Medical Virology Case Study 2022

Medical Virology
Kineret (Anakinra)
SRAS-COV2 usually causes infection to lower and upper respiratory systems
resulting in trivial to the acute respiratory syndrome associated with discharge unhealthy
cytokines with interleukin. When COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor bind together,
leading to the production of pro-interleukin (IL) - 1β that facilitates ling inflammation.
Conti et al. 2020 argued that suppressing inflammatory IL-1 helps treat families affected
with viral infections. According to Fang (2020), IL-1 also facilitates inflammatory
diseases, which leads to tissue and lung infections as well as rheumatoid arthritis disease.
Pro-IL-1 is as a result of TLRs and COVID-19 combination. Russell (2020) further
argued that inflammasomes activation triggers the formation of IL1-b hence facilitating
respiratory diseases. Kineret drug has been approved to treat RA and CAPS diseases by
harnessing IL-1 biological activities combined with interleukin-1 type 1 receptor (Kaiser
et al. 2012).
C5a inhibitors
Dong et al. (2020) noted that investigation is underway on individuals with
COVID-19 and C5a on how to prevent the diseases. Soliris is an appropriate mAb that
binds a paired C5 factor, thus preventing attack development. Eculizumab reduces the
severity of organ damages by controlling the complement system. Researchers also found
the drug is useful in preventing various blood diseases like paroxysmal nocturnal
hemoglobinuria, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and myasthenia gravis (Volk et al. 2016).
IFX-1 complement is also discovered to hinder C5a biological activities. The drug is
thought not to affect the formation of C5b-9. It inhibits inflammasome activities in the
tissue and prevents organ damage through blocking of the C5a. Sun et al. (2014) argued
that IFX-1 is being tested to ascertain its effectiveness in treating inflammatory
conditions. “Open-label, Randomized Study of IFX-1 in Patients With Severe COVID-19
Pneumonia (PANAMA)" NCT04333420
Nivolumab (Opdivo)