Mechanism of Action of Liraglutide Drug Paper
Added on 2020-04-07
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MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LIRAGLUTIDE DRUG1NameInstitutionTutorCourseDate of submissionMECHANISM OF ACTION OF LIRAGLUTIDE DRUGIntroductionMetabolic diseases have become a major concern worldwide. Many people both young andadults are suffering from diabetes and obesity. Weight management has, therefore, becomecrucial in obese people and diabetic patients. Liraglutide is a receptor agonist and an analog of(GLP-1 (7-37), glucagon-like peptide-1. It is also a naturally occurring human peptide,and ananalog for Arg34-GLP-1 which is replaced by Glu spaced palmitic acid on the -amino group(Nuffer and Trujillo, p. 929) of lysine at position 26. It’s a fatty acylated GLP-1 analog which islong-acting with a half-life of about 11-15 hours. It is administered subcutaneously in thetreatment of diabetes mellitus as a supplemental agent as well as in weight control managementof overweight and diabetic patients. It has been known to help people shed excess weightespecially those who have Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥ 27 (overweight) and ≥ 30 (obese).
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LIRAGLUTIDE DRUG2Figure 1: Chemical structure of liraglutideIts molecularformulaisC172H265N43O51 while ithas a molecularweight of 3751.262g/mol. This paper,therefore, discusses the proposed mechanism of action of liraglutide drug/ physiological action,and findings of clinical trials. Mode of action of liraglutideand PharmacodynamicsLiraglutide is known to work differently from all other known weight control drugs. Liraglutideexacts its action by binding to albumin. It is marketed as a Victoza in the treatment of diabeteswhile as a Saxenda in weight control management. It was approved in the year 2000 as an aidetherapy by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to exercise and diet in management andcontrol of Type II diabetes. It is usually injected a daily dose of 1.8 mg subcutaneously. Formanagement of weight control, a daily dose of 3.0 mg has been approved recently by the FDA.The results obtained from various clinical trials (phase III) showed that the drug workseffectively. Various researchers have been postulated different mechanisms of action.
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LIRAGLUTIDE DRUG3Delay in gastric emptyingUsually, once food enters the stomach, it is digested and emptied within a given period.However, liraglutide delays the frequency at which food is emptied from the stomach. Themechanism through which it exacts its action is also known as a peripheral mode of action. Itthereby sends a signal of satiety in the intestines making one feel full. Gastrointestinal tract L-cells produce GLP-1, a polypeptide incretin hormone in response to the introduction of foodnutrients into the lumen. Through delayed gastric emptying of food and appetite suppression,liraglutide plays a significant role in weight lowering and maintenance (Jelsing, p. 535). Appetitesuppression ensures the patients reduce the amount of calorie intake. Hunger is known to impactcalorie intake directly. The higher the craving, the greater amount of calorie intake and hencehigh chances of becoming overweight and consequently obese.Activation of brain cells Liraglutide works like the glucagon-like-peptide (GLP-1) hormone which regulates appetite andcravings in the body. It usually acts on the cells of the brain hence activating them. Some studieshave shown arcuate nucleus as the region that mediates GLP-1 receptor used as an agonist byliraglutide (Secher et al., p. 4473). The mechanism is as also known as the central mode ofaction. In turn, the brain regulates the appetite making one feel less hungry. When a person eatsless, the probability of losing weight is high. Animal studies show that GLP-1R, which is apharmacological target for the drug, is present in brain regions responsible for food intakeregulation. Therefore, the drug activates the neurons as well as causing gene expression changes.
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