Mental Health: Symptoms and Causes of Psychosis, Depression, and Mania

This report analyses the symptoms and causes of different types of mental health disorders such as depression, mania, and psychosis. It also explains the fundamental concept of recovery principles and how consumers apply them to their health disorders.

Mental health

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Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
Psychosis health infection.....................................................................................................................2
Signs and symptoms of the psychosis disorder.....................................................................................3
Depression health issue.........................................................................................................................4
Symptoms of the depression problem..................................................................................................5
Mania mental illness..............................................................................................................................6
Signs and symptoms of the mania health illness...................................................................................7
Recovery principles................................................................................................................................8
Mental care providers...........................................................................................................................9
Legal implication..................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................11
References...........................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
Mental health refers to the health disorder which contains human psychological,
emotional and social well-being. Mainly, it impacts on the functions of the individual’s
body system. Mental health also enhances some other difficulties for examples, stress,
depression, anxiety and post traumatic disease (Callaghan et al. 2014, p. 5). Mainly, this
type of problem also changes the nature of individual and patients by affecting their
daily life habits and it is caused due to the genetic factors and biochemical imbalances.
This study goal is to analyse the various symptoms and causes of the different types of
health disorders such as depression, mania and psychosis. Moreover, it will also explain
the fundamental concept of recovery principles and how consumers apply to their
health disorders. The problem of mental illness is growing rapidly and many Australian
adults and teenagers are facing this issue from last five years. This report is categorised
into main four parts, for example, symptoms of the mania, psychosis and depression,
principles of recovery, various kinds of mental health cares and legal implications apply
to mental health.
Psychosis health infection
The term psychosis refers to the mental health problem which is defined as the
disconnection of the individual from the real world. Such kind of health issue also called
the psychiatric disorder that also increases the rate of schizophrenia in the human body.
It is observed that the psychosis infection is caused due to the mental health situation or
utilization of drugs. When any human loses touch with reality and sees something which
does not exist in real word that means he/she is suffering from the psychosis problem.
Moreover, the consumer may have delusion due to this disorder where individual hold
on to untrue and they can lose their interaction with the real world (Bentall et al. 2014,
pp. 12-14). A recent study evaluated that psychosis is one of the common health
disorder in which a person can listen to something which does not exist in real life.
There are many other health issues occur due to the psychosis such as depression,
anxiety, stress and lack of motivation. It is analysed that consumer who is suffering from
the psychosis which can face the problem of hallucinations and the delusions. Term
hallucination refers to the sensory knowledge that occurs due to the lack of the current

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stimulus. For example, a consumer is facing the issue of the hallucination which may
hear their mom or sister yelling at them when their mom is not around them. Moreover,
psychosis patients may have thoughts that are contrary to present evidence which are
defined as delusions health disorders. Due to psychosis, the functions of the body
systems do not work properly and they face the issue of stress. It is analysed that 5% of
the world individuals were diagnosed due to the psychosis health infection in the year
2016 and around 30 million people were diagnosed in the year 2017. Moreover, young
adults are more vulnerable for the psychosis and behavioural changes in one of the
common sign of this problem which is detected by the doctors. It can take numbers of
days and months in order to reduce their impacts from the human body system.
Signs and symptoms of the psychosis disorder
It is analysed that the signs and symptoms of the psychosis problem change one
individual to another and one person can face many symptoms that spread from one to
another person. Stress and depression both are very common symptoms of the
psychosis infection and more than 65% of individuals suffered from many psychosis
symptoms (Forty et al. 2014, pp. 5-8). It is analysed that if any person is connected with
love then they can suffer from the motivation and stress-related issues which are also
symptoms of the psychosis. There are many other signs and symptoms of the psychosis
disorder which are described below:
 Lack of motivation
 Hearing something which does not exist in the real word
 A change in the nature of individual
 Less ability to concentrate
 Facing issues during the concentration and thinking
 The sudden decline in the self-care
 Facing depression
 Suspiciousness
 Delusions (Gage Hickman & Zammit 2016, pp. 6-9).
 Hallucinations
 Sleeping too much

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If any person has one of the symptoms that means he or she is suffering from the issue
of psychosis and they can adopt better treatment or therapy in order to reduce their
impacts. More than 60 adults in Australia were diagnosed due to this issue in between
2015 and 2017 and they hear a voice which is not actually present in the real life
(Grande et al. 2016, p. 5). There are few other signs of this problem, for example, fear,
hearing voice, manic episode, religious delusion and the limited range of the emotions.
According to the world health organization, the rate of psychosis teenagers is very high
as compare to psychosis adults (Howard et al. 2014, 5-8). National Health Service
provided many report and investigations in order to gather the key factors that increase
the problem of the psychosis disorder.
It is analysed that the psychosis is not a health infection in its own right but it is a
symptom which impact on the human body functions. A common kinds of psychotic
delusion is a belief which that the consumer is a significant figure and hearing
something which does not exist is a common symptom of this problem. According to
world health organization in year 2015 around 5 million individuals were faced this
issue and in year 2016 this rate has increased by the 5%. Difficulty concentrating is
another sign of this health problem where individual face some difficulties to complete a
task perfectly.
Depression health issue
Term depression is defined as mental health that affects individual personal life and
daily life activities. According to centres for disease control and prevention evaluated
that the more than 8% of consumers over the age of 14 have depression problem and
this rate is very high in the adult’s people (O'Hara & Wisner 2014, p. 2). World health
organization also provided their views on this issue and they identified that the issue of
depression is a very common health illness in the world which increase the problem of
disability in Australian people.
In between 2015 and 2017 around 20 million individuals in Australia were faced the
problem of the depression and they have also another symptom like stress and loss of
motivation (Paris 2018, pp. 2-4). According to the world health organization, the
problem of the depression also focuses on the feeling of sadness and it has the potential
to reduce the patient's capability to work at home. Moreover, such kind of health issue

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also involves the different conditions of the individual body system, their nature, mood
and daily life activities.
Recent survey proposed by the National Health Service analysed that the issue of
depression is defined as the health condition due to which one in five Australian suffers
from this health disorder (Callaghan et al. 2014, p. 5). Mainly, it can strike at any time
but on average, it initially appears at the time of the mid-20s and in Australia, women
are more likely or suffer from depression as compared to the men (Perkins et al. 2014,
p. 4). Some investigations conducted by the WHO indicated that one-third of female will
face the main depressive episode in their daily life activities. It also increases the rate of
other disorders, for example, dysthymic and stress. The dysthymic is defined as the
mental illness that involves the sadness, human behaviour and changes in mood which
impact on the consumer personal life. In the last five years the rate of depression is
increased by 10% worldwide and 20% of women have more than two symptoms of the
depression as compared to the depressed men. There are major three kinds of
depression identified such as postpartum, persistent depressive and premenstrual
dysphoric.
Symptoms of the depression problem
This section will elaborate on the signs and symptoms of the depression problem and
one person can suffer from the two or more depressive symptoms. Moreover, the
percentage of the depressive females is very high that means in Australia many females
face such kind of problem because they take more stress and pressure in the workplace
(Peterson et al. 2014, pp. 5-7). According to world health organization 2018 report,
more than 30% of women in Australia were diagnosed due to the lack of motivation and
high-stress level but in the case of a depressive male, this rate is very low. This rate is
increasing day by day because female blame themselves for the issue of depression but
in the case of male they blame another individual due to which they do not face high
level depressive condition. There are several signs and symptoms of this health issue
which are the following:
 Change in the behaviour
 Decreased interest in other activities
 Low appetite

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 Unable to sleep or hypersomnia
 Loss of energy
 Change in the individual's body functions
 Feeling of worthlessness
 Recurrent thoughts of the suicide
All these are very common signs and symptoms of the depression problem and it also
increases the problem of suicide or death. Due to which individual can reduce the
energy of their body and they cannot sleep properly which impact on their brain and
daily activities (Ruderfer et al. 2014, p. 4). Today around 20 million individual in
Australia are facing the problem of depression and they also suffer from the stress
because of depressive mood impact on their brain system. Moreover, it is predicted that
in the year 2020 this rate will be increased by the 20% because many employees and
workers in the workplace take more stress that can cause the issue of depression
(Schultze-Lutter Klosterkötter & Ruhrmann 2014, pp. 1-3). It is analysed that the
depression mental health is the treatable disorder which can be easily reduced by
adopting the proper treatment plans (Uher 2014, p. 4). There are major three key
elements which can be used for managing the issue of depression such as support
ranging from discussing practical solutions, psychotherapy like cognitive behavioural
therapy and drug treatments.
Mania mental illness
Term mania refers to the mental illness that is a part of the bipolar disease that impacts
on human behaviour and mood. Mainly such kind of disorder is characterized by the
elevated highs in a mood which is in stark contrast to the stress (Correll et al. 2015, pp.
2-4). According to the world health organization, the mania disorder is a part of type 1
bipolar disease where the level of mood is heightened with the help of hyperactivity.
Mania problem also contains the mirror picture to the stress which increases the rate of
the anxiety or violence in the human body (Van Nierop et al. 2015, p. 3). There are few
techniques and processes involved for determining the severity of the mania disorder
such as young mania rating scale, and Altman self-rating process. Moreover, such kind
of problem is also linked with the artistic talent and creativity and it also requires
medical help in order to reduce their impacts from the individual body.

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It is evaluated that the issue of mania is a long term disorder and one in the four
individual were faced the issue of mania because they did not take proper treatments
and therapies. Hypomania and mania both are a very common bipolar disorder which
changes the behaviour and mood of an individual (Vancampfort et al. 2016, pp. 2-4). A
recent study observed that sometimes mania infection also known as the manic
syndrome that is often conceived as the mirror image to the stress and majority of cases
occur to the bipolar health problem and it is one of the major elements that increases
the issue of schizophrenia and other mental illness (Forty et al. 2014, pp. 5-8).
Signs and symptoms of the mania health illness
It is analysed that the presence of one or two signs in an individual does not mean that
he or she is suffering from the problem of mania. Around 10% of the individual has two
or more signs of the mania in the world but they do not diagnose due to the mania
illness and rate of mania women is very high rather than the men mania (Vancampfort
et al. 2015, pp. 2-5). National Health Service identified several signs and symptoms of
this health infection which are the following:
 Change in the nature of human
 Sadness and change in mood
 More stress
 The decrement in the level of thinking
 Generation of mental illnesses like depression and psychosis
 Not able to sleep properly
 Lack of motivation and lose the energy of the body
 Inflated self-esteem
 Flights of thoughts and ideas
 Upbeat and abnormally jumpy
All these are very common signs of the mania disorder and if any person has such kind
of symptom then they can communicate with the health care providers in order to
reduce their impacts from the body. More than 30% of women in the world were
diagnosed due to the bipolar disorder and Australian individual also face depression
and manic episodes. In order to reduce the impact of mania from the human body

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system there are several strategies and therapies that can be used such as aripiprazole,
cariprazine, lurasidone, asenapine, and risperidone.
Recovery principles
In the year 2004, the national consensus session on the mental illness developed and
produced the principles of recovery in order to control and manage the health-related
disorders such as depression, mania and psychosis infection. By using the strategies of
the recovery principles consumers can easily handle the problems of the mental
illnesses and below principles can be applied on the consumer seeking help for reducing
the impact of mental illness. The recovery principles ensure that the mental illnesses
are provided in a way which helps consumer for the recovery of mental illness. It is
analysed that the SAMHSA developed and implemented ten recovery principles for
mental health disorders which are the following:
The uniqueness of the consumer: with the help of this process consumer can identify
that treatments and therapies are working properly or not. Recovery principle accepts
that recovery results are private and unique for every consumer and consumer can
select the better recovery process as per their mental illness.
Real choices: it also supports patients in order to take their own choices about how
they improve their health and reduce mental health issues. Moreover, mental patients
can select the best approach and lead their lives as per their choices.
Attitudes and rights: the recovery principles include the learning from, listening to and
interaction with the people and their cares about the health diseases. Moreover, it also
promotes consumers in order to protect their legal and citizenship rights.
Dignity and respect: the recovery practice includes the respect and sensitivity for
every consumer, and mental patients and they can apply this principle in their life
which will help to maintain mental health.
Evaluating recovery: this approach ensures and enables continuous evaluation at the
few levels such as patients cares can track their progress, services demonstrate which
they use for improving their health and many more.

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Individual centred: an individual who suffer from depression, mania and other health
illness can apply the individual centred process in order to recover their health. There
are several approaches used such as preferences, nature background, unique strengths
and experiences.
Empowerment: individual which is facing the psychosis, mania and depression which
can adopt the best process and methods in all decisions that reduce the effectiveness of
their body system.
Holistic: it is analysed that the recovery approach focuses on the human's behaviours
and mood that involves communities, brain system, functions of body and spirit.
Nonlinear: recovery of health is not a step by step approach but it is mainly based on
the occasional setbacks and patients can apply these steps in order to reduce the impact
of mental illness on consumer body.
Hope: this is one of the best processes of recovery principles and patients can improve
their motivation and hope by communicating with their family members which can help
to overcome the disorder of mental health.
Mental care providers
It is analysed that primary, secondary and tertiary all these are health care providers
that can be used by the patients because they help them for improving health and
decreasing the rate of mental illness.
The primary care provides a platform to mental illness patients for implementing
strategies for maintaining the impact of the health issues and family members like
parents brings the health care as close as possible (World Health Organization 2016).
Mainly, individual can adopt the family therapy as the primary care because it focuses
on the infrastructure, transport and impact of the health infection of their body
structure. It is observed that there are main few processes which can be adopted by the
patients in the primary health care such as increased panelling, access the health care
systems, data drove, team-based care and patient team partnership by which problem
of depression, mania and psychosis can be reduced. It is observed that the primary care
providers include a network of sub-centres and family welfare providers for reducing

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the impact of the mental health disorders like mania, depression and psychosis.
Therefore, consumers can expect all these cares from the primary health providers
which can help them for decreasing the initial stages of mental illnesses.
From secondary health care providers, patients can expect the better solution for their
problems and they can involve the experiences doctors and better clinical authorities
for diagnosis the issue of depression, psychosis and mania (World Health Organization,
2016). According to National Health Service, the secondary care provider is defined as
the second tier of the health system which helps mania, depression and psychosis
patients to reduce these health problems. It can be adopted by the patients that are not
able to reduce the health disorders from primary health care providers. Mainly, they can
expect the experiences of specialists and experts in the larger hospitals for their
treatment. Moreover, the secondary health provider involves community health centre
and district hospitals for improving the health of consumers.
From tertiary health care providers patients can expect the ICU operations, better
treatments and therapies and knowledgeable consultative care providers for identifying
the key factors that increase the issue of depression, mania and psychosis (World
Health Organization, 2016). The world health organization highlighted that the tertiary
health centre is one of the best consultative health care provider for patients and
consumers can expect the high-level treatment and therapies process from the tertiary
health centre. Mainly, it is delivered in the facility which has personnel and facilities for
the high-level medical investigation and treatment. The tertiary health care involves
neurosurgery, cancer management, mania and depression management, and a host of
complex medical.
Legal implication
For depression, mania and psychosis metal illness the Mental Health Act 2009 can be
applied because it explained all legal rights and rules for mental patients regarding their
treatments. The major purpose of this Act is to allow orders for community treatment
and detention when the individual needed. According to this Act mental health service
providers should be provided with a voluntary basis where possible and patients have
rights to take any action if clinical communities provide detention regarding their health

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infection (Adelaide, 2018, pp. 2-5). This Act applies to individuals with a dangerous
mental problem involving voluntary patients and involuntary patients.
A voluntary person can be admitted in the community at their own request and leave
any time and in the case of the involuntary patient which is unwilling to take proper
treatment may be admitted in a community and they have legal implication or right to
take proper treatment from health care providers. The clinical communities may
examine a patient and produce level 2 community treatment orders if it has a mental
health issue and the consumer should ensure that these orders must be produced by the
authorised medical providers (Adelaide 2018, pp. 5-7). It is observed that a level 1
order is valid for the 28 days and it will expire after the 28th day so, the patient should
ensure that they take proper treatments in the given time and they can take help from
police or court in order to identify the legal implication applied by the clinical
communities.
Conclusion
This report described the signs and symptoms of the depression, mania and psychosis
mental illness with their causes. It is concluded that depression is a very common
mental illness that mainly occurs in women as compared to men because they take
more stress in the workplace. Moreover, the researcher also highlighted the primary,
secondary and tertiary health care providers and principles of recovery apply on mental
illness patients. There are several legal implications and rights are also identified and
evaluated based on mental health-related disorders.

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