Medication Safety

Running head: MEDICATION SAFETY
MEDICATION SAFETY
Name of Student:
Name of University:
Author’s Note:

MEDICATION SAFETY
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Answer number 1.
The therapeutic goods administration regulates the medication by following ways:
Ways Contribution
First it does pre assessment of the market It assists in detecting the right type of
medicine suitable for marketing.
It keeps close monitoring of the marker after
licensing the medication (Therapeutic Goods
Administration, 2019).
It is Important step that help to evaluate the
effect of the medicine and in case of side
effects, the drug can be restricted to get
licensed.
TGA provide license to the drug manufacture
by checking its amenability of the with other
overseas manufacture (Therapeutic Goods
Administration, 2019).
It ensures the maintenance of medication
safety standards for the drug with outer
manufacturer (McKendrick et al., 2017).
Answer number 2.
The four phases of clinical trial are as follows:
1. To evaluate the safety of drug- The drug is tested for safety and dose finding. It is tested
in human with minimum dose that check the effectiveness with least side effect.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of drugs- Along with safety, therapeutic value of the drug is
given. If the drug gets approved it is tested in other patient and check for the sign of
benefit (Bobo et al., 2016).

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3. Effectiveness of drug compared with other available option- it is expensive phase and
involve lots of patient to check the benefit of drug by comparing with other drugs in the
market or alternative treatment present. It is randomized control trail where the
investigator examines working of drug with respect to outcome of patient.
4. Surveillance of the drugs- Data of three phases are evaluated and sent to FDA for
approval. Post marketing study is done to monitor the side effects and benefit to take
immediate action (Hwang et al., 2016).
Answer number 3.
Pharmacokinetic- It is the part of pharmacology that outline the working of drug in the
body. It describes the response of body with respect metabolism of drug. It helps to know the
movement of drugs by referring is absorption, bioavailability, excretion and distribution. It helps
to check the efficiency and working of drug to safe administration. It is important for safe and
effective management of drugs in the patients (Schoretsanitis et al., 2016).
Pharmacodynamic- It refers to as the relationship between the concentration of drugs at
the site of action and the effects, which includes its intensity and course of therapeutic outcome.
It studies the mechanism of drug and ways it affects the body. Such information is beneficial to
calculate the dose and its benefits (Copeland, 2016).
Answer number 4.
Hepatic first pass is the mechanism by which the drug that are administered orally are
absorbed in the body. Hepatic first pass deals with metabolism of drugs, which starts in the liver.
The drugs are absorbed initially by the gut and intestine and then it travels to systematic
circulation. However, drug administered by other route direct goes to systematic circulation and

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hence taken optimum dose. Oral drugs get transferred to hepatic portal system and then to the
liver before getting into the cells of the body for action (Ashford, 2017). Therefore, the total
concentration gets lowered, so it is recommended to take oral medicine in high dose for high
efficiency.
Answer number 5.
Glyceryl Trinitrate 600 microgram tablets must be taken sublingually because of the
chemical nature of the drug. It is made up of the nitrate which works by getting converted to the
nitric oxide. In order to function, it needs to gets absorbed slowly and sublingual administration
facilitate slow absorption as it is concentrated with blood supplies. Thus, sublingual
administration helps the drug to function with efficacy (Thompson, 2016).
For the use of Glyceryl Trinitrate, nurse should educate Ms Scott that she has to take the
drug only through sublingual route. She has to take the medicine of the dose which have been
prescribed by the doctors. Overdosing should be avoided (Omar, Jasudas & Saad, 2015).
However, if overdose is suspected, she needs to consult the doctor in emergency department as it
can have lethal effect. She will be guided to avoid storing the drug in the cotton or wool as its
effectiveness can be lost. Further, she will be guided to take the medicine only when chest pain is
felt and avoid taking in control condition (Rane & Moe, 2015).
Answer number 6.
Role of health care professional for safe use of medication:
a. Registered nurse:
 Encourage patient to take medicine in assigned time.
 Educate the patient about side effect of drug to avoid any lethal consequence.