This document provides an evaluation of three options available to MicroNet Technologies Ltd. for maximizing cash flows. The options include in-house manufacturing and selling, licensing the product, and selling patent rights. The analysis includes NPV calculations and recommendations for the best option.
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Memorandum To:Board of Directors From:Finance Manager Date:May 10, 2019 Re: Evaluation of options available to generate maximum cash flows Thank you for providing us the opportunity to work with the company MicroNet Technologies Ltd (MNT) for the purpose of making decision for choosing best option for profit maximization through various activities. As requested, we have evaluated the 3 options available for sale of product so as to maximize the net cash inflows of MNT. Based on our study, we have reached the following conclusions.The NPV of all the 3 options are as follows: Option A- $ 9.41 million (the manufacturing activity represents that the company will initiate its business expansion activity efficienctly even after deducting all the costs and taxes in the environment. However, the 5thyear would be tough for the business as in that year, the variable cost of the company will increase from sale price) Option B- $ 7.23 million (the royalty that the business will receive will make them earn revenue all the time, however cash flow shows limited cash inflow in the environment) Option C- $ 5.74 million (patent income can be attained by the company for only three years so they need to look for other options while choosing this option) This clearly shows that the best option is Option A i.e. to manufacture in-house and sell the product. Further, the company should invest inOption Aactivity because it provides maximum NPV to the company. With option A company has higher scope of business growth and expansion. On comparison with option B, manufacturing activity is selling less units but at considerably higher amount which is increasing the sales volume. Sales volume is more profitable than the amount of royalty to the company. Whereas the in option A, the company is getting tax benefit because tax is implied on the profit after expenses but in option C, tax is directly implied on the income and there is no information about the increasing or decreasing sales volume. If the company will not be able to enjoy productivity with growing sales because of fixed patent amount. The remainder of the report includes the information about the calculation and assumption on the case along with recommendations for growth. Conclusion: We recommend MNT to go for the in-house manufacturing and selling of product for 4 years and discontinue it in the 5thyear but should also consider the risk tolerance factor while arriving at a decision to invest in a project. The second best alternative in terms of Net Present Value is Option B i.e. licensing the product and receiving the royalty. The Option C is preferable only when MNT is having a good project after 3 years which will generate more inflows than option A. Yours Faithfully
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Options Evaluation: Our analysis is done based on all the factors that would impact our cash flows i.e. Sales, Variable cost, Fixed Costs, Opportunity costs, Tax and Discount rate. Evaluation of option A The below table shows the impact of in-house manufacturing and sale of products: Option A YearsSales UnitsSales ValueVariable costContributionFixed Production CostsMarketing CostsDepreciationPBTTax@30%PAT Year 0 Year 120400$714,000,000-$554,880,000$159,120,000-$2,900,000-$1,400,000-$13,200,000$141,620,000-$42,486,000$99,134,000 Year 218300$549,000,000-$497,760,000$51,240,000-$2,900,000-$1,400,000-$13,200,000$33,740,000-$10,122,000$23,618,000 Year 316600$498,000,000-$451,520,000$46,480,000-$2,900,000-$1,400,000-$13,200,000$28,980,000-$8,694,000$20,286,000 Year 414100$423,000,000-$383,520,000$39,480,000-$2,900,000-$1,400,000-$13,200,000$21,980,000-$6,594,000$15,386,000 Year 511600$290,000,000-$315,520,000-$25,520,000-$2,900,000-$1,400,000-$13,200,000-$43,020,000$12,906,000-$30,114,000 Note 1 - Calculation of depreciation Amount Cost$80,000,000 Scrap Value$14,000,000 Net$66,000,000 Life5 Depreciation per year$13,200,000 Year 0Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Sales$714,000,000$549,000,000$498,000,000$423,000,000$290,000,000 Receivables$207,060,000$159,210,000$144,420,000$122,670,000$84,100,000 Total variable and fixed prod'n costs-$557,780,000-$500,660,000-$454,420,000-$386,420,000-$318,420,000 Inventory$105,978,200$95,125,400$86,339,800$73,419,800$60,499,800 Payables-$105,978,200-$95,125,400-$86,339,800-$73,419,800-$60,499,800 NWC$207,060,000$159,210,000$144,420,000$122,670,000$84,100,000$0 CF due to NWC-$207,060,000$47,850,000$14,790,000$21,750,000$38,570,000$84,100,000 Note 3 - Calculation of tax shield Amount Cost of asset$80,000,000 Depreciation for tax purpose-$44,000,000 WDV of asset$36,000,000 Sale price of asset$14,000,000 Loss on sale$22,000,000 Tax shield$6,600,000 Note 2 - Calculation of Working Capital The above analysis shows that the NPV is $ 9.41 Million from manufacturing activity.
Evaluation of option B - Licensing The below table shows the NPV from Licensing: Option B YearsSales UnitsRoyaltyTaxCash FlowsDisc rate Discounted cash flows Year 01.00000 Year 120808$3,745,440-$1,123,632$2,621,8080.86957$2,279,833 Year 218666$3,359,880-$1,007,964$2,351,9160.75614$1,778,386 Year 316932$3,047,760-$914,328$2,133,4320.65752$1,402,766 Year 414382$2,588,760-$776,628$1,812,1320.57175$1,036,092 Year 511832$2,129,760-$638,928$1,490,8320.49718$741,207 NPV$7,238,285 The above table shows that the NPV from Option B i.e. licensing the product is $ 7.23 million. Evaluation of option C – Patent The below table shows the evaluation of option C: Option C YearsPatent incomeTaxCFDisc rateDiscounted cash flows Year 02500000-$750,000$1,750,0001.00000$1,750,000 Year 12500000-$750,000$1,750,0000.86957$1,521,739 Year 22500000-$750,000$1,750,0000.75614$1,323,251 Year 32500000-$750,000$1,750,0000.65752$1,150,653 NPV$5,745,644 This shows that the NPV of Option C i.e. licensing is $ 5.74 million. Recommendation on further analysis and factors which should be considered for taking decision: It should be noted that the option C i.e. selling patent rights is of 3 years only, so if the company finds another suitable option for revenue post option A then they should go for option C. Looking at option A, it should be noted that it is recommended that the business should not to carry on the operations in 5thyear as the variable cost is greater than sale price which will give negative contribution and negative cash flows. Before taking the final decision the following factors should also be taken into account:
It is important for the company to consider the aspect of labour force that the business is attain adequate labour force with whom they can work to provide quality products and services to the customers in the market choosing option A. Competitors also plays an important role in choosing the right decision as if there is monopoly the company should go for option A otherwise they can also look for option B and C in tough competition market. The sale of product is forecasted which may differ from actual sales. Hence MNT should consider its risk tolerance before taking decision. The frequency of change in demand from customers should also be considered. If the demand of the customer is uncertain and the graphs show that it is depleting then the company need to overlook the decision in order to attain revenue from the department even when other companies are unable to make effective cash or vice versa. The amount available with MNT to invest should also be considered as with high amount company can invest in better activity having greater NPV. The sunk cost i.e. Research and development cost of $ 2.7 million and sales forecast cost of $ 0.8 million should be ignored be ignored for purpose of decision making.