Medication Administration

Running head: MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
Name of Student:
Name of University:
Author’s Note:

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
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Answer number 1.
TGA regulates the use of medicine by pre-assessment of market, monitoring of post-
market after implementation of standards (Jin, Carr & Rothenfluh, 2017) and licenses the
manufacturer of Australia for medicine by checking its compliance with an overseas
manufacturer (von Tigerstrom, 2017).
TGA help to detect the right choice of medicine for licensing in the market. It also helps
to detect the problem and lower the chance of risk and side effect of medicine by withdrawing
the product from market (World Health Organization, 2019) and support to evaluate whether
safety standard is maintained for the use of medicine.
Answer number 2.
The phase 1 is to assess the safety of use of drugs. It takes several months to investigate
the side effects and pharmacokinetics of drugs on human (Anderson et al., 2015). The phase 2 is
related to test efficacy of the drug which is randomized trial where one is receiving the drug, and
others are control, thus test the effectiveness of drugs. The phase 3 is practical testing of the drug
in human, this test involves thousands of patient for better understanding of the drugs, which is
then sent to the FDA for approval. Lastly, phase 4 is surveillance trail post-marketing which after
approval of the drugs, monitoring is done to check the side effects, long term effectiveness and
cost-effectiveness of drugs (Van Norman, 2016).
Answer number 3.
Pharmacokinetic is defined as the process of distribution, absorption, metabolism and
excretion of drugs by the body (Leveque et al., 2015 and Pharmacodynamics is the study of how

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drugs pose an impact on the body by reviewing its biochemical, molecular and physiologic
effects (Boyle et al., 2019).
Answer number 4.
Hepatic first pass is the phenomenon of metabolism of drugs taken orally, where the
concentration of drug is reduced by getting absorbed in the wall of intestine and gut before
getting into the systematic circulation. The hepatic first metabolism initiate in liver or the gut.
When the drugs are swallowed, it gets absorbed by the gut or intestine and move to hepatic portal
system (Choe et al., 2017). The drug travels to the portal vein before getting into the body and
then move to the liver. This first pass reduces the bioavailability of drugs hence the drug taken
orally must of high dose.
Answer number 5.
Glyceryl Trinitrate 600 microgram tablets contain chemical compound called nitrate
which function to regulate the functioning of heart. It starts to work by getting converted to nitric
oxide and makes the veins and arteries widen and relax for smooth circulation of blood. The drug
need to be get slowly absorbed for functioning (Thompson, 2016). When it is taken sublingually
it gets dissolved easily as there is high number of blood supplies. However, when taken by other
mean the drug will not get absorbed slowly and will not work in the body.
The RN gave following five education to Ms Scott about Glyceryl Trinitrate. Patient
should always take the medicine sublingually. Consideration must be taken right dose of
medicine and if overdose is suspected, contact to emergency department. Education will be
provided for not storing the drug with use of cotton wool as effectiveness can be lost (Rane &

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Moe, 2015). Patient will be educated to always use the medicine only when chest pain is
experienced.
Answer number 6.
The role of Registered nurse is to educate the patient about way to take medicine,
Administer drug in right dose, Check for any side effect (Smolowitz et al., 2015). The role of
Doctors is to educate the patient about the effectiveness and side effect, Check for past allergic
history for nitrate (Walker & Russon, 2016), prescribe the drug in right dose. The role of
Pharmacist is to dispense the drug by labelling, packaging and compounding the drug, they
review and interpret the doctor’s prescription (Guignard et al., 2015), Screen health issue before
dispensing the medicine.
Answer number 7.
The first step of medication management cycle is Decision to prescribe medicine which is
done when disease of the patient is confirmed and decision is made to prescribe safe, cost
effective medicine. Second is to record the medicine prescribed as medicine orders are
communicated with pharmacist, doctors, nurse and patient concerning the use of medicine. Third
is to review the prescribed medicine. This involves that medicine is reviewed again to ensure
compliance with the other medicine prescribed or the nurse checks the vital signs before
administering the drugs. Fourth is to issue of medicine. The correct drug is dispensed by labeling
information related to dose, use and way to administer it. Fifth is to provide medicine
information. The next step is giving correct information about way to store and use the medicine.
Sixth is to distribute and use of medicine. After issuing the drugs, it is distributed to wards in
residential or healthcare facility for local storage. Seventh is Administration of medicine. It