Materials and Methods Case Study 2022

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
PICO................................................................................................................................................2
PICO Question.................................................................................................................................4
Hypotheses.......................................................................................................................................4
Aim..................................................................................................................................................4
Objectives........................................................................................................................................4
Materials and Methods....................................................................................................................5
Selection criteria..............................................................................................................................6
Collection of the data.......................................................................................................................6
Assess the studies............................................................................................................................7
Provide a critique of the methodology used................................................................................8
Assess for risk of bias..............................................................................................................10
Interpretation of results and conclusions.......................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12

Introduction/ Rationale
Type 1 Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that can cause acute and chronic complication
due to insulin resistance developed by a relative lack of insulin. The chronic inflammatory
disease can destroy dental health (Verhulst et al 2019). People suffering from T1D are more
susceptible to develop gum problems due to poor blood sugar control. People with diabetes are
more susceptible to the development of fungal infection called oral thrush , this is due to the fact,
that high amount of sugar can be found in the saliva (Verhulst et al 2019).
This study will provide a literature review to evaluate the effectiveness of verbal and the
non-verbal education to promote oral hygiene in type 1 diabetic patient.
PICO
Summary of your research
idea?
(100 words maximum)
Older Diabetic patients are often at risk of developing oral
health challenges. The most common of these problems
include dry mouth, dental caries, tooth loss and periodontal
diseases, among others (Nazir et al., 2018). The objective of
this proposed study is to assess the impact of verbal and non-
verbal oral health training on older Type 1diabetic patients,
over a period of two years.
What population group do
you intend to study (P)?*
Type 1 Diabetic Patients. (above 60 years
What intervention do you
intend to examine (I)?*
Dental health training should be provided to the older
patisnts with type 1 diabetes by the nurses. The education

will consists of both verbal and non-verbal education,
including the use of videos, presentation.
What comparator do you
intend to use (C)?*
Standard verbal as well as non –verbal oral hygiene
instructions should be given to the older patients by the
nurses.
What is/are your outcome
measure/s (O)?*/**
Oral Health Condition, measured by the incidence of dental
problems such as dental caries and periodontal diseases
( measured by Bleeding on probing, CPITN index and plaque
scores) every 6 months.
PICO Question
What is the impact of verbal and nonverbal oral health training on improving the Type 1 diabetic
older patient’s oral health, as opposed to standard verbal oral health instructions?
Hypotheses
The proposed study will aim to test the following hypotheses:
Alternative hypothesis : Verbal and Non verbal Oral hygiene instructions among Type1
diabetic patients reduces the risk of the patients developing Oral health problems such as dental
caries and periodontal diseases and offers a better control on blood sugar levels.

Null hypothesis: Standard Verbal oral hygiene instructions alone among Type1 diabetic patients
does not effectively reduce the chances of the patients developing Oral health problems such as
dental caries and periodontal diseases, which also indirectly leads to poor blood sugar levels.

Aim
Aim of this Study is to Analyze the effectiveness of verbal and non verbal Oral Health
Clinical Education in improving Oral Health in Type 1 older Male and Female Diabetic Patients
over a period of 2 years
Objectives
The objective of this study is :-
 To undertake a systematic review to Investigate the effectiveness of Verbal and
Nonverbal Oral Health education in Improving Oral health as compared to standard
verbal Oral health education in Type 1 Diabetic patients.
 To investigate the record the effectiveness of Verbal and Nonverbal Oral health
education in control of Blood sugar levels as opposed to standard verbal Oral health
education in Type 1 Diabetic patients.