Material Science and Engineering Challenges

This assignment delves into the world of material science and engineering, highlighting the challenges that come with it. The discussion focuses on fiber-reinforced plastic, a technology that has gained popularity due to its cost-effectiveness, high strength, and ease of use. However, like any other new technology, it also has its limitations. The assignment references various sources, including books and articles, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

INTRODUCTION
In today’s world, the material science is not a only minor discipline but now its becomes a
fundamental foundation of innovative technologies and modern construction techniques.
Material indulges in all extensive fields like telecommunication, construction engineering,
medical science, mechanical and many others (Askeland and Phulé 2006). In all field of
sciences, material come up with innovative techniques and became these field more modern. The
research of material science depends on the quality of the researchers whether it will be on large,
medium or small scale (Ashby and Jones 2005). In this paper, the hot topic of material science
will be discussed. Now a days, the modern technology ‘ fiber reinforced plastic’ using in modern
construction.
FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC
Fiber reinforced plastic is also terms as FRP ( fiber reinforced polymer). The material used for
reinforcing that is fiber mixed with polymer matrix made a composite material which is fiber
reinforced plastic. Carbon, basalt, asbestos, aramid and sometimes wood may be used as a fibers.
Fiber reinforced are mostly used in the fields of marine industry, automotive, civil engineering
and aerospace. Fiber reinforced plastic also playing a significant role in civilian industry ( Jacobs
and Kilduff 2005).
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC
Fiber reinforced plastic are high in weight and have very high strength. Many industries specially
automotive farms are taking so much interest in these composite material and replacing metal
parts with FRP’s in cars. Fiber reinforced plastic are very lighter and more capable to consume

less fuel than other metals. Fiber reinforced plastics have potential to modify its properties to
cover a broad varieties of requirements. Environmental resistance of high grade, properties of
compression and impressive electrical properties all are the characteristics of fiber reinforced
plastics. The process of manufacturing of fiber reinforced plastics, which is very effective in cost
that is the main significant feature that these composite materials are extensively using in almost
every industry. The productivity rate is high. Different materials can be bond easily.
The additional limited characteristics of fiber reinforced plastics are insulation of thermal
materials, reliability in structural, hardness in fire with stability in ultraviolet, chemical resistance
and other corrosive material. There are some specific factors on which properties of fiber
reinforced plastics are reliant; the comparative volume of matrix and fiber, mechanical properties
of both of these components and the direction and length of fiber within the matrix. In short,
minimum investments in manufacturing, low cost of manufacturing, flexibility, adopt to change
conditions of market and speedy entrance in market are the characteristics of fiber reinforced
plastic.
Many non-reinforced plastics are not suitable or achieved the required strength and young’s
modulus of structural designs so fiber reinforced plastics are good choice to gain mechanical
strength. The main consideration while designing is the use of material that is economical mainly
enhancement of structures (William and Callister 2007). Material gets weak with the orientation
of fiber. The strength of material, its rigidity and elasticity is affected by the fiber reinforced
plastics. The flexibility of final product and its strength and elasticity are dependent on the
directions of fiber. High distortion resistance of forces occur with the orientation of fibers in the
direction of forces. The design and shape of product affects the properties. Many considerations

like proper thickness of wall and proper geometric shapes have considered (Rahul Dogra and
Ankit 2016).
FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC AND COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY
1n 1930, the UK researcher Norman de Bruyne did extensive research on the expansion of fiber
reinforced plastic for the use of commercial industry. Aviation industry is the main point of
interest of his research. Russia was the one to create plastic material passenger boat. 1n
1939,wings of air planes and fuselage were made of fiber plastics in united states. The use of
fiber thermo set plastic is increasing in commercial industry because of its weight which is very
light, less corrosion factor, properties to resist temperature, easy insulation of thermal, smooth,
internal surface is very complex shapes can easily be mold, repairing process is easy, and very
effective in cost( M cMahon and Jr 2004). All these properties of fiber reinforced plastic affect
the commercial industry with positive impact. The best quality of the material is achieved by the
techniques of winding and components of fiber glass. Commercially, the most frequently used
fiber is fiber glass. Vast area of applications and processes is covered by glass fiber. Fiber glass
is made up of raw material which is based on silica mixed with oxides of metal and covering
most of the demand of application in almost hundreds of formulation. A tremendous progress of
performance and cost is achieved by the shield of fiber reinforced glass and good resistance to
chemicals and mechanical properties.
There are various available varieties of fiber reinforcement glass like roving of guns, fabrics of
textiles, roving of woven, roving with single end and mat with continuous strand. Hence, fiber
reinforcement plastic are extensively increasing in commercial industry( Sigma 2007). The
properties of fiber reinforcement plastic made it different from other metal in the industry. It has
placed the new diversion of vision in commercial industry.

IMPACT OF FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS IN STRUCTURES
Construction industry is also adopting this new technique in its construction. Components of
structures like beam, pillars, slabs and foundation are getting more strengthen by using fiber
reinforcement plastics. Even the structures which are damaged by the increased loading are also
get repaired by using FBR’s and also increase its strength (Dharani, Ashwini, Pavitha, and Prince
Arulraj 2013). Sheets and plates of fiber reinforcement are use to increase the flexural strength
of structural members. Fiber reinforcement plastics are also use to gain shear strength of
members. Hence, this new technology is also playing a important and significant role in
construction engineering. Its cost effective quality and good performance and production made it
significant ( Patodi and Kulkarni 2012).
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC
In engineering sector, fiber reinforced composite polymer have achieved significant market its
all due to its low cost benefits and their wide variety of uses. As the climate is changing
continuously and natural resources are also depleting so it is very essential to work out on low
cost and benefit and less environmental strategy. The factors of environment affect the fiber
reinforced plastic like penetration of moisture into the FRP’s affect all the phases of composite.
The phases of components are the fiber, the matrix and the region of interfacial and all three
change the mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced plastic. The other factors of the environment
like temperature and humidity also effect the properties of fiber reinforced plastic (Prof.
Jayeshkumar, Dr. Zala and Dr.Umrigar 2012). The vulnerability of polymer to weather is the
main hindrance to accept the composites of polymer in application of civil industry. The
ultraviolet radiation, moisture in environment, temperature of surrounding and high pH of

surrounding directly affect the matrix of polymer. All these factors of environment affect the
chemical and physical properties of fiber reinforced plastics (Sandeep 2015).
BENEFITS OF FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC TO SOCIETY
As the technologies are increasing our society is also developing. Fiber reinforced plastics is
impacting in a very positive way to the society. As society is getting modern structure with low
economic cost. Fiber reinforced plastic gives a high strength building and modern infrastructure
to the society. Fiber reinforced plastic catching the market because of its properties are more
effective than any other metal.
CONCLUSION
In today’s world, the use of modern technology at its peak and in future the wide variations in
innovative technologies will surprised the world. (Arunakanthi and Chaitanya Kumar 2016). The
design of engineering and manufacturing of any product cannot be in its finished form until the
material sciences is not involved in it. If we see the human civilization history there is a
considerable change in living style and production of material. Scientists are busy in researching
and giving people a luxurious and comfortable life. Material is in all over the world (Shackelford
2005). In developed or developing countries, engineering and material science taking prominent
and mid position. In today’s world , there are many challenges regarding materials. Main
challenges are structures desired properties and effective cost to cater the problems of world. In
this paper, the structure hot topic fiber reinforced plastic has discussed (Sharmila and Dr.
Thirugnanam 2013). Like many other new technologies it is also cost effective, gain high
strength and easy to use but the strength of fiber reinforces plastic gets weak when high load is
applied on this. So every new technology has some limitations. Every new innovative thing has
pros and cons so it is depend on us how we are taking benefits from it.

References
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Properties and Applications. 3rd ed. Butterworth, UK.
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Concrete (FRC). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5). pp.329–336.
Dharani, N. Ashwini, A. Pavitha, G and Prince Arulraj, G. (2013) Experimental investigation on
mechanical properties of recron 3s fiber reinforced hyposludge Concrete. 4(2), pp. 182 – 189.
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