Measuring Instruments for Central Sensitization
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Added on 2020-05-16
Measuring Instruments for Central Sensitization
Added on 2020-05-16
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Running head: MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR CENTRAL SENSITIZATION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR CENTRAL SENSITIZATIONName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor note
Measuring instrument for interleukins: IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10Chronic pain is one of the major factor that affects the patients of cancer and there aremore than 64 percent of patients affected with such pain. On the other hand, chronic postsurgicalpain or CPSP is another phenomenon that increases the pain related mortality. It has been seenthat cytokines are related to the maintenance and prevalence of chronic pain state, apart fromplaying vital role in the peripheral neuroimmune interactions. Researcher Bjurstrom, Girron &Griffis (2016) researched about the topic and for that, the team conducted a literature review ofprevious researches to understand the ole of cytokines and interleukins in the persistence of pain.Researchers tried to figure out the neurological changes in a rodent with peripheral nerve injuryand noticed that the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha and cytokine becomes upregulated.Further the experiment was carried out 46 patients within which, 19 were suffering from LR, 21were suffering from cervical myelopathy and 6 were designated as control. The patients wereprovided with pain sensations using pressure from algometer and they were advised to stop theprocess whenever they feel extreme pain. Finally it was found that, cytokines, such asIL-1b, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-a were secreting highly during that peripheral nerve damagesensation (Bjurstrom, Girron & Griffis, 2016). The instruments required for such test needsexpert observation and experience. Therefore, a physician, lab expert or assistant to obtainaccurate result will conduct the test. Measuring instrument for Nerve Growth Factor There are different cells in the body, such as skin basal keratinocytes, visceral epithelialcells in which the nerve growth factors however; there are several factors such as inflammation;expression of mast cells and macrophages increases the level of NGF in the body. Further,
mutation in NGF and in the receptor for NGF, tyrosine kinase-A leads to partial or completeinsensitivity to pain. According to the Meta analysis study of Bjurstrom, Girron & Griffis (2016),Lundborg et al. (2010) conducted examined 25 patients with chronic pain to understand the levelof NGF in their body. The Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was collected from their lumbar punctureand all the growth factors were measured in their blood. The researchers found excessive levelsof NGF factor in the CSF and blood of the patients suffering from chronic pain. This is becauseafter injury in the neurons, the nerve failed to transect the complete nerve fascicule and thereforesensation of pain was felt to the patients (Bjurstrom, Girron & Griffis, 2016). This test can beconducted by general physicians who are able to collect CSF and blood samples and conductanalysis according to that with the help of lab assistant. The cost of the tests are less, as bloodsample analysis and CSF analysis are less expensive. Physiotherapist will also be needed as tounderstand the level of pain they will be using their sensory technologies. Measuring instrument for Brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)There are several aspects of central sensitization and in several disorders such asfibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and myofacial pain syndrome, the evidence of structuralpathology is observed. Emergence of pain is also said to be related to expressions of cytokines,tumor necrosis factors, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and interleukins. According toDeitos et al. (2015), the researchers conducted a cross sectional study, in which theyretrospectively pooled baseline data from five other clinical trials including patients with chronicpain however, they did not collected the pathological study. They assessed the functionaldisability of the patients using a questionnaire. Finally, they selected 81 patients for the finalassessment. A serum test was conducted which was further helped to analyze the neuroplasticitymediators concentration. A kit for BDNF detection was used and according to the statistical
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