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Mechatronic System Design PDF

   

Added on  2021-04-20

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Mechatronic System Design
Mechatronic System Design PDF_1

1)Explain how you would tune a PID controller used to control the oil flow rate in anoil refinery. (Hint: It does not matter much what the system is, the conceptualtuning process is the same/similar.) Answer:Generally, the controlling process of a PID controller is adjustable with the help of tuningthe settings of the controller. Tuning refers to a process, where the optimal gains are setfor, P, I along with D, so that the control system can receive a response which is ideal.Generally, the plant control systems are automated. However, control performancechanges along with the passage of time. Thus, it is required tuning. Control system’stuning ensures in improvising the plant’s overall performance. The PID controllers helpin controlling the flow rate, pressure, temperature and level of the oil. In the plant, oilrefining controllers comprise of several control loops, for keeping the product’s quality ata required value and for enforcing safe working operations, in the plant. “Guess andcheck” method and the other method named as Ziegler Nichols method, are some of thecommon methods used for tuning. In guess and check method, ‘I’ and ‘D’ are sets as zero. Then, ‘P’ (proportionalgain) will be increased till the loop starts to oscillate. Here, adjustments are required tobalance the stability, by setting the required fast response. It is required to set P and Iwith a required fast control system, that has least steady state error. Further, thederivative term will be maximized, till the loop is reasonably fast and increases itssensitiveness to noise. The Ziegler-Nichols method works exactly like the “Trial anderror method”. Even in this method, I and D will be set as zero then P will be increasedtill the loop begins to oscillate. Later, as the oscillation commences, the information ofcritical gain and oscillation periods are collected, which helps to adjust P, I and D.On the other hand, prior to tuning it is necessary to independently linearize everysingle valve, using controller. The valve’s normal operating range must be considered, incase if the maximum gain is two to three times more when compared to the minimumgain, then it is best to opt linearizing characteristic of flow.Thus, I would use one of the above mentioned methods for tuning the oil, toensure controlling the oil flow rate, in the oil refinery.1
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