Mediterranean Diet For Cardiovascular Disease
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Added on 2020-01-23
Mediterranean Diet For Cardiovascular Disease
Added on 2020-01-23
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Mediterranean Diet
Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................3Mediterranean Diet......................................................................................................................3NICE and JBS3 guidelines..........................................................................................................4The role of nutrition in cardiovascular disease, both in causation and prevention.....................6The role of the Mediterranean Diet in cardiovascular disease....................................................7Mediterranean dietary components that are associated with the greatest reduction in CV events..8Can Mediterranean Diet be effectively adopted in the UK and what barriers have been presently identified.....................................................................................................................................9Strengths and weaknesses of the evidence................................................................................10CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................10REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION The Mediterranean diet is considered to be modern nutritional diet that is based on dietarypatterns adopted and inspired by Greece, southern Italy and Spain in late 19th Century (Stanley etal., 2012). T he aspects of Mediterranean diet includes relatively higher consumption of food suchas olive oil leguminous plants, unrefined cereals, fruits, vegetables, high amount of fish productslower consumption of red and white meat and moderate intake of milk products. There are manybenefits of Mediterranean diet and it has been reported to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseaseand early death (Gayet-Boyer et al., 2014). Other advantages of Mediterranean food includeincrease in physical activity, decrease basal metabolic rate and cessation of smoking and drinkinghabits.The overall essay will be based different aspects of Mediterranean diet that is reported todecrease the rate of cardiovascular disease. Further it will include dietary components that areassociated with reduction of cardiovascular events in individuals. Lastly the essay will evaluatestrength and weakness of evidence that support the essay topic.Mediterranean DietMediterranean diet varies with different countries and regions. More than 16 countries thatlie near the border of Mediterranean sea and has adopted the culture of Mediterranean food in theirown country (Boon et al., 2014). Due to the difference in culture, ethnic background, religion andeconomic status the pattern of diet vary but the characteristics of Mediterranean diet remainscommon for all the countries. The diet includes various food such as high consumption of fruits andvegetables which are rich source of fibres and vitamins. Relatively higher consumption of olive oilbecause it is mono-unsaturated fat source that is reported to burn the fat content of the body at afaster rate. Dairy and poultry products are moderately consumed but fish is consumed at a muchhigher rate as compared to red and white meat (Watson & Preedy, 2003). Eggs are not included indiet on daily basis but it can be consumed twice or thrice in a week. Wine intake is also a part ofMediterranean diet which is included in drinks. Although Mediterranean diet is considered veryclose to various dietary recommendations but many individuals do not follow the same diet chartwhich has contributed to increase rate of obese people in different parts of the world. Olive oilwhich is a part of Mediterranean diet is rich in mono-unsaturated fat source which do not increasethe cholesterol content in the body (Starr and Bales, 2016). There are many other sources of oilsuch as groundnut oil and sunflower oil which are different from olive oil. They tend to increase thefat content in the body which is responsible for developing many cardiovascular diseases.The overall concept of Mediterranean diet came into existence in early 1960s' from theculture of Spain, Greece and Italy (Sahyoun & Sankavaram, 2016). As soon as it was developed itcould not gain much popularity but in late 1990s' the Mediterranean diet was presented and were
reported to lower down the levels of cardiovascular disease in individuals. Although people whoresides in Mediterranean countries tend to consume food which is high in fatty acids but, still theyhave relatively lowered rate of encountering heart disease as compared to other countries. Thecuisine of Mediterranean diet originated from Northern part of Europe in which butter was replacedwith olive oil and beer was replaced with wine (Kopel et al.s, 2013). Mediterranean diet follows 4-5times consumption of fruits in a day which also lowers down the rate of obesity in individuals whofollow them on regular basis.As compared to United stated and United Kingdom, the people residing in Mediterraneancountries have lower risk of encountering any diseases especially cardiovascular diseases.Although, diet is not only the factor that is responsible for decreasing the rate of diseases in aperson but it has also played a vital role in increasing the physical activity of a person (Martinez-Gonzalez & Bes-Rastrollo, 2014). Different Mediterranean studies have revealed that it is verybeneficial to consume Mediterranean diet as it has high capacity of decreasing the formation andaccumulation of fatty acids and bad cholesterol in the body. 90% of the heart diseases thatoriginates is the result of unhealthy dietary habits. Hence, it is very necessary to maintain a properdiet so that a person remains healthy throughout his/her life. If a person is consuming food whichis relatively higher in fat source then the fat accumulation will directly be noticed in liver andadipose tissue. This increases the risk of encountering cardiovascular and obese conditions by 9%as compared to individuals who do not consume it. Various research suggest that a person who dailyconsumes Mediterranean diet is likely to live 7 more years as compared to individuals who do notconsume it on daily basis. Research also suggest that there are several benefits of Mediterraneandiet as compared to normal diet and almost all the physicians recommend diet so that rate ofdeveloping several diseases is lowered in early or later stages of life (Widmer and et.al, 2015). TheMediterranean eating pattern can control weight gain and weight loss by maintaining the fat ratio inthe body. It also maintains blood glucose levels in the body which is reported to decrease the risk ofpeople en encountering type 2 diabetes mellitus (Gayet-Boyer et al., 2014). Further, higherconsumption of olive oil and fish is associated with lowering down the levels of inflammation, heartattacks, brain strokes and issues of memory loss.NICE and JBS3 guidelinesNICE and JBS3 guidelines are formulated to provide a detailed overview of assessment ofrisk factors associated with the different types of diseases especially cardiovascular disease in earlyand later stages of life (de Lorgeril, 2013). According to NICE guidelines it stated that women whoare indulged in smoking and are planning to conceive a child should be immediately referred to helpso that they are able to quit smoking as soon as possible. Based on the guidelines there are eightmajor types of recommendations that should be followed in order to reduce the risk of different
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