Medical Questions: Pathogens, T Cells, Influenza, Probiotics, Viral Infection Diagnosis

Medical questions

Table of Contents
QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................3
QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................3
QUESTION 3...................................................................................................................................4
QUESTION 4...................................................................................................................................5
QUESTION 5...................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

QUESTION 1
True pathogen refers to an infectious agent which is able to cause disease in susceptible
host. Along with this, opportunities and pathogens are refers to potentially infectious agent
which rarely cause disease in any individual who is having healthy immune system.
Opportunistic pathogens refers to a group of microorganism which infects a healthy host.
Pathogen can cause disease when host is not having better immune system and lead to create
infection within them. Opportunistic pathogens are the one who can only cause disease when
host defence mechanism has been compromised due to any situation like a normal microbiota,
immune system or protective barriers. Opportunistic organisms are the one who have low
pathogenicity and able to cause serious infection when defence mechanism of host are
compromised. Then in this situation opportunistic organism are able to create infection.
There are different type of pathogens which includes bacteria, fungi, virus and parasites.
Pathogens are the one who cause illness within host through different ways. Most of the way is it
direct damages tissue or cell during replication. This is done during production of toxins. This
allows to reach or exit new tissue or cell in which they can get replicated. Bacterial toxins are
deadliest poison which includes Anthrax, tetanus, botulinum toxin which also known as Botox in
commercial application. Damage of hosts is open self inflicted throw access on response which
indiscriminately kills an infected cells and infected cells by damaging host tissues. Cirrhosis and
liver cancer in Hepatitis B is one of the example of maladaptive overreaction of immune system.
Influencer is able to transmit generally through aerosols which is created through coughing and
sneezing. Vibrio Cholera able to trigger strong inflammatory response in get mucosa and lead to
create watery diarrhoea (Di Franco, (2017)).
QUESTION 2
There are two type of T cells helper T cell and cytotoxic T cell. As the name helper T cell
is able to help the other cell of immune system. Whereas, cytotoxic T cell is able to kill viral
infected tumors and cells TCR is not able to bind antigen directly.
Antigen processing and presentation refers to the process in which protein antigen is
ingested by the presence of antigen presenting cells APC dispersal get digested within peptide
fragments. Afterward, this displayed on APC associated surface along with antigen presenting
molecule like MHC class 1 and MHC class II. Usual process of antigen presentation through