Media Annotation: CPR

This document is a review of a video that demonstrates the process of resuscitation and highlights the adherence to ARC guidelines. It discusses the importance of proper chest compressions, rescue breathing ratio, leadership, and the use of prompt machines. It also points out areas for improvement in the resuscitation process.

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CPR
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Introduction
The video reviewed is one that clearly indicates the process of resuscitation. The people involved
are trying their level best to bring back the patient from his current state. During the course of the
review there are many fundamentals things that happen and which can be observed. These
happenings contain both positive and negative effects and which contribute to the process of
resuscitation either being easy or difficult to achieve. There are a number of instances where
poor performance of the process was identified and which need to be corrected in order to ensure
that the whole process conforms to the set guidelines of the ARC. (Amorim, Neto, & Santos,
(2018)
The ARC spells out a guideline (guideline 3) which is fundamental in ensuring that the patient
being worked on is resuscitated in an effective way. According to the ARC, resuscitation can be
described as the preservation or restoration of life by way of maintenance of air, breathing and
circulation and related emergency care.( Basic life support).The main objective of this process is
to ensure that the life of the person being treated to is preserved. The ARC guidelines seek to
ensure that they coordinate the teaching and practice of resuscitation, promote the
standardization of resuscitation techniques and also act as a voluntary body in the coordination of
resuscitation activities. The body strives to ensure that the process of resuscitation is a well-
known uniform practice all over the world and this is to ensure that we achieve the same results
of restoring life by simply following the laid down guidelines. (Bonnes, Brouwer, Navarese,
Verhaert, Verheugt, Smeets, & de Boer, (2016)
According to the video, the lady goes direct to administer breathing ventilation immediately she
notices that the patient is not responding adequately. This is done before she decides now to do

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chest compressions with the help of her colleagues. This should not be the case in relation to the
guidelines for resuscitation. There is need to carry out chest compression in order to see if the
person will respond positively before one can go to the next procedure. This is an important
aspect as chest compressions are known to be of higher success when it comes to the process of
resuscitation as compared to the issue of offering breaths which may delay and take a long time.
The delay that may be occasioned by this process may eventually lead to the loss of life which
could have been avoided.( Lasa, Rogers, Localio, Shults, Raymond, Gaies, & Nadkarni, (2016)
Also we can clearly see that the person administering the chest compressions seems not to fully
aware of the right procedure to use in doing this. The depth of compression that she uses is quite
low and which will prove difficult in trying to restore the life of the patient. The ARC guidelines
recommend that the level of compression should be at least 5cm to generate a positive response.
This recommendation is necessary in enabling one to get a cardiac output (guideline 6). In most
of the patients who have undergone resuscitation, it has been observed that a high number of
people who have been compressed using 5cm and above have been restored easily as compared
to those people who have been compressed using a lower level. Therefore, the lady administering
the compressions needs to increase the depth of the compressions in order to achieve better
results faster.( Gausman, & Gibbon, (2019)
Furthermore, the recommended rescue breathing ratio should be at 30.2.according to the
guidelines from ARC on the CPR measurement. It is advisable that the people administering the
CPR ensure that they maintain this recommended ratio in order for the patient to be successfully
restored. (Morgan, Kilbaugh, Shoap, Bratinov, Lin, Hsieh,(2017). It is quite evident from the
video that the breathing ratio is not anyway near the recommended ratio due to the nature and the
way in which the resuscitation is administered. The lady needs to increase the frequency in

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which she is doing the compression in order to achieve the required ratio. This will be more
helpful in enabling the patient to recuperate faster.
The ARC guidelines also recommend that the person administering the resuscitation process or
the rescuer should have a break and allow another rescuer to take over the process. This is
important as it enables the rescuer to rest before coming back to continue with the process.
(Manara, Dominguez-Gil, Pérez-Villares,& Soar, (2016) A tired rescuer will take a long time in
achieving the desired results as compared to a rescuer who is completely energized. Also the
depth and the rate of compressions is always maintained if the rescuers take turn at administering
the procedure.in the review of the video, there is only one rescuer that is undertaking the whole
process. (Wang, Sinnott, & Nepal,(2018,) The rescuer is coordinating all of the activities in the
room without help and at the same time she is focused on doing the compressions on the patient.
The distraction that is present when she is coordinating the process is a liability to the process as
it makes her lose focus and concentration on the compression part. This lead to the procedure
taking a long time than expected and thus it is something that should be highly discouraged. The
rescuer is also doing the compressions alone and she is bound to get tired at a particular point.
The major problem of her getting tired is the fact that the rate and the pressure being exerted on
the patient will slowly start to decrease and thus the procedure will not be effective at all. In
other fronts, this may lead to loss of life and thus the persons involved should be educated on the
need for change and the effects that will occur if this is not done. ( Liley, Mildenhall, Morley,
(2017).

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Leadership is an important aspect of the resuscitation process. A good leader is able to guide the
others members well and thus make the process much easier. Also proper leadership ensures that
there is good coordination of the activities involved and thus the chances of preservation of life
are increased. In the video there seems to be lack of a definite leader as everyone seems to be
suggesting something to do and this may cause a delay in resuscitating the victim.
Despite the shortfalls that have been witnessed in the review of the video, there are some positive
steps that have been observed in regard to the issue of resuscitation.
In the video we can note that once the rescuer noted that the patient was unresponsive, she
immediately called for help as she prepared herself to start the procedure of restoring life. The
ARC guidelines recommend that the once a person is detected to be non-responsive, one should
check for the danger signs, check response and send which is for asking for help. (Tian, Wang,
Li, & Sun,(2019) .Those steps are critical in ensuring that the patient is quickly responded to and
the right procedure that he or she needs is administered. From the video we can see that the
rescuer immediately sensed danger and then proceeded to check for the response from the
patient. Once she identified that the person was non responsive through the checking of the
pulse, she then hurriedly proceeded to ask for help from her colleagues.in doing all this, the
rescuer followed the guidelines of the ARC promptly and thus this should be encouraged more.
(Guideline 3 of the ARC: unconsciousness)
The video review shows the presence of prompt machines such as that of LUCAS that can be
used by the rescuers in carrying out the procedure. The machines are checked keenly and the
levels are adjusted accordingly. This is in tandem to the level and the state upon which the
procedure has reached. It is assumed the machines offer a high rate of effectiveness due to the

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strength they possess. This is in line with the ARC guidelines (guideline 7) which advocate for
the presence of prompt devices in clinics as a strategy for improving the quality of the CPR
being administered. It is the view of the ARC that all clinics should possess such machines in
order to make the process easier and much more effective. ( Perkins, Handley, Koster, Castrén,
Smyth, Olasveengen, & Ristagno, (2015)
Lastly, there is the use of both compression and rescue breathing in the video. 1The rescuers can
be seen administering both the compression and the breathing in order to try and promptly
restore the patient. This is critical as it means that the rescuers are comfortable in handling both
of the methods and thus this increases the chance of faster restoration of life. According to the
ARC guidelines, it is recommended that in the case one is not or is unwilling to provide rescue
breathing, then he or she should proceed on with administering the compressions (guideline 6).
However it is important to note that they need to first ascertain the level of non-responsiveness in
the patient before any of the methods is chosen for the procedure. (Zubiaga, Liakata, Procter,
Bontcheva, & Tolmie,(2015,).
In conclusion we can therefore say that the video has tried to show the important elements that
are required in the resuscitation process and the relevance of them. It has tried to cover various
aspects that any rescuer should be able to consider while preparing to undertake such a
procedure. Furthermore, there are areas that have been highlighted in which the rescuers should
take note and improve on them in order to ensure that the whole process of administering CPR is
carried out in an effective and timely manner. This will be of much help to both the person being
restored and also to the rescuers. (Wu, Li, Lee,Wang, & Huang, (2015)
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