Improving Medication Safety in Australian Health Service Organizations

This research report focuses on the medication safety sub-criteria 4.10 continuity of medication management in Australian health service organizations. It includes stakeholders' needs, PEST influences, gap measurement, opportunities to improve, and recommendations.

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CA423
Assessment task 2 research Report & infographic
INSTRUCTIONS:
Your research report should be 2000 words in length (+ or – 10%).
It excludes references and this title page.
In each section below, you have been provided with information
on what sections should be included in your report and the
approximate word count for each section. Delete the instructions
before writing your report.
NOTES:
 If no PEST data are available comment on why this may be
the case and what impact it may have on attempts to
improve quality and safety in the NSQHS standard you have
chosen as the basis for your assignment.
 pick only one or at most two of the sub-criteria for the
NSQHS standard you select. Check before you start writing
that you can access relevant research data.

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INTRODUCTION (200 WORDS)
Outline context, background and purpose Identify problem and/or processes to be improved.
Clearly identify the expected scope of the project. What is “in” and what is “out”.
Standard 4 Medication Safety Sub Criteria 4.10 Continuity of Medication Management
Medication
Background
In health service organisation of Australia there are several processes followed in order to
reduce the number of medical errors.
The main objectives of this research include the following
Analyse medical reviews of patients, in line patients for evaluating the best practise
To analyse medical reviews that are dependent upon clinical needs of patients next day to
evaluate different requirements for documentation of medical reviews consisting of action
taken by the organisation.
Scope
Medicines are used in Different medical organisations. There are problems associated with
medicine which minimises the conduction of medical reviews and documentation. There are
also issues with partnerships with several patients. the Australian government has analysed
that there must be evidence based policies, procedures and guidelines which must be
followed for medical review and they should be taken in place for clinicians. A proper
process must be used for identification the risk that patient has is he or she is having a
medicine related problem.
STAKEHOLDERS’ NEEDS AND PEST INFLUENCES (500 WORDS)
Present findings of the research in words and, where applicable, tables & graphs.

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GAP(S) MEASUREMENT (550 WORDS)
Measure Gap(s) between the current state of your health service organisation and the
National Safety and Quality Health Service standard/s you have chosen.
Identify current performance information and compare it to the desired level of performance
stated
in the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. What improvements must occur
to satisfy the process owner and stakeholders? Use more than one level of analysis;
demonstrate the
use of at least two perspectives (macro, meso, micro) in the data you select.
The Clinical Governance Standard and the Partnering with Convince establish the
overarching system criteria for the remaining six standards, which address specific significant
diagnostic areas of patient care. The NSQHS Standards are designed to be implemented in an
integrated manner and explain the patient care journey. Across the NSQHS Standards, same
implementation strategies apply to a variety of tasks. It's critical to recognise the connections
between acts in each of the eight NSQHS Standards. This will assist health-care organisations
in ensuring that their safety and quality systems are connected, as well as reducing the
amount of effort required to apply the eight criteria independently. The NSQHS Standards
must be implemented by all facilities and day procedure services. They must create a
thorough clinical regulatory environment as well as organization-wide standards and quality
processes. With the NSQHS Standards in place and a physician management framework in
place, health service nonprofits can reduce the chance of injuries from inpatient infections,
incorrect medications, and communication problems, as well as improve the provision of
holistic diagnosis and services of an acutely client's condition. Comorbidities have been
linked to a higher incidence of drug mistakes. Patients with comorbidities engage with
healthcare providers more frequently, and they take more medications for longer periods of
time. Comorbidities have been linked to a higher incidence of drug mistakes. Administrative,
legislative, and medical groups must work to remove the mob mentality while providing
recommendations. When this goal is achieved, healthcare institutions will be free to measure

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process ambitious targets, including all defects, so if the results are significant. Patients'
results should be improved while the risk of damage is reduced, according to experts. Despite
physicians' best efforts, medication error rates remain high, leading to significant mortality
and disability. Preventable medical errors account for a large portion of healthcare costs,
especially higher more for every healthcare insurance premiums. Medication mistakes can
only be decreased in terms of money and injury if health care professionals work together. A
complete management of a patient is not available in a country like Pakistan. Patients see a
variety of healthcare experts for a variety of illnesses. As a result of one prescriber's
perplexity and absence of health files, other prescribers make medication errors due to a lack
of awareness of the medication history (21). Workload was also found to be connected with a
higher incidence of medication mistakes. The efficiency of health workers might be harmed
by overburdening and weariness. Reducing the burden could be beneficial.
OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE (450 WORDS)
Research and assess ideas with ability to be adapted and implemented in one site.
There are few issues which can be solved associated with the medical related issue in
Australian organisations. These steps are mentioned below:
Conducting evidence based medical review: it is insured that medication reviews must be
conducted and supervised by the medical professional with proper expertise and skill. This is
acting as a multidisciplinary team. In Australian organisations, large companies have the
facility of having pharmacists which are the main provider of medication review services.
This is an important perspective towards the inherent of pharmacist, medicines and the
reviews are considered while taking decisions upon dispensing, prescribing and administering
tea medicines to patients. There are different type of medicines and these are reviewed and
considered on the basis of validity, clarity and appropriateness. It is also evaluated that the
experience of patient while using the medicine and its requirement over the time have not
been changed. At the time of admission to a health service organisation, it is properly
evaluated that medicine related issues are not faced by the patient.
There are several activities involved in the proper analysis and description of significance
required for medical error in practise of medicine. This consists of highlighting several

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important aspects in association of prevention of error as well as development of culture of
safety. Medical errors are known as a serious public health problem and they are causing a lot
of problems. One of the solution is to maintain a culture which provides work towards
recognising and analysing the safety challenges. This includes implementation of various
appropriate as well as viable solutions needed for managing the medical errors. There is
consistent viable solution which helps in reducing the chances of recurrent event will stop
when the untoward events are occurring in medical area, Australian government has to focus
upon the medicale care issues. Several individuals of healthcare organisations play an
important role in developing and making provision of healthcare in a safer and reliable
manner. The errors of omission can occur at the action which is taken by this side of medical
professional. These can be properly managed
Healthcare professionals must be experienced about managing psychological effects like
inadequacy, anger, depression, guilt and suicidal thoughts when someone is taking amedical
careful stop the threat of impending the actions related to legal aspect must be properly
managed. The fear of punishment can be minimised in order to manage the reluctant for rept
errors in medical area. When patients are having fear of safety then they must be focusing
upon disciplinary action that can be taken if they are not providing effective medical care.
When there are no errors in the normal culture of medical science and it includes
convergence of various contributing factors associated with public as well as legislative
intolerance. It is involved in the medical practitioners for addressing the reputation of error
and avoiding such type of medical errors.
DISCUSSION (200 WORDS)
Discussion of anticipated benefits of opportunities identified and potential difficulties of
implementation. Analyses results - draws together different aspects of the findings, findings
of other studies and refers to literature
By using medication reviews, there is understanding of experience that patients are having for
current medicine and newly prescribed medicine. It is also ensured that medicine uses safe

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regarding the possibilities and discussions associated with admission to health service
organisations will stop the satisfaction level of patient with the outcome of the medication use
provides a positive care experience. The quality of life of patient as well as the life
expectancy increases the long term conditions of the usage of medicine.
The medication review considered in the medical organisation consists off an assessment
which includes existing and the newly prescribed medicine for stop before prescribing any
medicine to patient, there is analysis of history related to medicine related orders. They also
consider the administration records consisting of parental and oral health. They also include
multiple and single dose medicines in which anaesthesia and operative records are
mentioned.
Assessing individual patient risk: this means the organisations provide a review of risk
assessment criteria for patients who have been admitted in the medicine related it was
eventful stop this type of scenarios include consideration of capacity that patient is having for
understanding the risk of medicine useful stop it also includes decisions related to medicine
and it includes carers or interpreters. The assessment criteria for different patients depends
upon case mix and services which are delivered at the time of medicel careful stop this can be
explained with an example that priority is required for the patient when he or she is at a
higher risk of taking medicine.
Setting up process and priorities of documentation as well as medical reviews: in context of
medication review to be effective, there are several Australian health service organisations
which have a structured and formal process that takes place at the medication review. It is
conducted in partnership and with the help of carer, patient and family member there is
collaboration of various clinicians and relevant professionals who provide proper medication
advice to the patient. This process depends upon the resources as well as infrastructure
available for the management. This structured medication review consists of minimalizing
medicine related problems as well as optimising the therapeutic outcomes of patients. There
are several electronic medication management associated with integration of clinical decision
support and these are useful for screening the at risk patients.

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RECOMMENDATION/S (100 WORDS)
Recommended next step(s) based on the research
Patient safety experts are gradually looking to improve the safety of patient care to prevent
the chances of errors and mitigate their impacts, rather than focussing on an user's
behaviours. Errors present an opportunity for improvement. The next stage could be to place
a greater emphasis on introduction of novel medicines for patients. Errors are frequently the
consequence of multiple contributory factors colliding. Patient harm intolerance in the
general and governmental spheres usually represents a lack of understanding that other errors
are not preventable with technology today or the funds allocated to doctors. Human resources
are also a concern, and recognising flaws allows for the use of corrective measures. Persons
should not be blamed or punished for errors produced by seen is because this does not
examine the issue or stop the error from occurring again.
INFOGRAPHIC
Copy your Infographic here or insert a link to it
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Harvard style (not included in word count)
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Keywords: medication errors, drug-drug interactions, inappropriate prescribing, chronic
diseases, risk factors
Citation: Rasool MF, Rehman Au, Imran I, Abbas S, Shah S, Abbas G, Khan I, Shakeel S,
Ahmad Hassali MA and Hayat K (2020) Risk Factors Associated With Medication Errors
Among Patients Suffering From Chronic Disorders. Front. Public Health 8:531038. doi:
10.3389/fpubh.2020.531038
Received: 30 January 2020; Accepted: 13 October 2020;
Published: 19 November 2020.
Edited by:
Mirjana Ratko Jovanovic, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Reviewed by:
Tissa Wijeratne, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Qatar University, Qatar
Sulaiman Mouselli, Arab International University, Syria
Guvenc Kockaya, ECONiX Research, Analysis and Consultancy Plc., Istanbul, Turkey
Mohsen Shams, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Copyright © 2020 Rasool, Rehman, Imran, Abbas, Shah, Abbas, Khan, Shakeel, Ahmad
Hassali and Hayat. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other
forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited
and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic
practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these
terms.
*Correspondence: Anees ur Rehman, [e-mail]

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editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may
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