Medical Device: Electromyogram (EMG) - Safety and Applications

This report provides a comprehensive overview of electromyogram (EMG) devices, starting with an introduction to the technology and its application in assessing the health of muscles and nerve cells. It delves into the electrical and safety considerations, including international standards and interference sources. The report explores the physiological functions and disease states detectable by EMG, along with the characteristics and limitations of sEMG and intramuscular EMG sensors. It further examines signal transduction, temporal frequency, spatial domains, and common values in healthy and diseased patients. The calibration of transducers in EMG devices is discussed, along with sources of interference and operational errors that can lead to erroneous measurements. The report concludes with a list of cited references including books, journals and online resources.

Medical device- Electromyogram
(EMG)
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Contents
TASKS.......................................................................................................................................3
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TASKS
Overview of medical technology
Electromyography is based on the diagnostic procedure to assess the health of
muscles and nerve cells that help for controlled in proper manner. EMG can be resulted as
never as dysfunction, problem with never to muscle within signal transmission (Drosu and
Drosu, 2019). Generally, motor neurons transmit electrical signals which causes muscles to
contract.
This type of EMG technology measure muscle response of electrical activity in term
of nerve’s stimulation (Electromyography, 2018). It help for detecting the neuromuscular
abnormalities at the time of testing. On the other hand, it also understands that EMG record
the every movement of human muscles on the basis of fact, whenever muscle contract, burst
of electric activity and also generated with progress.
Describe electrical and general safety consideration in use of Electromyography device
In context of electrical and safety, An EMG machine offers better simulation device
that can easily excite nerves and other muscles. For example- magnetic field, reflex hammer
and so on (Su and et.al., 2020). Sometimes, it can be interfaced to give better timing signals
through triggers, in order to achieve the better instruments pass in the form of digitized
signals through digital to analogue convert.
When using the EMG consider the specific international standards in context of
electro-diagnostic (Thymi, Verhoeff and Lobbezoo, 2020). For Example- there are maximum
amount of current, which leaks to ground of medical devices. For maintaining high degree of
safety, it should consider MPLS or VPN for ensuring the correct functionality of MEG
device.
Two Examples physiological function and disease states that EMG medical device is
designed to detect
Example: 1
Charcot-Marie tooth disease cannot be detected by EMG device because it only
showing the rate of frequency in term of digital signals. This will not addressed physiological
function and current state of disease.
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Example: 2
In context of amyloid neuropathy disease, it cannot identified with the help of EMG
because it is based on the never enlargement that may not readily distinguish from device.
Describe the physiological function and disease states that EMG medical device is designed
to detect.
The physiological functioning are considered both biochemical as well as biophysical process
that established the communication between different cells. Physiological state is condition as
normal function while referring to abnormal condition or situation.
EMG device can detect the neuromuscular disease at early stage. This type of disease
will increase problems such as nerve injuries, degenerative condition that mainly identified
through EMG.
Discuss about some of major sensor characteristics and limitations
sEMG sensor (Surface electrodes)
Characteristics
 Using Non-invasive technology which making EMG device as not painful for person
Commonly applicable in sports as well as clinical health (Yamaguchi and et.al., 2020)
Limitations:
 It is the simple and easy to measure EMG but restrict to superficial muscles and also
dependent on the different variables in term of weight loss.
Intramuscular EMG sensor
Characteristics
 It takes measurement through inserting a monopolar needle as electrode through skin
and muscle tissue.
 It is one of safe option which may cause discomfort when inserting needle.
Limitations
 It is possible to contamination of deeper muscles and also recording as needle shaft
which may exposed.
Transduced, digitized signals in context of temporal frequency, spatial domains and other
common values in healthy or diseases patients.
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The transduced is based on the conversion of signals from one analog form into
another. Sound or noise is the transduced into digitalized or electrical signals by microphone.
In context of temporal, frequency, spatial domain and common values for both diseased and
healthy patient.
Temporal Frequency Spatial domain Common value
Healthy
patient
3.12 Hz. 70 Hz myopathy and
neuropathy condition
(5–10) ms
Diseased
patient
50 Hz. 220 Hz. neurological disorders 15ms
Table : 1
Figure 1Digital Signals
Discuss about the calibration of transducers in devices.
The calibration and signals rescaling procedure through EMG device that mainly
support for representing the input value for analog channels by using MP 150 is +_ 10 volts.
The displacement transducer calibration using SSL14L with TCI114. Calibration of
transducers in EMG device to compare the output signals of sensor and compare with value
measured by accurate device.
The calibration adjustment for sensor involve into two different parameters such as
span, zero. These are located on the carrier demodulator. For Example- if adjustment of zero
sets the output signals to be 0vdc. When applied the pressure to sensor in the device that can
easily set output to +10 vdc.
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Describe the source of interference that introduce noise and reduce best quality of signals
The actual source of interference is Electromagnetic radiation which always support
for EMG device to identifying the noise and easily reduce best quality of signals (Zulkifli and
et.al., 2019). Basically, noise can be occurred when increasing technical source within power
line. Adversely, it directly affecting the quality of signals.
Identifying most common operational errors in context of equipment, how lead to erroneous
measurements.
There are some common operational errors in use of equipment where it could be increasing
the erroneous measurements.
 Incorrect connection: EMG is basically used to generate device control commands
for purpose of rehabilitation but it has developed contaminates signal which may
causes of incorrect connection.
 Incorrect procedure: The medical diagnostic procedure that involves insertion of
needle electrodes but it may increase exploration of muscle and contract (Zulkifli and
et.al., 2019).
 Poor patient co-operation: A lack of coordination because EMG is not completely
perfect, it does not detecting the never or muscle. Whether median neuropathy at
generated carpal tunnel syndrome.
In this way, it could lead to the different erroneous measurement within EMG device because
of false negative identification errors.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Drosu, A.I. and Drosu, O.M., 2019, March. A Bio-potential Measurement Solution for the
Acquisition of Electromyogram. In 2019 11th International Symposium on Advanced
Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Su, H. and et.al., 2020. Depth vision guided hand gesture recognition using
electromyographic signals. Advanced Robotics. pp.1-13.
Thymi, M., Verhoeff, M.C. and Lobbezoo, F., 2020. Patient‐based experiences with the use
of an ambulatory electromyographic device for the assessment of masticatory muscle
activity during sleep. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 47(5). pp.557-566.
Yamaguchi, T. and et.al., 2020. Portable and wearable electromyographic devices for the
assessment of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism: A literature review. CRANIO®.
pp.1-9.
Zulkifli, A. and et.al., 2019. Development of wearable electromyogram (EMG) device for
upper extremity in aerobic exercise. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering (Vol. 469, No. 1, p. 012085). IOP Publishing.
Online
Source: Electromyography. 2018. [Online] Available through: <
https://www.healthline.com/health/electromyography >
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