Medical Assignment on Study Design, Identification of Coronary Heart Disease, Multivitamins and Cardiovascular Mortality

This medical assignment covers study design, identification of coronary heart disease, multivitamins and cardiovascular mortality. It includes information on the Cox regression model, risk factors, relative risks, dose response relationship, and calcium supplements.

Medical assignment
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Table of contents
Part A...............................................................................................................................................3
Part B...............................................................................................................................................3
Part C...............................................................................................................................................4
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Part A
Answer 1: The study design of the study is the identification in context to the inactive individuals
in context to the dimensions of the physical activity. The Cox regression model was inherited in
this study.
Answer 2: The source for the identification of the coronary heart disease was pain, numbness,
weakness, nausea and heartburn. There were several other sources of identification which
includes sensation in the back, upper abdomen, shoulders and pain in chest.
Answer 3: The participants were excluded because there health index was below average. There
mass index was not normal.
Answer 4: The CHD incidence in context to the risk factors was 2889 in men and 3803 in
women. The age groups in context to women ranged from 30 to 74 years.
Answer 5: The relative risks in context to the coronary disease were the low cholesterol rates and
concentration. The cross section study showed that vigorous exercise led to the fatal CHD and
myocardial infarction in the coming period.
Answer 6: the relative risk was the rise in the cholesterol rates in context to persisting vigorous
exercise. However, there were exercises that reduced the relative risk. The exercises were
running, rowing and weight training. For example, males who smoke arm or adhered in context
to coronal diseases.
Answer 7: The major confounders that were e not incorporated in this study was hypertension,
depression, smoking, anxiety, psychological distress and job strain.
Answer 8: The major barrier was that the study was organized in two dimensions. This was the
main reason. They only targeted the inactive individuals but the active individuals are also
vulnerable to the coronary diseases.
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Part B
Answer1: The study was conducted in context to the general public. The subjects adhered were
mostly the patients and the attendants of the hospital. The general public was questioned on the
basis of their intake of multivitamins.
Answer 2: The data was collected through the primary data collection method. Several survey
questions were prepared by the researcher. In which 120 individuals were investigated about the
usage of the multivitamins. The data collected gave the figures of the number of males and
females. The questionnaire involved questions related to the intake of the multivitamins. The
data also gave rise to the fact that the individuals had no ideas about the water soluble and fat
soluble vitamins. The excess of the fat soluble vitamins gives rise to the hyper-vitaminosis D and
excess of vitamin k leads to the clotting of blood. On the other hand water soluble vitamins
cannot be stored in the body expect for vitamin B12.
Answer 3: It was found out that 54 were females and 66 were males. 82 of the total participants
took multivitamins. Among them 57 people took them in context to the doctor’s advice, 12.1%
on their friends and family member’s advice.
Answer 4: Most of population thought that multivitamins did not cause harm as they were not
aware of the ill effects of the drug. The percentage included of 70.96%.
Answer 5: These researchers are based in context to the researches done by the researcher in
terms of the survey methods, questionnaires and secondary data collection method.
Part C
Answer 1: The authors have conducted research in context to the cardiovascular mortality and
the relation between water quality and the cardio vascular deaths. The main cause of the deaths
was the concentration in terms of the magnesium and calcium in drinking water. It has been
established by the study that been done in south of France. The study was conducted in relation
to the ill effects of calcium depositions in the water source.
Answer 2: The dose response relationship generally refers to the effect that an organism
experiences which are caused by different exposure levels after a certain period of time. In this
regard, the water source was the dose relation with the deaths taking place. The elder generation
could not bear the exposure of calcium and magnesium in their drinking water. The lack of
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sanitation in the various divided zones was also a profound problem. The computation was done
in context to the values of the concentrations and drinking water. The data was available in terms
of 69 communities. The magnesium was adhered protective in this context.
Answer 3: Two main strengths of this study-
 The first strength of this study is that the researchers divided the zones in various
numbers to obtain accurate results. The checking of the water source and exposure was
done separately for the various divisions.
 They conducted two surveys to measure the ph values and the chemical concentrations.
The routine measurements were entailed for water sources. The computation was
subjected for each of the zones. The hourly flow of water and contribution of the water
sources were recorded.
 The researches excluded the communities on the basis of the changes in terms of the
water distribution. Six of the communities have been eliminated due to the changes in
the water distribution.
Two weaknesses of the study-
 The main weakness was that the data was available only for the 69 communities.
Accuracy of the data was needed to perform the actions.
 The points were based in context to the tertile values. The division of the data was needed
to be incorporated in more than 3 groups for better results. This division only gave one
third of each group data. More planning and checking of the resources was needed to
ensure the quality of the data collection method.
Answer 4: Calcium supplements are common in context to the elders. Age groups in or above 65
are already vulnerable to the cardiovascular diseases. The calcium supplements make it even
worse and if the drinking water has calcium exposure than it becomes more susceptible to the
health of the elders. However the deficiency of magnesium leads to vascular diseases. It is
ethical in terms of calcium as it constitutes the properties of cardio vascular diseases. The
extended amount of calcium causes deaths.
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