
process starts, while
Waterfall has no room to
alter specifications. Agile is
potentially increasing need
for the change management
due to its iterative nature, its
amount of turnover
generated, and ultimately its
environment and
preparedness impacts. When
an company implements
Agile, it has consequences
for change management and
needs to be addressed. The
evolving practitioner has to
be much more versatile and
adaptable in favor of an
initiative using Agile. The
lack of "definite" change
management techniques and
plans definitely entails a
degree of frustration. The
quick speed of a project
with Agile however means
that professionals of change
management should
optimize and focus the
work.
ERP systems are off-shelf
applications and thus have
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life cycle other than that of
other software programs.
These are generally
produced using the waterfall
method long and sequential
linear process that until now
has maintained that ERP
systems are reliable. Agile is
a technique that is used for
project managers
through facilitating
incremental improvements
and teamwork and
collaborative work in a
series of sessions referred to
as Sprints by improved
outcomes of their projects.
The implementation of the
procedures and methods to
handle the side of people
from a present to new future
state, so that the expected
effects of the transition are
in Agile.
Waterfall is conventional,
linear approach to project
planning and management,
where next step starts
immediately after
completion of previous
phase.
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Waterfall method is part of
simple cycle of preparation
and design which helps
players playing to know
what project is going to
accomplish in advance. On
other hand, consumers can
not grasp this part as they
just have list of features and
specifications to see what
the project is going to be.
Only after it is done, does
the consumer see the
outcome and improvements
from initial demands will
occur. Agile is iterative and
includes team-based tasks,
personal contact and quick
development.
Activities and plans are
superseded through time
boxes that are generally
referred to as sprints. It has
a set schedule and a
prioritized value added list
of deliverables. Project team
and customer discuss work
only at end of each sprint
and then move on with the
next sprints. Agile can be a
good customer participation
15

in project, but on other hand
customers who do not want
their participation may be
troublesome. However, the
entire scope of the project
cannot be decided
beforehand because of its
iterative nature.
Transitioning towards Agile
is shift in behavior, which
needs to be professionally
handled at the
organizational level. In the
Agile vs. Waterfall
viewpoint, not only does
Change Management adjust
to new approach, but new
technique needs an
increased participation in
Change Management. In
addition, the company has to
be more successful by
applying Agile approaches
to its initiatives. When you
move to Agile, Change
Management will adopt the
very same iterative process,
and the same tasks are
carried out at each sprint.
The best way to help the
change and support
16

organization is to develop
the Enterprise Change
Management capability
within organization.
DevOps is group of
activities encourage
improved collaboration or
broad automation of
organizational and
development work teams.
DevOps' critical activities
are aimed at removing the
"ping-pong" among these
two departments by creating
new expectations of
communication, promoting
closer coordination, smooth
integration and automation
of low investment
processes. DevOps may also
be applied to many other
business units. This is a
change of mind to split the
"silo" between two teams
and to combine them into
one, productive unit capable
of delivering new goods
quicker and less staff
involved with consuming
fewer hours. It's not always
easy to create an ecosystem
17

Changes in
business process
and changes to
business units
with discussing
scalability
issues,
adaptability
issues and
security issues.
Adam
Bluemner
Undule
Amon
The 4 dimensions
of ERP software
that can shift and respond to
consumer demands. The
main objective is to
establish agility in
technology and business.
DevOps is definitely a way
to achieve this mission.
There appears to be a better
awareness of DevOps and of
the methods in interviews
with various technologists.
Nonetheless, many
bottlenecks are the company
and management teams. So,
if corporate leaders do not
understand DevOps so how
can develop an agility-based
infrastructure can lose the
significant benefits DevOps
can offer.
The ERP system will be a
huge advantage for
businesses looking to
improve their customer
service experience.
Automation saves a lot of
time, that can then be used it
to address consumer
inquiries for updates about
their goods and predict
18

Owen
Pettiford
Kevin
Beaver
scalability
How ERP
Changes the
Business World
Rapidly
Six ways to lift
ERP Lockdown
and avoid
innovation
recession
ERP security
issues with
working remotely
during COVID-
19 outbreak
innovative products.
Projects from ERP may be
lengthy. Project can last
from six months to the three
years, depending on nature
of project. ERP software
will support a company for
at least five to ten years after
deployment. When selecting
an ERP system it is crucial
to choose an ERP solution
to scale with business.
Scalability is the ability of a
system to maintain speed
with the trajectory of the
business. The electronic
transactional rate, workload
and data quantity changes
will be expected to be
handled by a new ERP
system. This consists of
software and applications
that allow interacting more
easily with each other in all
facets of business. All facets
of company are merged
into single information
system and allow workers to
prepare and organize their
tasks. The business has been
influenced by COVID-19 so
19

this continues to grow at
unprecedented pace.
Literally, life depends on
governments and
corporations' capacity to
react quickly and to
incorporate suggested
changes.
Technology & Platforms
will also adapt to new
working conditions by using
frameworks that allow many
to work from home.
Platforms for collaboration
allow other business teams
to start moving. Social
media connect individuals
and societies to the
loneliness, and gambling
and entertainment networks
provide a break from
constant negative news
stories. One of main lockout
issues is control of risk /
lockout payments. It
prompted to think of
governance practices that
accompany many ERP
systems, which provide
many companies with key
business processes. Switch
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systems are typically
designed to avoid spread of
errors / issues, which can
disrupt business as ordinary
processes-the system is in
"ERP lockout". One to
disadvantages of this
approach is to stifle
creativity a trade-off
among risk and
understanding once again.
ERP systems link all aspects
of an organization to one
full information system that
workers can access across a
whole business. Corporate
managers and owners with
strong ERP tools can
simplify and automate hard
work. This also assists
workers in their tasks and in
obtaining necessary data in
the real time to be more
efficient and profitable. The
Security Governance
Committee in terms of
information security should
review and deal with the
risk and control of
information, which should
include both CIO which
21

CISO. Now would be time
to modify the safety policy
in employee's manual and
other documents in order to
ensure secure ERP and other
systems for company. IT
and the security and EDP
systems administrators must
consider new issues faced
by the COVD-19 pandemic.
The normal ERP
vulnerabilities are daunting
enough. Business
management teams now
need to handle new health
threats for ERPs. The
COVID-19 epidemic has
developed perfect insecurity
storm, newly remote
workforce that has
increasingly been out
of hands and is looking for
ways to infiltrate networks
and cheat staff aggressively.
Remote workers have built
an expanded attack surface
which can pose one of the
biggest safety threats to
date. Moreover, the
generalized user disruption
caused by pandemic and
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Challenges
faced by
businesses due
to COVID 19.
Michel
Ganado
and
Claudine
Attard
Erin Joy
COVID-19
Workforce
Challenges &
Tips
5 Major
Challenges for
Entrepreneurs in
information-safety teams are
able to deal with new
problems which makes
teleporting security issues
much worse. While part of
safeguarding the ERP
system during COVID-19
pandemic, the security and
penetration checks will start
in the development teams.
You can find and repair the
vulnerabilities whenever
you can. By this phase and
in another review, they will
also recognize
enhancements to ERP-
centered protection as well
as those related to the
customer authentication and
provider management.
Prevention of security
violations often allows
information security
departments to take
measures to ensure that
perhaps the sensitive ERP
assets of the enterprise are
not compromised in this era.
In addition, security
breaches need to be
prevented.
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the Time of
COVID-19 Businesses need to tackle
coronavirus funding and
organizational issues when
meeting their staff,
consumers and suppliers'
requirements quickly.
outbreak of coronavirus
influence the system to
reassess how contact centers
are being used, how workers
provide appropriate
customer service, in which
they are working and how
digital platforms could be
used to help business
continuity during and
beyond crisis.
The view with clients,
workers, residents, and
people has forever changed
as a global COVID-19
pandemic and as result the
mindset and behaviors. The
crisis changes
fundamentally how and
what buyers purchase and
drive major systemic shifts.
Globally,
business experience.
Unparalleled instability in
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the workplace. For all
businesses also decide how
can operate on a short and
long-term basis,
as workforce and societies
seek to operate in daily
lives. CHROs across
business face challenge to
address major changes in
workforce, like need to
rapidly transition to a virtual
workforce in order to
protect and motivate
workers, support customers
and create business
continuity.
COVID-19 crisis is
undermining businesses'
balance of radical shifts in
customer preferences,
supply chains and highways.
In response to pandemic,
policymakers have
emphasized need to speed
up the implementation of
agile working practices and
restructuring of supply chain
in order to tackle
uncertainty.
Having an intelligent
organization means moving
25

from the top-down decision
making to purpose-oriented,
data-driven, technology-
driven and cloud-capable
teams into the market for
faster development. This
calls for the elimination of
rigid systems and the
creation of a porous
organization of plug-in
modules. The smart
business will efficiently
control itself. Company was
facing major IT problems
long before COVID-19.
Now COVID-19 allows
business to work efficiently
and IT is evaluated like
never before.
Since companies juggle a
variety of goals in modern
framework and challenges,
business continuity threats,
abrupt volume shifts,
decision-making in the real
time, employee efficiency,
safety hazards and leaders
have to take timely action to
resolve problems of
immediate system
resilience. Upon reaching
26

other side of the pandemic,
long-term plans are needed
to enhance resilience and to
learn from the experience to
build a roadmap of
processes and resources to
better prepare the business
for potential disruptions.
Leaders handle a multitude
of interrelated challenges,
ranging from safeguarding
staff and clients, re-
orienting cash and resources
and searching complex
support systems.
To order to ensure business
continuity, company must
act as soon as possible to
minimize any adverse
impacts while planning the
company for future changes
which may occur as a result
of the outbreak of COVID-
19. To centralize all
activities, companies may
want to build a key crisis
team to organize response
and set goals. This team will
also analyze and build
various scenarios and
evaluate emergencies and
27

business continuity
strategies in context to
be prepare for unknown
factors around outbreak.
The team must work to
ensure uniformity across
divisions and roles during
the crisis. The protection of
staff is extremely important
during this difficult time.
Based on how the work is
performed, where this is
performed as well as their
own health status, workers
can face numerous health
risks. The company faces
difficulties in helping
various workers'
communities and promoting
equity in the working
community. Organizations
are urged to monitor health
of their workers and those
who do have to work
physically. Additional steps
to be taken can include
distancing, hygiene
increases and safety of
clothing. Furthermore, all
relevant contact
information, like emergency
28

contact details for others is
also relevant during this
period.
https://www.medscape.com/answers/2500114-197401/what-is-covid-19
https://www.syntax.com/4-proven-reasons-to-implement-erp/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277863322_Using_Software_Product_Line_to_improv
e_ERP_Engineering_Literature_Review_and_Analysis
https://www.automationworld.com/covid-19/article/21124819/the-potential-of-erp-amid-a-
pandemic
https://blog.prosci.com/adapting-and-adjusting-change-management-in-agile
https://www.imaworldwide.com/blog/5-implications-for-change-management-in-an-agile-world
https://www.andchange.com/agile-vs-waterfall-the-role-of-change-management/
https://www.informationweek.com/devops/devops-from-a-business-and-executive-perspective/
a/d-id/1332829
https://softwareconnect.com/erp/4-dimensions-of-erp-software-scalability/
https://www.digitaldoughnut.com/articles/2018/november/how-erp-changes-the-business-world-
rapidly
https://diginomica.com/six-ways-lift-erp-lockdown-and-avoid-innovation-recession
https://searcherp.techtarget.com/feature/How-to-address-security-issues-with-working-remotely
https://www.pwc.com/mt/en/publications/humanresources/covid-19-workforce-challenges/covid-
19-workforce-challenges-and-tips-business-continuity.html
https://www.vault.com/blogs/coronavirus/5-major-challenges-for-entrepreneurs-in-the-time-of-
covid-19
29

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Investigation methodology is defined as the specific which is implemented to identify,
choose, determine and analyze the data in relation to a specific area. In an investigation paper the
choice of methodology aids the entire exploration in right manner to generate valuable results. In
the present investigation context based on identifying the factors involved in the implementation
of ERP software during COVID 19, suitable selection of methodologies are imperative to assist
the entire project in right manner. However, the present analysis is mainly based over Stratified
Sampling which is an effective probabilistic tool and helps in making suitable selection of
participants to gather authentic and specific information (Rezaeian and Wynn, 2016). This
section of investigation is based on different applications and the suitable for this specific are
determined as below:
Type of Methodology: This is the most considered area of an investigation as it is effective in
making suitable selection of methodologies that are imperative to guide the project in effective
manner. This section is widely based over qualitative and quantitative research methodology as
the choice is encompasses over the information accumulated to guide the project. Quantitative
research mainly refers as a systematic research of component through which information based
on quantitative aspects of quantifiable information’s are gathered and performing mathematical,
computational and statistical tool. Basically quantitative analysis is conclusive in its purpose and
it signifies to quantify the issue and analyze the prevent it through looking for the projectable
outcome to a wider population. On the contrary side, qualitative investigation is mainly more
explorative in nature and this is sort of investigation which is reliant over the accumulation of
verbal, behavioral or observational information which can be determined within a subjective
manner. It has a wide scope and is usually executed to explore the causes of potential issues that
may exist. In the present investigation context based on analyzing the factors involved in the
implementation of ERP software during COVID 19, quantitative research will be the most
effective tool for execution, thus, quantitative research is refers as the systematic research of
phenomena through accumulating quantifiable information and performing statistical,
mathematical, or computational tools. Further, it provides descriptive analysis to reaching at the
significant outcome via determining actual facts and figures. Therefore, quantitative approach
will ought to effective for stratified sampling, thus in detailed analysis is required to measuring
the opinion of people over a specific subject area (Singh, Singh and Kaur, 2017).
30

Research Philosophy: It mainly implies to conviction which assists researcher with
gathering and analyzing information on the given zone of study. There are numerous fields of
philosophy, ontology, axiology and epistemology research philosophy. The quintessence of truth
is explained by ontology. Epistemology basically permits researcher to discover information on
the subject. Axiology helps researchers in concentrating how the determination and evaluation of
work influences convictions and intrigue. The hypothesis of epistemology is significant in the
existing evaluation and flow concentrate as it permits analysts to acquire target results. In this
methodology, analysts utilize the way of thinking of positivism, which empowers researcher
through giving precise and sound proof over a base timeframe. The system of this sort of
reasoning in the investigations and conversations is notable. At the other hand, the way of
thinking of interpretivism in research theory as per this investigation isn't helpful and adequate in
light of the fact that it requires most extreme time and doesn't yield solid outcomes. Therefore,
the positivism philosophy is supportive for quantitative analysis as in this information
accumulation is based on quantitative aspects and outcomes are generated via measuring the
actual facts and figures accumulated over the chosen study area. This is focused on philosopher
identified with a social force that can be seen. It is often followed by a research approach focused
on data collection or hypothesis creation. This can be sampled and checked for further analysis.
The key characteristic of this kind of study is highly organized approach for evaluating
hypothesis. Besides this, the quantifiable findings and statistical analyzes collected contribute to
this form of study.
Research Approaches: This establishes as an efficient technique and prepares numerous paths of
specific hypothesis for an extensive system of data collection, study and interpretation. This is
therefore focused primarily on the essence of the study question. Inductive and deductive are two
data approaches that researches use to interpret reliable subject knowledge. Inductive approach
begins primarily with hypotheses and observations and is scheduled as an analytical outcome to
conclude the study phase. Regularities, similarities and patterns of expertise are developed in this
form of approach to achieve valid study result. Deductive approach provides an efficient method
of data processing used through investigator to collect reliable study-related information. This
approach focused mainly on development of a present theory-based hypothesis and instead on a
best study method to test hypotheses (Tobie, Etoundi and Zoa, 2016).
31

Deductive approach is better suited to the study of detailed and accurate evidence on the
factors involved in the implementation of ERP software during COVID-19 as the investigator
can deal with probabilities using this method. The primary reason behind selection of a deductive
approach data analysis research method is to enable an investigator collect reliable and precise
data on subject.
Data Sampling: Data sampling is mainly defined as a statistical evaluation tool which is
implemented to select, manipulate and evaluate a representative subset of information
components to determine patterns and direction in the larger data set being examined. This
section is mainly encompasses over probabilistic and non-probabilistic data sampling tool and in
the context of this present investigation work, stratified sampling will be implement by the
researcher as in this the entire population is categorized among smaller groups or strata to fulfill
the sampling procedure. Therefore, in this specific sample will be choose of around 50 from the
specific population who are having significant idea about the ERP system. Stratified sampling
refers as a probabilistic sampling tool and a form of random sampling in which the population is
mainly categorized among two or more areas as per the one and more aspects. Therefore,
Stratified random sampling mainly intends to assure that the sample basically represents detailed
sub-groups or strata. As per the, application of stratified sampling tool involves dividing
population into different subgroups (strata) and selecting subjects from each strata in a
proportionate manner. However, in the present exploration area, Stratified sampling tool will be
the most effective tool to make suitable selection of participants, thus in this individual are
mainly select at random basis as here population is divided among different categories.
Therefore, in this questionnaire will be developed within the format of likert scale, thus this will
be the most effective way to conduct survey and gather valuable information. In addition to this,
here individual are randomly picked from the area in which individual work under ERP business
model as individual from this area are more effective in providing efficacious information
(Venkatraman and Fahd, 2016).
Research Design: It relates to study framework or strategy, or a set of processes and
conditions to undertake and track a research project. Research design may, however, be defined
as a master plan that shows how research activities are performed. It is an accurate and practical
master plan of different methods and processes to be implemented in order for decision makers
to gather and analyze information. In other words, it is a consciously structured system of
32

evaluation or accumulation circumstances with a view to incorporating significance to study in
the economic cycle. The entire study therefore relates to the design of study, which is used
through researchers to examine the effect. Development of the work is primarily categorized as
descriptive, experimental and exploratory in three sections. Descriptive architecture is ideally
adapted in order to recognize the factors involved in the implementation of ERP software during
COVID-19 because it helps a researcher efficiently perform research activities.
Research designs listed above are important but the descriptive design is more
appropriate and effective for researchers to gather effective information regarding the topic
according to the problem. This concept is justified because it supports a appropriate profile of
respondents, activities and circumstances. This permits a detailed and comprehensive assessment
of the variables of the individuals to be planned and the collection of additional knowledge in a
very economic way. This allows data from the study to be obtained. This is significant, since it
supports a researcher in the creation of a concise interpretation based on facts or quality.
Data Collection Tools: This is the most considered area of an investigation which mainly
relay over making suitable choice of resources to gather information, thus this section implies
over primary and secondary information tools. Primary research is effective in gathering of
information for the very fits time and it is mainly used through the investigator to gather
information directly at the place of depending on the information accumulated through past done
investigation. The primary research is mainly executed via assorted aspects i.e. interview,
observation, survey, focus group, case study and so on. On the other hand, secondary
investigation is defined as an investigation tool which involves applying already available
information. Therefore, the in this the available information is summarized and gathered to
develop the entire success of an investigation. For undertaking the specific project based on
determining the aspect concerned in the execution of ERP software during COVID 19, both
primary and secondary information accumulation tools will be considered, thus these two are
effective in gathering information from the suitable sources. However, primary research will be
implementing through conducting survey in which questionnaire within Likert scale format will
termed to be the effective source of information accumulation. Therefore, likert scale is effective
for better execution of stratified sampling as in this sampling will be large as to resolve the issue
via accumulation of potential information. On the contrary basis, secondary tools like books,
33

journals, articles, online sites are effective in developing theoretical perspective in the form of
literature to support the analysis effectively.
34

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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Venkatraman, S. and Fahd, K., 2016. Challenges and success factors of ERP systems in
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