The Mental Health and trauma care

Running head: MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Assessment 3 – Eva and Armin Case Study
1. Read the case study and answer the questions that follow. Ensure your answers are
evidence‐based.
a. When individuals are accessing or receiving services for trauma, why might this have
the unintended consequence of causing more trauma?
Ans:When an individual is accessing or receiving services for trauma, it tries to treat the
psychological health disorder that is triggered by a past scary event, or a series of events. The
particular person may have symptoms, which include flashbacks, nightmares or even severe
anxiety. These in turn may again arouse uncontrollable thoughts about the past events and
cause more trauma. Like in this case, Eva coming close to any such people or event to whom
she may relate her past events, and the treatment as well may cause more trauma for her1.
b. What rights does Eva have as an individual accessing services for trauma?
Ans:Mental health consumers as Eva or any other individual while accessing certain
services for trauma are entitled to certain rights. These include assessment, support whenever
required, care of the person, proper treatment and evaluation. Rehabilitation and continuous
services, which help in facilitating support and recovery, wellbeing of the patient. The
treatment of each and every individual on an equal basis2.
c. What are Eva’s responsibilities?
Ans: Eva has a two-year-old child, so as a mother first of all she has huge responsibility
towards the particular child. As a client the responsibility of Eva is to ensure that she stays
1Gabbe, Belinda J., et al. "Reduced population burden of road transport–related major trauma after
introduction of an inclusive trauma system." Annals of surgery 261.3 (2015): 565.
2 Bateman, Jenna, C. Henderson, and C. Kezelman. "Trauma-informed care and practice: Towards a
cultural shift in policy reform across mental health and human services in Australia. A national
strategic direction." Mental Health Coordinating Council (2013).

2MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
away from any traumatized experience related to childcare. She also needs to pay attention to
the instructions provided to her by the nurses so that she can recover herself and ensure that
the mistakes made previously are not repeated again. She also needs to keep contact with
people belonging to her social status along with maintaining a good relationship with Armin.
d. Would you describe Eva’s trauma as complex trauma? Explain
Ans:Complex trauma includes both exposure to multiple traumatic events, many a times
which are invasive or interpersonal in nature, resulting in extensive, long stretch effects of the
contact. The events are stark and unescapable in nature such as abuse or even neglect. In this
case, Eva also had to face a lot of trouble and physical abuses were part of her past
experiences, which has already a heavy impact on her mental condition, out of which, she has
been in isolation for so many days3.
e. How has trauma affected Eva in the long term?
Ans: Eva was diagnosed with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Eva lost her
father at a very early age due to social violence. She is unable to cope up social situations and
is very isolated. In her past Middle East war torn country her family belonged to a minority
community and her family members were often beaten up. These traumatic experiences,
countingquantity and harshness of trauma one has gone through, inherits various features and
psychologicalwell-beingdangers such as a family history of anxiety and depression4. These
may ultimately lead to the experience of intense or long-lasting trauma.
f. What impact might the violence witnessed by Eva in her home country have on her
current trauma?
3 Mitchell, Rebecca J., et al. "Comparative analysis of trends in paediatric trauma outcomes in New
South Wales, Australia." Injury 44.1 (2013): 97-103.
4Muskett, Coral. "Trauma‐informed care in inpatient mental health settings: A review of the
literature." International journal of mental health nursing 23.1 (2014): 51-59.

3MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Ans: Eva witnessed violence in her own country where her family parents were beaten,
and even killed by the local community. She has escaped and moved to Australia, and it has
been six years since then. But, the repetitive thoughts of the violent events and the isolation
that she is in leads to the mental health problems like post trauma stress disorder, and lead to
experience of intense long lasting trauma. Are there common beliefs and attitudes towards
people who have experienced interpersonalviolence? How does this affect their treatment?
Ans:Common beliefs and attitudes are always present towards people who have
experienced interpersonal violence. In this case,violence affected Eva in her native country,
where the locals even killed her father. The escape to Australia, even led to the loss of her
mother and sibling5. So during treatment also there are chances that, stereotypical attitudes
and behavior of sympathy, emotional feeling may appear with the patient, in turn it may
cause serious problems in the treatment.
g. In what ways did Eva learn to cope with her trauma? Would you describe these ways
as typicaltrauma related coping strategies?
Ans: Eva took the ways to cope up with her trauma, in a typical way. She had long lasting
effects of depression due to the past experiences that she had, in her home country, where she
and her family received torture and physical abuses, in the war ridden country of middle east.
She also lost her mother and sibling, while escaping to Australia. She had no relatives in
Australia and did not work outside home. For the past six years, Eva has become increasingly
withdrawn and isolated. Later it was discovered that in order to cope up with depression and
anxiety, she was taking far more medication than described. She was doing this
unintentionally as it was put down to forgetfulness and out of desire to block out her pain.
h. Is trauma prevalent in the general population, and amongst service users? Explain
5Gruen, Russell L., Ian G. Jacobs, and Michael C. Reade. "Trauma and tranexamic acid." Med J
Aust 199.5 (2013): 310-311.

4MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Ans: Trauma is of course present amongst service users, who are taking mental health
conditioning from different health centers. These can be as results of previous abuses,
interpersonal violence, leading to depression and anxiety, fear, and other psychological
problems. In the general population as well many a times but not always, trauma can appear
due to depression, anxiety resulting out of different past experiences and terrifying incidents
that happened in their personal lives.
i. Are there general differences in the ways male and females respond to trauma? How
does thisaffect the trauma informed care they should receive?
Ans: One suggestion for higher rate of Post-Trauma-Stress-Disorder is that,
femalespractice more number of traumatic happenings than the men. In factinvestigation
studies show, contradictory. Men are likely to experience traumas due to combat, accidents,
natural disasters and manmade disasters. Accordingly, men and women must be treated
differently and with different approach6.
j. How did Eva’s flashbacks contribute to her re‐traumatization?
Ans: Eva’s life was full of war torn memories. The country she lived in, her family used
to be beaten and tortured mercilessly, her father even was killed. Her mother and sibling died
during escaping to Australia. So in this situation, where Armin is celebrating as he has been
granted citizenship with his family members, remembering anything about taking refuge and
asylum, and meeting with people with similar background, is bringing flashback to her mind
and leading to depression and long lasting trauma.
k. Are there links between suicidality, self‐harm and interpersonal trauma? Explain
6Curtis, Kate, et al. "Acute costs and predictors of higher treatment costs of trauma in New South
Wales, Australia." Injury 45.1 (2014): 279-284.

5MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Ans: Interpersonal violence like abuses, domestic violence, or in the war ridden countries,
the physical abuses occurring continuously on other sects or outsiders, killing, torturing leads
to formation of long-lasting effects like depression, anxiety, and even trauma. These
traumatic incidentscan gradually lead to implications of self-harm which starts as a way to
relieve the build-up of pressure and disturbing and distressing thoughts and feelings. This
may be due to the fact that it can reduce emotional pain to some extent. But ultimately these
self-harming implications can result the patients or sufferers even committing suicides, or
having suicidal tendencies7.
l. Describe how you will you encourage healthy and supportive relationships to all your
clients at theservice.
Ans: Providing proper mental healthcare to the people suffering from trauma and distress,
is one of the most important aspects of the entire healing process. The clients are provided
with skills in becoming familiar with emotional regulation and distress tolerance. Trauma
self-help healing recovery tips is to be provided. They must minimize isolation by connecting
with others, seek out support from friends, colleagues and family members, participate in
social activities even if they do not like them. The must should be minimizing self-blaming
and o be judgmental.
m. How will you promote the belief to Eva that recovery is possible?
Ans: Everything in life is temporary. All pain, disbelief present in our life will be over
today or tomorrow. In Eva and Armin’s case also, Eva has gone through terrible and
terrifying incidents, lost her parents, siblings. But recovery from trauma that she is facing is
definitely possible. Positive attitude towards life, Eva has to live for her daughter and bring
7 Curtis, Kate, et al. "Acute costs and predictors of higher treatment costs of trauma in New South
Wales, Australia." Injury 45.1 (2014): 279-284.

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up to a future fruitful life. Armin also has a new citizenship and together they have a beautiful
future ahead.
n. When is the use of compulsory treatment, seclusion or restraint applied in mental
healthtreatment, and what impact does this have on the client? Explain
Ans: Mental health, illness arising out of severe depression, trauma can lead to
behavioral changes among the clients. They can even out of self-harming and suicidal
tendencies become violent and even cause self-harm as well as harm to others who are
around. So, in order to properly do the treatment of clients in a positive way and result
oriented way, the use of compulsory treatment, seclusion or restraint is applied in mental
health treatment8.
2. Trauma related practice is informed by legal and ethical considerations emanating
from local, nationaland international sources. The items below are relevant to trauma
related practice. For each itemprovide 2 points, one which must define the term, and
another point to relate the term to traumarelated practice.
a. Codes of Practice:
Definition: The programmedemonstrationsspecialists how to convey out the roles
and tasks. To safeguard everyone receive quality service and safe care.
Example: The codes are developed to give the employees a standard to follow for
professional behavior towards the clients of mental health program. The need
grew from problems of role of definition and interdisciplinary collaboration.
b. Discrimination:
Definition: Discrimination is when some people treats the patient in aundesirable
way. Social dishonor and discernment can make psychologicalwell-
8 Newman, Louise, Nicholas Proctor, and Michael Dudley. "Seeking asylum in Australia: immigration
detention, human rights and mental health care." Australasian Psychiatry 21.4 (2013): 315-320.

7MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
beingdifficulties more complex and stop any individual from receiving any further
help.
Example: Social isolation, unemployment and scarcenessare all linked to
psychological illness. So in the long run, discernment can trap people in a
sequence of sickness.
c. Dignity of risk
Definition: Dignity of risk is the awareness, which says that freedom, and right to
undertake rationalrisks, which are vital for self-esteem, confidence, and so, should
not be impeded in caregiving9.
Example: The dignity of risk is an idea that can develop with children with autism
when they are in elementary school. Parents want to protect the children from
physical as well as emotional harm, which is true, whether the child has disability
or not.
d. Human rights
Definition: The privilegesprotected by the European Convention on human rights,
which are undertakenby the Human Rights Act. It had an enormouseffect in the
way people with psychological problems, learning incapacities and dementia are
cured.
Example: The right to liberty and freedom. The right to pursuit of happiness.
The right to live life free of discrimination. The right to be free from prejudice on
the basis of race, gender, national origin, colour, age or sex.
e. Informed consent:
9Fatovich, Daniel M., et al. "The effect of age, severity, and mechanism of injury on risk of death from
major trauma in Western Australia." Journal of trauma and acute care surgery74.2 (2013): 647-651.

8MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Definition: The Mental Health Act needs that the patients are specifiedaction for
their illness. Only the client who can refuse the informed consensus for the
treatment. No other person is authorized by rule to make any choices for the
patient.
Example: By signing the Informed Consent, which includes privacy practices
receipt, the person voluntarily agrees to receive or not receive mental health
assessment, care, treatment or services, and authorize the therapist to provide such
care, services including treatment procedures.
f. Mandatory reporting
Definition: Mandatory reporting is a process that child abuse is prevalent,
thoughtful and often concealed, which may ultimately relate to serious mental
problems in the future.
Example: It is the requirement ofmandatory reporters by law to report any case of
suspected child abuse and neglect to government authorities whenever and where
they are required. Mandatory reporters are the people who have to deliver the
following services, wholly or partly, to children as part of their paid or
professional work.
g. Practice standards
Definition:The development in the process of mental healthinessexerciseprinciples
is based on beliefs that all clients and patientsand their care-takers, families
consume the right to supposetraditionallysuitable and clinically relevant
professional practices.
Examples: Quality of the specialist’sassociation with the client, information and
skills of the doctor in the valuation and conduct procedures10.
10Wilson, Allyson, Marie Hutchinson, and John Hurley. "Literature review of trauma‐informed care:
Implications for mental health nurses working in acute inpatient settings in Australia." International
journal of mental health nursing 26.4 (2017): 326-343.

9MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
h. Policy frameworks
Definition: The Mental Health Policy Framework stipulates about the lawful, best
available practices, process obligation all that the health service workers must
have to adhere.
Examples:Agreement with the necessities of legislation under Health services Act
2016 and Mental Health Act 2014. Service co-ordination and mixing in the
provision of mental well-beingfacilities.
i. Rights of workers andemployers
Definition: Employment law shields all human rights and dutiesinside the
employer-employee affiliation. The employee rights applies to personal
possessions, and related to discernment, unlawfuldissolution, wages.
Examples: Right to be allowed from discrimination and annoyance of all types.
Right to a safe workplace, or any safety hazards.
j. Rights of individuals accessingthe service
Definition:Mental Health rulesallow the spontaneous treatment of persons
suffering from psychiatric diseases Australia has its own MHA rules and balance
the civil rights.
Example: People living with mental health conditions are also like any other
person. They have individuals they be worthy to be treated with formality, under
the above mentioned rules.
k. Responsibilities of workers and employers
Definition:Supporting and encouraging people to overcome their mental health
problems of depression, anxiety and become and lead normal life like anyone else.

10MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Example:Screen health patients in psychiatric divisions such as infirmaries and
different psychologicalhealth units. Providing medicines and other behaviors to
patients, under the commands of physicians or nurses.
l. Responsibilities of individuals accessing the service
Definition: Mental Health Actionsallow the spontaneous commitment and
treatment of psychiatric illnesses. Australia has its own rules and regulations and
balance the civil liberties.
Example: People living by mental health conditions are also like any other person.
They have like people they justify to be treated with self-respect, under law they
have their own rights.
m. Specific laws related to trauma
Definition: The Mental Well-being Policy Outlinestipulates about the permissible,
finest available practices, writing and procedure requirement all that the health
facility providers must have to adhere.
Examples: Agreement with the necessities of legislation under Health services Act
2016. Co-ordination and incorporation in the facility of mental health amenities.
o. Compulsory treatment refers to the medication that is provided to mental health patients
that have a high complexity in life. These treatments are essential to stabilize the mental
illness among the people suffering from long time trauma. The impact is that it can help the
client to be medically fit. Seclusion includes keeping the patient in an isolated place so that
he or she does not get to impart any physical harm to self as well as to other patients. The
impact that can befall on the patient is that mental trauma and living in isolation can increase
even after the cure. In the case of restraint, the form of treatment is applied to people that
become violent on others as well as self. This is done to patients that suffer from delusion and
persecution disorder that deems them to believe that people exist to cause harm. The impact

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can be excessive brain damage and pressure on leading a normal social life. These forms of
treatment can have a severe damage on the mind of the patients.

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Reference list:
Bateman, Jenna, C. Henderson, and C. Kezelman. "Trauma-informed care and practice:
Towards a cultural shift in policy reform across mental health and human services in
Australia. A national strategic direction." Mental Health Coordinating Council (2013).
Curtis, Kate, et al. "Acute costs and predictors of higher treatment costs of trauma in New
South Wales, Australia." Injury 45.1 (2014): 279-284.
Fatovich, Daniel M., et al. "The effect of age, severity, and mechanism of injury on risk of
death from major trauma in Western Australia." Journal of trauma and acute care
surgery74.2 (2013): 647-651.
Gabbe, Belinda J., et al. "Patient perspectives of care in a regionalised trauma system: lessons
from the Victorian State Trauma System." Medical Journal of Australia 198.3 (2013): 149-
152.
Gabbe, Belinda J., et al. "Reduced population burden of road transport–related major trauma
after introduction of an inclusive trauma system." Annals of surgery 261.3 (2015): 565.
Gruen, Russell L., Ian G. Jacobs, and Michael C. Reade. "Trauma and tranexamic acid." Med
J Aust 199.5 (2013): 310-311.
Mitchell, Rebecca J., et al. "Comparative analysis of trends in paediatric trauma outcomes in
New South Wales, Australia." Injury 44.1 (2013): 97-103.
Muskett, Coral. "Trauma‐informed care in inpatient mental health settings: A review of the
literature." International journal of mental health nursing 23.1 (2014): 51-59.
Newman, Louise, Nicholas Proctor, and Michael Dudley. "Seeking asylum in Australia:
immigration detention, human rights and mental health care." Australasian Psychiatry 21.4
(2013): 315-320.

13MENTAL HEALTH AND TRAUMA CARE
Wilson, Allyson, Marie Hutchinson, and John Hurley. "Literature review of trauma‐informed
care: Implications for mental health nurses working in acute inpatient settings in
Australia." International journal of mental health nursing 26.4 (2017): 326-343.