Medical Implants and Their Uses | Assignment
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Added on 2020-03-16
Medical Implants and Their Uses | Assignment
Added on 2020-03-16
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Running head: MEDICAL DEVICESMedical Devices and DiagbosticsName of the student:Name of the university:Author note:
1MEDICAL DEVICESAbstract This assignment deals with the study of the medical implants and their use in the field ofhealthcare and treatment. A medical implant is a type of device that can be used as areplacement of a biological structure. These implants are generally manmade as compared tothe transplant because it is a biomedical tissue. The surfaces of the implants that are in contactwith the body are generally made up of biomedical material such as titanium or siliconedepending upon its needs. Some of the implants contains electronics, for example, pacemaker.Some are bioactive implants. In this assignment there is a detailed description about twodifferent types of medical implants, its material, design, clinical efficacy and safety. From thispaper you can get a clear idea of the use of medical implants.
2MEDICAL DEVICESPacemaker Introduction A pacemaker is a device which is very small in size and is placed in the chest orabdomen. It is help to control the abnormality of the heart beats (as shown in fig. 1). Thisdevice works by using low energy electric for prompting the heart to beat at normal rates.Pacemakers are generally used for treating arrhythmias. Arrhythmia is type of dysfunction ofthe heart where a person suffers from the problems with the rate of the rhythm of heartbeat.In case of arrhythmia, the heartbeat may become too fast or too slow or with an irregularrhythm (Foster et al. 2017). Having a pacemaker can extraordinarily enhance your personalsatisfaction and for a few people it can be life saving. Most pacemakers are extremely solid andagreeable. They're littler than a normal matchbox and weigh around 20 to 50 grams. Materials The materials that are used for making the pacemakers must be nontoxic, sterilizableand have the ability to function according to the conditions of the body. The parts of thepacemaker include the casing, electronics and the leads. These parts are generally made up ofbiocompatible materials. The casing is generally made up of titanium or metal alloy but theseare insulated with a polymer such as polyurethane. In this design the metal tip is only exposedand the circuit is generally made up of semiconductors of silicon (Miller, Nazarian and Halperin2016).Design
3MEDICAL DEVICESThe pacemaker generally made up of battery, leads and the circuit which consist ofresistors, diodes, capacitors, and semiconductors. The battery is needed to store energy for thestimulation of heart. It is also used to provide the sensors with power. The leads that are usedto build up the pacemaker are thin and insulated. For the single chambers pacemakers a singlelead is needed and for dual chambers pacemakers, two leads are needed. The modern day’spacemakers are a bigger improvement as compared to the earlier models, as the circuit modelshave become much smaller (Weiss et al. 2013). These results in the consumption of less spacein the body; require less energy and are greatly reliable.Mechanism of actionThe pacemaker helps for monitoring and control the heartbeat. The electrodes present in thepacemaker detect the heartbeat and sends the data through the wires to the computer. If theheart beat is abnormal then the generator will send electric pulses to the heart. Then thesepulses travel through the wires and reach the heart. They can also adjust the heart rate so thatthe heart can work in a better way (Brunner et al. 2014).Clinical safety and efficacy The modern pacemakers are safe to use. According to Khan et al. (2013), the pacemakercan be used during electromagnetic bronchosopy. They had proved that pacemakers of 1.5-T or3-T magnetic fields can be used in the MRI scanners. They selected some 24 patients with thepacemakers and suffering from lung lesions. Then the electromagnetic bronchoscopy was done,then pacing systems were interrogated and then ECG was recorded. It was seen that there wereno disturbances in the pacemaker device and those are working well. It is safe while going
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