Melbourne’s Ballpark Facility Audit

This report is a facility audit of Melbourne Ballpark, which has a Melbourne baseball ground. The report covers various aspects of the park such as nature of facility, design and construction, strategy and organizational structure, marketing, programming and operations. The report also highlights the challenges faced by the park and ways to overcome them.

Melbourne’s Ballpark Facility Audit
ASSESSMENT # 1: FACILITY AUDIT
STUDENT NAME
STUDENT ID:
SUBJECT NAME: SPORT FACILITY AND EVENT MANAGEMENT
SUBJECT CODE: MMS774
UNIT CHAIR: MIKE NARAINE
TRIMESTER 2, 2018
1

ABSTRACT
Facility audit involves analysis of various features and aspects of a place. The scope of
current facility audit involves analysis of Melbourne Ballpark field which is mainly known for
hosting baseball and softball gaming events. The scope of current facility audit reflects that the
location, features and facilities offered at the park is able to cater to customer needs. This
analysis is able to reflect upon aspects, which is necessary for future proofing of the park. The
park faces immense maintenance challenges which it needs to overcome. It requires extensive
investments to be made such that appropriate maintenance can take place. Being an organization
receiving support from State Government and Federal government, the park is able to generate
funds adequately.
2

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................2
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................4
2.0 FACILITY AUDIT....................................................................................................................4
2.1 Nature of Facility...................................................................................................................5
2.2 Design and Construction........................................................................................................6
2.3 Strategy and Organizational Structure...................................................................................7
2.4 Marketing.............................................................................................................................11
2.5 Programming........................................................................................................................12
2.6 Operations............................................................................................................................13
3.0 FUTURE PROOFING.............................................................................................................14
4.0 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................18
5.0 REFERENCES LISTS.............................................................................................................20
3

1.0 INTRODUCTION
A facility audit is conducted by evaluating various information to analyse the
effectiveness with which a facility performs (Timperio, Giles-Corti, Crawford, Andrianopoulos,
Ball, Salmon & Hume, 2008). Auditing of a facility requires analyzing location, staffing, design,
staffing and marketing necessary for event management. The scope of current report involves
facility audit of Melbourne Ballpark, which has a Melbourne baseball ground. Melbourne Aces
is a professional baseball team in the Australian Baseball League, which is located at Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia. The facility is located at the center of the city and has various features
including wide field, changing room, shower room and so on (Hepburn, 2013). It has an
organization which maintains the field with proper organizational structure to conduct regular
activities at the center. Initially physical components of the facility through which various
training and events are held are analysed. Thereafter, marketing activities, evaluation of human
resources and competitor analysis is undertaken to understand ways in which the facility
functions. Future challenges which the organization might face along with ways to deal with
such challenges are reflected at. The facility at Melbourne hosts Australian baseball League and
was established in the year 1990 (Emery, Crabtree & Kerr, 2012). The scope of this current
analysis takes into consideration detailed facility audit along with future challenges and
opportunities.
2.0 FACILITY AUDIT
Melbourne’s baseball ground is responsible for baseball, soft ball training and wellness
needs of Melbourne Aces team, staff and others who get selected for their team. It has a well-
defined organization structure governed by Melbourne Aces (Bainbridge, 2015). Melbourne
4

Ballpark provides training needs for Baseball and Softball in Victoria. Initial set up of the park
was done by the State Government of Victoria contributing to $ 2 million and the Australian
Federal Government contributed to $ 1.8 million, which led to a total cost of $ 3.9 million in
establishing the entire park. An in-depth facility audit of various features and aspects of the park
can reveal in detail ways in which the park functions (John, 2015).
2.1 Nature of Facility
The park was constructed by CK Designwork Architects. Former name of the park was
Altona Stadium, based on its location at Merton Street, Altona, Victoria. The state Government
of Victoria is the Owner of the park and it has a siting capacity of 3,900 of siting and other
capacity (Mygind, Bentsen, Badland, Edwards, Hooper & Villanueva, 2016). The very large
field area offers multiple facilities for spectators, participative, natural along with multi-use
facilities as stated below.
 Spectator facilities: The Park offers multiple spectator facilities such as eateries,
washrooms, parking facilities, water availability and so on. These facilities offer
spectators benefits of enjoying the show in an unhindered manner and avail any of their
personal needs or demands.
 Participative facilities: Participants taking part in any sport are provided with changing
rooms, lockers where they can keep their personal belongings, washrooms with shower
facilities, a multi-facility gym and refueling zone where they can get food and drinks for
re-energizing.
5

 Natural facilities: Natural facility of the park includes large field layout which includes
left field of 91 m, left-center being 105 m, center field 113 m, right center 105m and
right field being 91 m. The infield was initially made from Astroturf, which later was
changed into synthetic with grass outfield.
 Multi-use facilities: Multi-use features and facilities of the park include parking, with
washrooms, eateries and water facilities.
Figure 1: Melbourne's Ballpark field Facility
2.2 Design and Construction
The design and construction was initially undertaken in the year January of 1990, which
later was renovated a number of times. The following are the aspects of design and construction.
Australia Baseball Federation director Ron Smith selected Laverton location for the stadium
(Sekendiz, Gray, Norton, Keyzer, Dietrich, Eickhoff-Shemek & Finch, 2016). As the land was
free and money could be expended for building the venue instead of buying it elsewhere. The
park was finally opened by The Minister of Sport, the Honorable Neil Tresize.
6

Needs assessment: The Park is able to cater to its basic needs. The large siting capacity of the
park allows multiple spectators with watch a game sitting comfortably. The inner basement of
the park hosts a number of features with which other associated needs of participants and
spectators are met.
Physical layout: The physical layout of the park includes a field with siting capacity. The
capacity of 3,900 of the park includes removal of seats along the base line and turning them into
standing area.
Renovations: Post opening of the park there have been multiple renovations which have taken
place. The park has been renovated in the year 1997, 2000, 2012, 2013 and in the year 2015. The
park often receives grants from the State Government of Victoria for various constructions
(Schwarz, Hall & Shibli, 2015). In the year 2000, the original AstroTurf was replaced with
newly improved surface with a cost of $250,000. In the year 2012 up gradation of the stadium
had taken place which was funded by the Sport and Recreation Victoria.
The organization totally funded by the State and Federal Government has a formal
organization structure which devises strategies for its professional functioning. A management
team is present which coordinates amongst various functions and strategies, then implements the
same for arriving at results (Ben-Joseph, Lee, Cromley, Laden & Troped, 2013). The
organization has a director with varied departments such as finance, human resource, operations
and marketing. There are staffs and employees within each department for the purpose of
coordinating functionality of their individual departments.
7

2.3 Strategy and Organizational Structure
Figure 2: Organization Structure
Stakeholders: Stakeholders are internal and external in nature. While internal stakeholders are
those who are internal and are present within the Organization, external stakeholders primarily
comprises of rating agencies, customers, spectators and so on. Major internal stakeholder of the
organization comprises of State and Federal Government within the country and state (Mitchell
& Thompson, 2013). The Governmental bodies and authorities undertake major decisions
pertaining to the organization and they are the main sources of funding. There are staffs and
employees present who take active role in coordinating amongst various activities for the park.
The participants of the baseball team Melbourne Aces and their management team also comprise
being the internal stakeholders of the Organization.
Competitive Analysis: along with Melbourne Baseball park, there is present a large number of
other parks as well in and around Melbourne area. They comprise of the major competitors for
8
Director
Finance Human Resource Marketing Operations

the park as they mostly offer similar facilities compared to the park. Other baseball and softball
parks in the area include Perth Heat, Wanneroo Giants Baseball Club, Holloway Field, Aquatic
Reserve Baseball Park, Moore Park Bat and Ball Oval, Albert Park Baseball Complex,
Blacktown International Sportspark and so on.
Figure 3: Baseball Field Australia
Competitor analysis can be conducted in a multiple number of ways; however it can best
be understood by analysis of power of spectators, suppliers, industry rivalry, threat from new
entrant and substitution power. Below is a depicted a competition analysis for Melbourne
baseball park.
9

Figure 4: Competition Analysis
Consumer Profile: Consumer profile primarily comprise of organizers of baseball and softball
events along with spectators. Organizers of the game select a field based on presence of various
facilities and features (Lee, Macfarlane & Cerin, 2013). The spectators also select the park on
basis of presence of basic facilities and features. All these features and facilities are present at the
park and spectators as well as organizers prefer this location for hosting their events.
Staffing/ Human Resources: There comprise of large number of staffs and human resource.
The HR department coordinates and allocates function to each staff and employee for the
organization. The central role of staffs and employees is to manage events, finances, coordinate
operations, conduct marketing, coordinate cleaning and maintenance of the park (Eime, Harvey,
Charity, Casey, Westerbeek & Payne, 2017).
10
Competitive
Forces-High
Power of
Suppliers-
High
Threat
from New
Entrant-
Low
Threat
from
Substitute
-Absent
Power of
Spectators
-High

2.4 Marketing
Marketing consists of an important functionality for almost every organization. For the current
baseball park also several marketing activities needs to be conducted in order to attract
organizers of events towards the park.
Positioning: The baseball park is positioned as one of the premier parks for baseball and softball
operations. The current baseball park as compared to other parks of similar nature can be seen
below.
Figure 5: Positioning Map
11
Holloway
Field
Vba
Baseball
Ross Straw
Field
Aqautic
Reserve
Baseball
Park
Melbourne
Baseball
Park

Public relations: Due to State and Federal Government being heads of coordinating functions.
The organization is able to maintain good public relations with various organizers of events. The
public relations department of the organization further maintains stable relation with organizers
of events with the organization.
Pricing strategy: The field area is made available at a cost effective rate. The organization
offers competitive costs for hiring the field for various activities at the park.
Merchandise: The Park also offers multiple merchandise for sale to its participants of major
events.
Ticket sales: The Park offers ticket sales at its counter and also through online sources. This
enables regular collection of funds for various events at the location.
Sponsors: The organizers of various events are generally able to get sponsors. Apart from this
there comprise multiple fixed sponsors for various events which are held at the park.
2.5 Programming
Programming of events allows appropriate organization and gathering sufficient funds for
conducting as well as coordinating various activities for the event (Gray, Sekendiz, Norton,
Dietrich, Keyzer, Coyle & Finch, 2016). Programming is taken into account through analysis of
customer type, space against activities, bookings and evaluation of tenant needs.
Customer type: General customer type of the park comprises of organizers of events of baseball
and softball. Due to the location of the park at Victoria, generally the customers prefer to select
the location and conduct their sports activity there.
12

Tournaments: Tournaments for baseball and softball are generally held at the location. This
Ballpark has been known for hosting Melbourne Monarchs and Melbourne Bushrangers. The
202 IBLA was held at the ballpark too. The Australian Baseball League 2012/2013 for the new
ABL has been taken place in the park. The Australian Softball National Championship, National
Softball Fastpitch League and Commonwealth Softball Championships have taken place in the
field.
Space vs. activities: The Park is well known for holding of several sporting events and activities
of baseball as well as softball.
Bookings: The Park can be booked by directly contacting with its booking office or through
online enquiry modes or by telephoning them.
Tenant needs: the park is generally able to meet needs of its tenants which comprises of proper
maintenance of the field and catering to needs of the spectators.
2.6 Operations
The operations at the park comprises of varied types of operations which are conducted
such that games can be held in an appropriate manner.
Security: The Park has a security agency which meets regular needs of securitizing and
maintaining of the park. There is present round the clock security for the purpose of safety to the
place. Moreover at the time of event being held, security personnel assume special roles to check
and allow entry into stadiums so as to prevent any unforeseen incident form taking place.
Medical/first responder care: The field has doctor and nurse present, especially during hosting
of an event. During practice sessions there is always doctor present along with doctor on call
13

facility for emergency purposes. A first aid box present in the field aids any accidents or injury
taking place at the field.
Registration and accreditation: The Park has been successful in getting registration as well as
accreditation from state as well as national authorities. Such registrations and accreditations
presents prevalence of safety features, medical aspects being present and other facilities being
there.
Maintenance: The Park needs maintenance on a regular basis such that any sporting events
along with practice sessions can be held. Maintenance requires maintaining and taking care of
the field and boundary spaces.
3.0 FUTURE PROOFING
The sole aim of the stakeholders comprising of the State Government and Federal
Government is to generate revenues to maintain the place. Another subsidiary aim is to make
sure those sports such as baseball and softball is promoted and taken up by the youth in Australia
(Cerin, Vandelanotte, Leslie & Merom, 2008). It can be contended that consumer loyalty is at the
focal point of the showcasing idea, and key arranging of physical offices has been found to
impact customer fulfillment. Considering the observer sport industry has encountered a colossal
blast in the working of offices, a superior comprehension of how offices impact clients is
justified. Conducting facility audit ensures that the facility is able to function in an appropriate
manner in its future as well. There are various components which allows functioning of the
facility in the future time periods. It involves being able to cater to its customers, catering to its
14

participants, sponsors and being able to run the facility through proper budget. It is essential that
a budget is developed in an adequate manner to cater to and meet needs of the facility. Various
leveled relapse investigation uncovered that the two impression of administration work force and
of the physical office added to consumer loyalty far beyond the effect of clients' view of the
center item. In light of these outcomes, it is contended that administrators must address the
physical office in mix with different focuses of value to enhance observers' levels of consumer
loyalty.
Keeping up athletic fields is critical to their execution, and doing it right takes ability,
time and cash. For some athletic divisions, in-house abilities are more than adequate and spare
the additional expenses of employing outside experts. Be that as it may, for others, it bodes well
to contract out field upkeep. Since fields without a doubt require the most consideration of the
considerable number of parts of an open air office, the main need ought to ensure those in charge
of the fields have an intensive comprehension of them. Regardless of whether that obligation lies
with a committed games field administrator, the athletic office, parks and amusement staff or an
open works division, whoever is in control ought to have a decent working learning of when and
how frequently each field is utilized for which games or exercises, the creation of each field,
particular eccentricities or needs everyone has and some other uncommon contemplations.
A careful field evaluation and testing project can help distinguish these attributes. Not all
fields are made equivalent, so reporting and understanding the individual physical and substance
characteristics and necessities is basic. Leading evaluations all the time and keeping a log of
dates, issues, adjustments and different components will likewise help guarantee you have the
most state-of-the-art data on your offices. Making arrangements for the upkeep of whatever is
15

left of your open air offices ought to take after a comparable however less difficult assessment
process. Different segments of outside games offices, for example, seats, wall and burrows, can
ordinarily be kept up by an in-house offices division in a similar way that it cares for different
structures on grounds or inside the network.
Consumer loyalty is a vital part of the accomplishment all things considered, including
sport. Research on consumer loyalty as it identifies with recreational game offices and
administrations may give helpful bits of knowledge to expand investment rates. The fulfillment
was impacted by three groupings of elements: offices, staff disposition, and staff capability;
unwinding, wellbeing, and wellness; and aptitudes, assortment, and achievement. Though the
team and the park receives considerable support from the State and Federal Government, there
remains challenge with regards to motivating youth to join training or practice related to baseball
and softball. Often the rates for training and availing other aspects of the sport become a burden
for the youth, who leaves on to join part time low paying jobs. For any facility to be successful
customers and stakeholder feedback is necessary. Stakeholder and customer satisfaction is
generated in the long run by catering to ability to go to the refocus constantly and be centered
around passing by the activity focus routinely and making it a part of their timetable. With an
impressive measure of its stakeholders on enlistment outlines, a refocus on energizing and
support is developed for current contracts. Melbourne Baseball park need to grasp various
philosophies to counter these issues and finally become successfully.
The sports and health industry is an industry that relies upon continued with feedback and
support by customers for its advancing accomplishment. Customer feedback is important for
growing productivity within the organization (Jones, Jones, van Sluijs, Panter, Harrison &
16

Griffin 2010). The accomplishment of prosperity of baseball or softball clubs is controlled by the
limit of prosperity and wellbeing on its ability to pull in new customers along with retaining of
old customers. A considerable size of advantages are locked in with choosing new people such as
sponsors for hosting mega events of softball or baseball, which infers most extraordinary
profitability. The facility’s guidelines which publicize the organizations need to conduct in an
extensive manner. The organization needs to conduct social media promotion, through Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram also put up billboards and other advertisements. Keeping up the present
customer base is a potential test that the wellbeing spotlight could look later on (Nicholson &
Hoye, 2008). Besides concentrating on new people, there will be a critical need to revolve
around the satisfaction of current people for endless accomplishment later on.
The nature of staff often limits the prosperity of a facility to set up social relationship
with the customers, who in turn expect in engaging an append affect that prompts repurchase of
enlistments by present and past people. Staff needs to be ready to get support from senior
organization members who are close to customer. This will allow to upkeep techniques at
operational, vital and fundamental level could assemble the budgetary estimation of held and
help cater to customers. High parameters for success and all around staffs with better customer
advantage qualities can lead than higher purchaser reliability. A beneficial outcome of the
endeavor is mean to make customer to repurchase through such properties. Melbourne Baseball
Park presents staff with some being permanent under State Government and some are under
contract with YMCA that way to give incredible customer advantage regardless, as the kind of
staff is accommodating. Senior position staffs are generally appointed by State authorities and
are quality staffs who give staff planning to ensure that customers are satisfied to a more
noticeable degree and work compel with key organization properties for running the prosperity
17

of the facility. The organization’s staffs are aimed at high level of responsiveness to the
customers' issues. Secondly, ensuring commitments made to customers at the time of renting or
lease. Providing general and detailed information to customers, so as to prevent in doubts in their
minds regarding policy made by the organization.
The demonstration of setting up, keeping up and invigorating relationship with customers
and sponsors can be used as relationship displaying for the achievement of affiliations. The
organization ensures development of incredible associations and a better bond with the
customers. It ensures quality control which could incite holding customers. Progressing and
influencing a brand to the prosperity of the facility prompts customer commitment. It results in
influencing the objective of customers and sponsors to conduct their events regularly at the
facility. Brand loyalty frameworks can accomplish potential buyers and assistants in making
them more careful about the thing regarding the workplace. Moderately unessential displaying
practices including no publicizing allows necessity for promoting the refocus of a positive
picture among the people that would at last up being useful later on. Highlight on the baseball
and softball game should be displayed in the external correspondences; practices held at within
and in the park of the organization will help in attracting and holding customers. There are more
constructive reactions to ads progressing being physically unique for prosperity related favorable
circumstances instead of advertisements that outline the association between being associated
with the park or facility.
The organization can make use of flyers and flyers within the grounds, in and around the
area Victoria highlighting element the prosperity and wellbeing points. This can encourage
young people interested in the baseball and softball game to join the club Melbourne Aces or the
18

facility center in the minds of both potential and existing customers. Such membership will
ensure regular inflow of funds taking place at the facility center. The field Center and its club are
estimated to be growing yearly. The Centre and the club requiring extensive maintenance will
require regular influx of funds which can be generated from regular memberships. There needs
to be extensive promotional strategies through planning be instilled which will allow, attracting
large number of young players towards the club. This in turn will allow getting fresh new talents
and also training facility for existing ones. Through such efforts good coaches and other
personnel required for the game can be appointed and their payments being made timely. The
Centre needs to affix budgetary schedules which allow it to function well in future and current
situations as well. The Centre offers support to open up new potential territories for sponsors can
be centered around and the estimation of the workplace can be advanced through these
supporting organizations. The park’s organization can recognize unmistakable sections of the
young people and give them scholarships for playing the sport which is important for this
segment of people. Recognizing young talents will allow the club in attracting potential new
talents for the future. People endeavoring to gain from such offers with no interests in being
contributing on offer, could be offered access to various other programs.
Organization of an office incorporates making considerations with respect to the use of
room and making approaches to ensure the workplace functions and continues running in an
effective manner. Components like the explanation behind the workplace, resources necessary,
development or equipment essentials, ought to be attended to. These are segment of the essential
parts that are incorporated, the path toward becoming an efficient and effective club and facility
Centre. The center's activity focus has a smaller approach as appeared differently in relation to its
competitors. The facility can attract sizable number of contracts and invitations from outside
19

contractors for the purpose of maintaining the facility in a cost effective manner. Most clubs and
centers located at Australia have outsourced their major functionalities to outside people to
ensure that it is conducted in an appropriate manner. For the status of this current club and to
ensure sustainability in the future, it needs to ensure proper influx of funds along with adequate
maintenance. Such efforts will ensure that the facility functions in an appropriate manner and
continues to get frequent funds from the government.
4.0 CONCLUSION
Analysis of the facility audit and future proofing reveals that the Melbourne Ballpark in
Australia has a facility center that is entirely managed by State Government. Though a team is
directed at its management and control, the park due to its location and facility is able to attract
sizable number and amount of customers. Baseball and Softball has been considered to the major
events which takes part in the park. Apart from this there are other sports such as Motocross
events, which are held during multiple times in a year. There have been quite a few significant
events which have taken part in the field including marling of the western end of the light aircraft
visual flight rules (VFR) advisory lane entry into Moorabbin Airport and class G airspace into
east and south along with various other events. Apart from scheduled events a number of other
events are held at the park, which in turn adds to its revenue earning capacity. The only
substantial factor which needs to be considered is the maintenance of the park. Due to the large
area of coverage and facilities which are offered at the park, there needs to be tremendous
contributions made to maintain the park in an appropriate manner. The maintenance team does
20

not operate in a professional manner which often leads to problems and needs to be tackled in an
effective manner.
5.0 REFERENCES LISTS
Bainbridge, B. (2015). Changing sports facilities, parks and public spaces in Yarra
Ranges. Australasian Parks and Leisure, 18(1), 32.
21

Ben-Joseph, E., Lee, J. S., Cromley, E. K., Laden, F., & Troped, P. J. (2013). Virtual and actual:
relative accuracy of on-site and web-based instruments in auditing the environment for
physical activity. Health & place, 19, 138-150.
Cerin, E., Vandelanotte, C., Leslie, E., & Merom, D. (2008). Recreational facilities and leisure-
time physical activity: An analysis of moderators and self-efficacy as a mediator. Health
Psychology, 27(2S), S126.
Eime, R. M., Harvey, J., Charity, M. J., Casey, M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. R. (2017). The
relationship of sport participation to provision of sports facilities and socioeconomic
status: a geographical analysis. Australian and New Zealand journal of public
health, 41(3), 248-255.
Emery, P. R., Crabtree, R. M., & Kerr, A. K. (2012). The Australian sport management job
market: an advertisement audit of employer need. Annals of Leisure Research, 15(4),
335-353.
Gray, S. E., Sekendiz, B., Norton, K., Dietrich, J., Keyzer, P., Coyle, I. R., & Finch, C. (2016).
The development and application of an observational audit tool for use in Australian
fitness facilities. Journal of Fitness Research, 5(1), 29.
Hepburn, H. (2013). Infrastructure-Is it the winner's cup or wooden spoon for school sports
facilities?. The Times Educational Supplement Scotland, (2330), 16.
John, A. (2015). Sports City: A critical analysis of Melbourne’s sportscape (Doctoral
dissertation, Victoria University).
Jones, N. R., Jones, A., van Sluijs, E. M., Panter, J., Harrison, F., & Griffin, S. J. (2010). School
environments and physical activity: the development and testing of an audit tool. Health
& Place, 16(5), 776-783.
Lee, K. Y., Macfarlane, D. J., & Cerin, E. (2013). Objective evaluation of recreational facilities:
Development and reliability of the recreational facility audit tool. Journal of Park and
Recreation Administration (Online Edition).
22

Mitchell, E., & Thompson, S. M. (2013). The Healthy Neighbourhood Audit Instrument:
understanding the environmental and socio-cultural conditions to support healthy, happy
and resilient residential communities. In Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Housing
Researchers Conference. Fremantle, Western Australia.
Mygind, L., Bentsen, P., Badland, H., Edwards, N., Hooper, P., & Villanueva, K. (2016). Public
open space desktop auditing tool—Establishing appropriateness for use in Australian
regional and urban settings. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 20, 65-70.
Nicholson, M., & Hoye, R. (Eds.). (2008). Sport and social capital. Routledge.
Schwarz, E. C., Hall, S. A., & Shibli, S. (2015). Sport facility operations management: A global
perspective. Routledge.
Sekendiz, B., Gray, S. E., Norton, K., Keyzer, P., Dietrich, J., Eickhoff-Shemek, J. M., & Finch,
C. (2016). Safety alert for treadmills in health & fitness facilities in Australia: Results
from a pilot study of an observational audit tool. Journal of Fitness Research, 5(1), 24.
Timperio, A., Giles-Corti, B., Crawford, D., Andrianopoulos, N., Ball, K., Salmon, J., & Hume,
C. (2008). Features of public open spaces and physical activity among children: findings
from the CLAN study. Preventive medicine, 47(5), 514-518.
23