Analysis of Medical and Toxicological Conditions in Paramedicine

This report examines medical and toxicological conditions within the context of paramedicine, using a case study of a 3-year-old male with febrile convulsion. It explores the factors influencing the non-transport of the patient, considering parental decisions and potential risks. The pathophysiology of febrile seizures, including simple and complex forms, is discussed, along with the importance of assessing the patient's condition, including the cause of the fever and underlying health issues. The report also covers assessment considerations, such as medical history, laboratory tests, and risk management. Finally, it addresses referral options, patient advice, and safety plans for undiagnosed conditions, emphasizing the need for parental education and appropriate medical care. The report concludes by highlighting the significance of understanding and managing febrile convulsions in children to prevent complications and ensure optimal health outcomes.

MEDICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN PARA
MEDICINE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................1
Factors involved in non-transport of the patient..............................................................1
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................2
Pathophysiology of the condition....................................................................................2
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................4
Pertinent assessment consideration and why these factors are important.......................4
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................5
Referral options, patient advice and safety pans for undiagnosed conditions and
potential for deterioration................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Health problems have been increasing among people due to increasing risk prevailing
factors and also due to number of diseases. The present research study has been made on
a 3 year old male post-self-limited who has Febrile Convulsion; however his parents are
happy for the child to stay at home. Thus, in this context the study has been describing
about the pathophysiology of the medical problem along with the present medical
condition of the patient. Information regarding safety initiatives is also mentioned in this
respect along with the potential risks of non- transport.
TASK 1
Factors involved in non-transport of the patient
Non transport of the patient exists in various situations especially when the patient itself
does not want to shift to the hospital. Parents may also refuse to send the patient to the
hospital because of many factors such as lack of financial availability, lack of trust on
health care facilities and many more. However, prior transporting the patient to the care
entity, it is essential to consider the risk associated factors that might occur in between
transportation (Kumar, Bhushan & Kumar, 2018). Transportation of patients is essential
especially when the health problem is severe and it cannot be managed without the
assistance of hospital. In the present case, 3 year old child has been diagnosed with
Febrile Convulsion in which it is found that his body temperature is increasing.
It is also known as febrile seizure which also fits with fever and in which seizure is
associated with a high body temperature. It does not have any serious health issue; but it
commonly occurs in children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years. The foremost
reason for which it occurs in viral infection and it is less commonly developed by
bacterial infection (Tinsley, 2018). This sort of infection is accompanied by high fever
and it can also lead to febrile convulsion. In the present case, the child has been showing
a unique response to fever through affecting the brain. Since, the fever is harmless; so the
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parents might be ready to stay the child at home. They must be considering other factors
which can affect the brain status of the child while being at the hospital.
The necessity of transport does not require here as the parent is looking for other aspects
that might improve the health dimensions. The child has been behaving appropriately;
thus the parents are happy to stay him at home. They must be having lack of financial
availability; therefore this reason might affect them to admit the child at hospital (Byeon,
Kim & Eun, 2018). They are aware about the cost aspect which is involved in the
treatment; thus this might be restricting them for transportation of the child. The child is
affected by viral infection; so he should remain at home so that the chances of further
infection can be avoided and reduced. Apart from this, it is also crucial for the parents to
protect the child from environmental factors which may cause other health problems.
This may further severely affect the child. There are various elements present in the
environment which can cause other health problems and which may also develop the
stages of infection; henceforth the child needs to be protected from all such factors.
In this stage, it is essential to keep the child safe so that health temperature may reach to a
specific state. This fever is caused by viral infection; therefore the parents should take
care of the factors that might occur in this problem. At home, appropriate diet can be
given to the child; hence this might help him to get recover as early as possible. Along
with the process of medication, child can gain better care being at home which can also
improve his mental stability. Pressure on the brain can be reduced through finding good
environment and this can also help in enhancing the immunity power of the brain
(Canpolat, et al. 2018). Therefore, these must be the factors which the parents are
considering for non-transport of the patient. Along with this, hospital may also do not
accept to treat the patient due to lack of appropriate facilities available with them.
Henceforth, all the above mentioned factors must be greatly contributing to non-transport
of the patient to the hospital. This might benefit the child in numerous ways especially on
health grounds.
TASK 2
Pathophysiology of the condition
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Febrile seizures are most commonly defined as seizures which take place during fever.
The fever also affects the central nervous system and can lead to invasive infection which
is most common in infants and young children. It lasts for around 10 to 15 minutes which
is not associated with subsequent epilepsy or other cognitive deficits (Konig, et al. 2018).
It is also linked with hyperpyrexia and convulsions which describes the immature
reaction of children to infection. Thus, it requires the paramedics to give proper care to
the patient so that the impact of convulsion can be mitigated to an extent. The
temperature of the body increases regardless of any associated factor; hence paramedics
should continually recognize on all the same aspect. There should be proper
administration of antipyretic medication which is given to the patient.
Other cooling strategies can also be adopted for the purpose of careful monitoring of the
health conditions. This is chiefly identified by laboratory investigation and if the chances
of infection are not found, then the case can be referred for viral. There should be
appropriate treatment for the child so that adequate understanding can be acquired by the
means by which fever leads to seizure generation (Kumar, Bhushan & Kumar, 2018). The
child may have high fever than 100.4 F, lose consciousness and shake or jerk in legs and
arms. Febrile convulsion can be classified into two categories such as simple febrile
convulsion and complex febrile seizures. Simple febrile lasts for around 15 minutes and it
is not confined to a specific body part. However, on the other hand complex febrile
seizures occur after 24 hours and are limited to one side of child’s body.
Usually, the fever is triggered by viral infection, and that spreads due to flu or roseola
infection which is accompanied by high fever and is most commonly linked with febrile
seizures. The risk may increase after some childhood immunization like as tetanus,
pertussis or measles- rubella vaccinations and diphtheria (Tinsley, 2018). Here, in this
condition a child may develop low-grade fever after a vaccination. Thus, such fever
causes seizures. At young age, most febrile seizures occur in children between 6 months
and 5 years of age. It does not post any lasting effects and it does not cause brain damage.
Therefore, this does not produce mental retardation or learning disabilities; but proper
care and treatment is essential in all domains.
Fever is regarded as an elevation of body temperature which is most often induced by
thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus which gives responses to certain situations.
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This sign is also regarded as an adaptive mechanism that develops the purpose of
stimulating the immune system. At the same time, it also preserves the cell membrane
which is integrated with numerous threats (Gofshteyn, et al. 2017). There exists a
correlation between fever and epileptic seizure and this concept has been well established
for years. While treating the 3 year old child, it is essential for the clinicians to consider
four different patient sub-groups such as – children with febrile seizure, patients who
have controlled epilepsy wherein fever develops new seizures, patients who have acute
symptomatic seizures and patients with seizures which can be manifested with non-
epileptic conditions.
In clear terms, it can be said that the child is having neurological condition; hence he is
expected to develop one epileptic seizure during the febrile illness. However, herein the
parents have to ensure that the child the seizures are not prolonged else it would
increased the risk of developing epilepsy (Lin, et al. 2018). Along with body temperature,
consideration is also required in analyzing the body movements. Development of other
factors might impact the child’s mental capability to respond; therefore appropriate
treatment is essential in this area.
Task 3
Pertinent assessment consideration and why these factors are important
Assessment consideration is essential to be found out in the patient as that might help in
overcoming the situation through regulating the dosage of medicines. There should be
appropriate focus on diagnosing the cause of fever and all the underlying conditions. By
indicating the condition of febrile convulsion, laboratory tests can be carried out to know
about other co-morbid problems associated with the fever (Pokorn, et al. 2017). In this
context, clinicians should also obtain medical history of the patient by consulting the
parents and also by checking the previous medication process. There should be
appropriate management of febrile seizures which chiefly involves the administration of
diazepam and this happens if the seizures do not stop by themselves.
Fever related discomfort and other secondary symptoms of elevated body temperature
can be reduced by suitable administration of antipyretic drugs. However, these drugs are
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not useful in preventing febrile seizures but it addresses other requirements of the health
situations. With proper assessment, entire administration of the body can be carried out
and patient can get clinical assistance accordingly. At the same time, it requires suitable
assessment of medical records through carrying out laboratory results. It is also crucial to
conduct blood cell count to analyze the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and platelets
count. Further, co-reactive protein concentration should also be administered along with
other tests (Higuchi, et al. 2017).
Clinicians usually adopt a four steps approach in assessment of febrile convulsion which
involves formulating a database, analyzing risks, patient selection and selection of the
treatment strategy. While formulating the database, there are certain mandatory things
which needs to be included like- age of patient, history of febrile seizure in family
degree, day care attendance, duration between the fever and development of seizures,
complexity of FS, duration of postictal phase, presence of papilledema, neck stiffness,
presence of any neurological deficits and petechiae analysis.
Afterwards, during risk management, it is essential to know about the factors that
develops first febrile seizures. Clinicians should also focus on analyzing development of
any sort of epilepsy in children with FS. When the peak temperature increases and it
becomes higher, the chances of recurrence also increases; thus it becomes important to
mention about the peak temperature which develops during the first seizure occurs (Grau-
López, et al. 2017). This is also associated with the family history which is one most
common onset of developing febrile convulsion. In the case of 3 year old child, chances
of multiple risk factors are higher along with recurrence; henceforth suitable
administration is required in all aspects.
Afterwards, there should be right selection for the patient for prophylaxis or any other
treatment. This is carried out after knowing the risks involved in the situation.
Practitioners always select those cases when the patient is far away from medical
facilities due to right access of medical aid. The patient can also be treated when he has
preexisting neurological deficit with prominent temporal semiology (Lin, et al. 2018).
Along with these factors, it is also imperative for the clinicians to administer if the patient
has three or more risk factors which can lead to recurrence of febrile seizures. Since, this
can create more complexity in health aspects; therefore all such things should be vitally
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analyzed prior selecting the method of treatment. Last is about drug selection in which
the best treatment policy is parental education which starts from the benign nature of
seizures. They are also educated about risks and benefits of medications prescribed.
TASK 4
Referral options, patient advice and safety pans for undiagnosed conditions and
potential for deterioration
On the basis of risk and benefit analysis, there should be proper medical management for
the patient having febrile convulsion. This is usually indicated in children who have
experienced seizures for around 1 time or more. Phenobarbital is one such therapy that
can be provided to the patient as a continuous therapy which decreases the occurrence of
subsequent febrile seizures (Offringa, et al. 2017). Along with this, Pharmacologic
therapy can also be provided along with other procedures. Benzodiazepine can be
provided for febrile convulsion in which the agents can rapidly act for acute seizures.
However, for prolonged seizures, patients can be provided rectal diazepam which also
aids in preventing future episodes of febrile status.
Nursing management is also essential for the purpose of identifying potential problems
the causes that may lead to the condition and its reoccurrence as well. Paramedics are
required to underline the triggering factors by determining the causes of the seizures. This
is highly useful in getting recovered with prospective treatment (Renda, et al. 2017). On
consistent basis, monitoring of patient’s heart rate and blood pressure rate is essential
along with tympanic or rectal temperature. Excess of age and weight can also create
problems and can also generate the risk of inability to control the body temperature.
Monitoring of fluid intake and urine output is also vital to correct the issue of
dehydration.
On the basis of assessment data, further nursing diagnosis can be carried out such as
hyperthermia which is related to antigens or microorganisms that creates inflammation in
the body. There should be appropriate monitoring regarding imbalanced nutrition as that
impacts body’s daily energy needs (Nguyen, Whitehall and Edwards, 2017). If the child
has ineffective tissue perfusion, then it can fail to nourish the tissues at the capillary level.
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Under nursing care plan, the main goal of paramedic is to check patient’s temperature
whether decreases or increases.
Apart from this, paramedic managing this case will have to identify measures to promote
nutrition and accordingly there should be proper follow up of treatment regimen
(Aburjania, et al. 2017). Discussion is also required to be carried out regarding diet so
that parents can encourage the child to have proper diet for his disease. Paramedic should
also elevate head of bed during night for the purpose of increasing gravitational flow of
blood.
CONCLUSION
Summing up the case, it can be sad that considering the medical condition of the patient,
proper treatment ought to be provided. Teaching is essential to be facilitated among the
parents regarding rectal diazepam; however this occurs in the emergency situation; still it
is quite beneficial to be aware about. Therefore, in all such contexts it is called as the
most reliable and convenient type of treatment for the patient. In the case, if the condition
of patient changes, then long term treatment can be provided.
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