Role of Media in (Re)producing Ideology and Impact of Fake News on Social Media

This content explores the role of media in (re)producing ideology and the impact of fake news on social media. It includes research articles and books from J-Stor and Google Books. The sources provide insights on the use of fake news as a propaganda tool, the effectiveness of social media in spreading fake news, and the credibility of online news. The content also highlights the importance of digital literacy and multidisciplinary approaches to fake news.

Philosophy
What is ideology and what is the role of the media in (re)producing ideology?
How do we understand the impact of “fake news” today in the era of social media?

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BA1001 Annotation Template (Assessment Task 1)
Topic:
Social Media and Fake News
Journal
J-Stor
References
Gentzkow, M., & Allcott, H. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. The
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-235
Fake news is a major propaganda tool used online today. Evidenced in the 2016 US national
elections social media was a major tool of accusations and counter attacks. An online survey
on the effectiveness of web browsing data as a news source reveals that 14% of Americans
rely on the importance of social media as news. The viral effect of information presented
online makes it an appropriate platform for spreading information to millions of people
(Flaxman, Goel, & Rao, 2016). This research discovered that Trump maximised on

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ideologically segregated social media by sharing fake news 24 million times more than
Clinton’s number of shares.
The Journal of Economic Perspective (JEP) bridges the gap between press media and
academic journals. It is a synthesis of economic research in public policy, ideological
thoughts, and economic issues. Hunt Allcot works as Associate Professor of Economics in the
New York University in New York. Gentzkow is an Economics Professor at Stanford
University in California. These are research associates with the National Bureau of Economic
Research in Massachusetts, Cambridge. The paper presents figures of graphs and charts
showing fake news trends over the years unveiling the Gentzkow & Allcott (2017) model of
Fake news. The research uses more than 70 references in the post 2000 years.
The source contains crucial researched information from secondary data on fake news. It
contains strong evidence for a multidisciplinary approach to fake news. It also highlights the
effectiveness of fake news in campaign strategies while pointing at its importance. From the
findings, it is clear that the consumption of fake news is high and its demand poses questions
of credibility and consumer protection from misconceptions.
https://web.stanford.edu/~gentzkow/research/fakenews.pdf
Additional References

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Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news
consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80 (S1), 298-320.
Word count: 276
BA1001 Annotation Template (Assessment Task 1)

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Topic:
True Story and Fake News
Book
Google Books
References
Dice, M. (2017). The true story of fake news: How mainstream media manipulates millions.
The Resistance Manifesto.
Mike Dice raises questions about fake news and its existence online. He points out that the
process of creating fake news, real world effects and its unstoppable wave. The book
highlights the threat that fake news poses for mainstream media and how major channels are
using fake news to draw consumer’s attention. The analysis draws attention to the power of
deceptive manipulation beyond social media. He considers its manipulation on Google, in
organizations, politics and its use in popular technology companies.

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Media analyst Mark Dice is an author whose style leans towards the mainstream media and its
role in shaping society. Having written 11 books, he is a strong authority in the subject. His
interest in controversial topics shows a courageous analyst who does not fear to delve into the
unusual saga featured in online news (Hobbs, 2017). He owns a popular YouTube channel
with millions of viewers. The popularity of his videos give him a platform on top news
channels like Fox News, CNN, and New York Times. He receives recognition on TV shows
too and it unfolds the reality about how website and everything on deformation, scandals and
fake news.
The use of hundreds of footnote references gives the book credibility because of its deep
research. The book has 23 sections enriched with information, analysis on fake news in other
web links, besides social media. It identifies fake news as a powerful tool that media owners
can use instead of critiquing it. The book cites media links, court cases, articles, and books
https://books.google.co.ke/books?
id=usc8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT7&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false
Additional References
Hobbs, R. (2017). Teach the conspiracies. Knowledge Quest, 46(1), 16.

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Word count: 254
BA1001 Annotation Template (Assessment Task 1)
Topic: Role of media in reproducing ideology Website

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J-Stor
References
Bennett, L. (2016, November 30). Four Hard Truths About Fake News. Retrieved from Jstor
Daily: https://daily.jstor.org/four-hard-truths-about-fake-news/
Despite its accessibility, the internet lacks credibility as a news channel. It has come under
criticism over the years because of its high record of fake news. Filled with deceptions internet
news has uncertainties. A list of some of the popular fake news highlights interesting news
ideas designed to capture the attention of the reader. Four truths about this kind of information
unveils its use of ideologies such as capitalism spread via strategies like the entertainment.
Based on amoral principles fake news has no integrity, and lacks consumer trust.
J-Stor Digital Website is a digital website with academic and current issues. With more than
2000 journals, it serves more than 8000 institutions across the globe. Alexandra Juhasz heads
the Brooklyn College Film Department. A media practitioner, Alexandra’s contributions is in

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community, personal and political change. Her works include books, videos and
documentaries. “Four Hard Truths about Fake News” provides quality content with credible
and uses images from quality links like Flickr to highlight the message (Kanellos, Iftene,
Lupu, Popescu, & Ginsca, 2015). It covers critical areas of Fake News to provide digital
literacy but leaves out solutions that shape consumer trust.
This website is a connection between an academic inquiry about the subject and the media
production. Written for professionals and scholars the author has a strong background in media
and scholarly works in media. With more than 20 years’ experience, the author has a
background in traditional and digital media.
DOCUMENTATION:
https://daily.jstor.org/four-hard-truths-about-fake-news/
References
Kanellos, I., Iftene, A., Lupu, M., Popescu, A., & Ginsca, A. L. (2015). Evaluating User Image
Tagging Credibility. International Conference of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for

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European Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Word count: 265
Tavlin, N. (2012, August 2015). How false news can spread. Retrieved from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSKGa_7XJkg
Austin, L., Fisher, L., & Jin, Y. (2012). How audiences seek out crisis information: Exploring the
social-mediated crisis communication model. Journal of Applied Communication Research,
40(2), 188-207.

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Conroy, N. J., Rubin, V. L., & Chen, Y. (2015). Automatic deception detection: Methods for
finding fake news. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 1,
pp. 1-4. 52.
BA1001 Concept Plan Template (Assessment Task 1)
Topic: Authenticity and Strategy on Social Networking
The use of fake news is a strategy that websites or individuals use to influence online
traffic. Online consumers are quick to follow scandalous information. The old media
strategy on (Walsh, 2015). Business organizations use social media data analytics for
media marketing. Social media strategies are effective in making money and the
performance of tweets increases sales and sparks conversations about products and
services. Fake news becomes useful in enhancing conversations however, high quality
content is necessary for credibility.

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How will your annotated sources support the discussion of the paradigm in the essay?
Suggest an outline with one point proposed for each paragraph of the essay.
Tavlin (2012) gives a video presentation on social media sites in enhancing the
professional image stating that global news today comes from news networks. This
information is viral hence ideal for circulation.
Austin, Fisher, & Jin (2012) explores how consumers search for information online. The
social-mediated communication ( SMCC) approach points at crisis information and how
friends and family source for information
Conroy, Rubin, & Chen (2015) research about technology as an instrument of deception
and the emergence of fake news. This article analyses data mechanisms for detecting fake
news and through network approaches.
Do you think you will need to look for any additional research sources?
Further research from the schools database may be necessary in order to include challenges
faced in detecting and overcoming fake news.

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What preliminary ideas do you have for the design of the Poster in terms of layout, colour
and images? List three (3) ideas.
- I will focus on the important details to summarise the importance of the
information and existing research gaps
- I will use vivid images with colour and text creativity
- I will incorporate the latest data findings for objectivity
Word count:255