Meaning of management in English -

Running head: MANAGEMENT
Management
Name of the student
Name of the University
Author note

MANAGEMENT1
Introduction
The purpose of the study is to examine the history of a fashion item starting from the
manufacturing phase to the present life to understand the negative impacts of the product on the
surrounding environment. It will also provide recommendation on developing sustainable
method of remanufacturing the product. In this case, denim has been chosen as the fashion
product which is mainly used as a source material for jeans and shirts.
Definition of Denim and history
Denim is a cotton twill textile where the weft passes under more than one warp threads.
These threads are dyed in indigo colours where the material is blue on one and white on the
other. While manufacturing jeans, the blue part is kept on the outside (Meyanci, 2018). The word
denim has been derived from the fabric serge de Nimes, a material made in Nimes, a city in
France (DeMello, 2009). Denim has been used in America since the early 18th century where
denim is use for making jeans which is a type of cotton pants. The word jeans has been derived
from the word genes which was a name given by the French people to Genoa (Paul, 2015). In the
early 18th century, the gold miners required sturdy clothes that had a long lasting capability. Levi
Strauss and Jacob Davis supplied jeans to the miners made from sturdy and durable materials
(Beltran-Rubio, 2020). These pants had rivets on places where the tendency to tear was high
which increased the lifespan of pants.
Figure 1: Denim threads

MANAGEMENT2
Source: (Paul, 2015)
The high durability of the clothes made workers and labourers use these clothes at work.
The advent of denim in the Hollywood movies led to the popularity of the product which is
resulted in wide demand of the product (Meyanci, 2018). Denim became a fashion product in
the year of 1960s-1970s where it moved from counter culture towards being a fashion statement
(Paul, 2015). The plant Indigofera tinctoria was initially used to dye original denim jeans.
However, in the modern times, the use of synthetic indigo is more prevalent where the dye
process is repeated to develop a stronger colour (Annapoorani, 2017). The stronger colour does
not fade away easily and denim is often washed to soften the cloth and eliminate the chances of
shrinkage (Meyanci, 2018). Often an elastic stretch component is added to the product to make
it more stretchable. However, Denim is currently made from lycra, polyamide, polyester or with
polypropylene (Beltran-Rubio, 2020).
Usage and Wastage
Denim is primarily used for production of jeans which is one of the most versatile fashion
product in the market. It is used for manufacturing apparels but it is also used in other
applications of textiles in case of mobile cases, seat covers and other textiles (fashion2apparel,
2020). Denim has been used in developing various kinds of apparels and demand of the product
has resulted in numerous derivatives of denim. Different yarn counts are used to consecutive
ways to diversify the product quality (fashion2apparel, 2020). Now denim is used for making
every kind of apparel and accessories in the fashion industry and is used for denim wine bags,
pant, jacket, shirt, shorts, skirts, hats, suits, boots, athletic shoes, and belts, denim pencil case,
denim wine bags, denim pillows, denim apron, denim quilt, upholstery and lampshades
(Meyanci, 2018).
According to the data collected from Levi’s Strauss, 3,781 litres of water is used for the
production of a pair of jeans which results in the emission of 33.4kg of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere (Wheeler, 2019). Therefore, it shows that there is an extensive wastage of water,
chemical resources and energy while developing a pair of denim jeans. It results in increase in
carbon emission and contamination of water and negative impacts on the atmosphere. Moreover,
denim textile waste contributes significantly to the landfill every year (Wheeler, 2019). The
product of denim also requires the use of aging, sand blasting and distressed look

MANAGEMENT3
(fashioninsiders, 2020). On the other hand, hazardous chemicals such as mercury, lead and
denim remnants are disposed into water. It has resulted in pollution in water and land where
clean drinking water is highly affected in manufacturing areas (Muthu, 2017).
Purpose of using Denim
Denim is used as a work wear in the initial stages as the durability of the cotton was
higher compared to any other textile material (Meyanci, 2018). It was used for making long
sleeve shirts and pants. Denim is made from cotton so it was breathable but the twill weave
makes it highly resistant to tears and abrasions.
Production and Dyeing system
The raw material for the production of denim is cotton which is harvested in more than
90 countries in the global market. The overall process starts with the production of cotton where
20,000 litres of water is required for producing a kg of cotton along with the use of higher
magnitude of pesticides (Periyasamy, Wiener & Militky, 2017). There are mainly countries
where unsustainable practices of farming has been used including heavy use of waters which has
resulted in the pollution of the environment and the eco system. The figure below depicts the
overall lifecycle of denim production (Shin, Yoo & Kim, 2012). The first stage of denim
production is cultivation and extraction of fibres where fibre is derived from the cotton (Paul,
2015). In this process, the cotton fibre is converted into a yarn by systematic process of ginning,
carding and spinning. Then one white yarn is used to convert it to fabric which is then dyed in
blue colour (Periyasamy & Militky, 2017). Synthetic materials such as spandex or polyester is
used for providing stretch. Twill weaving is used to develop denim fabric. The fabric is cut into
proportions which is then used for assembling jeans in different countries such as China, India,
Bangladesh and others (Paul, 2015). Assembly lines are used for sewing the product through
production units and finished good are developed.
These products are checked for analysing their quality and then packed and transported to
various part of the global market. The products are distributed through wholesale, online and
retail outlets. These products are then used by consumers through regular washing and
preserving where cold water wash and line drying can be used to reduce the environmental
impact (Periyasamy & Militky, 2017). The next disposal of the goods where the products after