Understanding Mental Health Issues: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

This report discusses the signs and symptoms of psychosis, mania and depression health illness and evaluates how principles of recovery apply to the individuals seeking help. It covers the causes, symptoms and treatment options for each of these mental health issues. The report also includes information on mental health care providers and legal implications.

Mental health issues

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Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 2
Psychosis disorder........................................................................................................................................... 2
Symptoms....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Cause of psychosis....................................................................................................................................... 3
Genetics....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Trauma........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Use of substances.................................................................................................................................... 4
Physical disorder or illness................................................................................................................. 4
Mental health situations....................................................................................................................... 4
Depression disorder....................................................................................................................................... 5
Symptoms of depression.......................................................................................................................... 6
Cause of depression.................................................................................................................................... 6
Biological differences............................................................................................................................ 6
Brain chemistry........................................................................................................................................ 7
Hormones................................................................................................................................................... 7
Psychological causes.............................................................................................................................. 7
Mania disorder.................................................................................................................................................. 7
Symptoms of mania disorder...................................................................................................................... 8
Causes of mania............................................................................................................................................ 9
Biological differences............................................................................................................................ 9
Genetics....................................................................................................................................................... 9
Principles of recovery.................................................................................................................................. 10
Mental health care providers................................................................................................................... 11
Legal implications......................................................................................................................................... 12
References........................................................................................................................................................ 14

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Introduction
Mental illness is a kind of health disease that changes the behaviour and nature of
human and their personal habits. It is a kind of issue which may be linked to the
excessive stress due to a specific condition and it is mainly caused by the reaction to
environmental stresses, biochemical imbalances and genetic factors (Freeman, et al.,
2017). The key objective of this report is to discuss the signs and symptoms of
psychosis, mania and depression health illness and evaluate how principles of recovery
apply to the individuals seeking help. Depression, psychosis, and mania all these are
very common types of health issues which are growing rapidly. This report is divided
into major four sections such as signs and symptoms of depression, mania and
psychosis, how principles of recovery apply on these diseases, types of mental health
cares and legal implications.
Psychosis disorder
It is a kind of mental illness which is characterised by the disconnection from the real
world and disruptions to a consumer’s thoughts. It is a very common type of problem
where the patient loses contact with the real world. At the time of psychosis disorder
thoughts of patients and perceptions are disturbed and they can face difficulty for
understanding what is real and what is fake (Gomez, 2018). Moreover, it is analysed
that consumer who is suffering from the psychosis problem may also face a few other
health issues, for example, anxiety, lack of motivation, depression and social
withdrawal. There are many researchers provided their views on this topic like NHS
and WHO and evaluated that the individuals who have such kind of health illness can
suffer from the delusions or hallucinations problems.
The hallucinations are defined as the sensory experiences which occur in the absence of
the present stimulus, for example, a patient which is suffering from the hallucination
that may hear their mother yelling at them when their mom is not around them. It is
analysed that the consumer which have symptoms of psychosis problem may have
thoughts which are contrary to actual evidence (Freeman, et al., 2017). Such kinds of
thoughts and experiences are defined as the delusions problem and it is a part of the
psychosis health issue. Loss of motivation and social withdrawal both are a common

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part of this health issue and patients can face these issues also during the psychosis.
According to world health organization around 3.5% of the world, the population was
suffered from the issue of psychosis in the year 2015 in which hearing voice and seeing
things both are a very common problem identified that occurred in the psychosis issue
(Freeman, et al., 2017).
Symptoms
The symptoms of psychosis disease change person to person and it is observed that
60% of patients may suffer from more than one symptoms. Initially, the consumer may
suffer from depression and stress and if any individual connected with love then he/she
can lose their motivation and thoughts (Baldessarini, Tondo, and Visioli, 2014). There
are various kinds of symptoms of a psychosis health issue which are the following:
 Hearing and searing something which is not actually present
 Disorganized speech
 Lose of motivation
 Feeling indifferent about the significant conditions
 A change in consumer thoughts and behaviours
 Inability to concentrate
 A change in the individual’s personality
 Trouble thinking concentrating
 Spending and taking more time alone than usual
 A sudden decline in self-care (Freeman, et al., 2017).
All these are very common symptoms of psychosis health disorder. It is observed that if
any individual or patient have such kind of symptoms and hear a voice which is not
present in real life then he or she can face the issue of psychosis problem (Freeman, et
al., 2017).
Cause of psychosis
It is analysed that most of teenagers and adults suffer from psychosis disorder and the
rate of psychosis teenagers is very high as compare to psychosis adults (Ranzcp, 2016).
There are a few key factors which can contribute to the psychosis health issue which are
described below:

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Genetics
It is one of the common causes of psychosis problem and if any family member has such
kind of problem then their children can face these health issues. It is not confirmed that
an individual has a gene they will suffer from the psychotic problem (Stewart, and
Vigod, 2016). The genetic play a significant role in the field of psychosis but the rate of
the genetic problem is very less as compared to other factors.
Trauma
It is defined as the action, for example, war, death and sexual assault which can trigger
and increase the problem of psychosis disorder. Moreover, the kind of trauma can affect
whether a traumatic action will result in the psychotic episode (Oyh.org, 2018).
Use of substances
It is identified that the utilization of marijuana, amphetamines and LSD can enhance the
rate of psychosis in the adults and young people who are already vulnerable due to this
issue (Daros, et al., 2014).
Physical disorder or illness
There are various kinds of diseases and illness which can cause the psychosis issue, for
example, brain tumours, HIV, traumatic brain injuries, Alzheimer’s, dementia and many
more (Oyh.org, 2018).
Mental health situations
It is analysed that sometimes psychosis is defined as a symptom of the situation such as
schizoaffective disease, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar health infection (Stewart,
and Vigod, 2016).
If any people have such kinds of causes and diseases then they require the early
treatment in order to reduce their impact on the body system. Moreover, investigators
indicated that if earlier individuals who are experiencing and suffering from psychosis
receive the best treatments then they can increase the quality of their life (Berry, et al.,
2016). In order to reduce the impact of such kind of health issue coordinated specialty
care provided the treatment methods and many clinical communities use these
methods. Mainly it contains a group of health professionals that work with an individual
in order to provide better treatment plans for the psychosis health disorders

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(Townsend, and Morgan, 2017). The current treatments and therapies for this health
disorder contain medication and psychotherapy both these can reduce the impact of
psychosis and other health-related issues.
Depression disorder
Depression is a type of health infection which is characterized by the persistent feelings
of worthlessness, sadness and lack of desire to engage in formerly activities. This health
problem is not a passing blue mood that almost everyone faces from time to time but a
complex body illness which interfaces with functions (Fu, et al., 2015). It is observed
that it is one of the common health issues which are growing day by day and in the year
2015 around 30% of individuals were suffered from depression in worldwide.
According to the National Health Service every year around 16 million consumers in the
U.S. suffered from the problem of depression. Depressions refer to the situation which
contains human body system, their thoughts and mood and mainly it disables the
motivation and interferes with the functioning of daily life.
The major depression issue is manifested in the persistently sad mood accompanied
through various kinds of symptoms which interfere with the ability to work, eat and
enjoy pleasurable events. If any person has such kind of issue then he or she can suffer
from the other diseases such as stress, dysthymic, and so on and it also affects the
functional process of human body systems. The dysthymic is a part of depression
mental health which contains the sad mood and change in behaviour but the depressed
mood is not a part of disabling but it affects the human body systems. A recent
investigation conducted by world health organization analysed the main depressive
issue can often be treated for a better quality of life and it increases the rate of negative
emotions in the humans and patients (McGrath, et al., 2016). Such kinds of health issue
occur in any age but mostly teenagers suffer from depression rather than adults and
children.
Around 30% of patients in Australia were suffered from depression disorder and less
than 10% of individuals have a major depression problem. Moreover, the rate of
depressive females are very high as compare to the depressive men and more than 3%
world-wide face such kind of health issue every year (Gibbs, et al., 2015). There are
various kinds of depression disorders which are described below:

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 Major depression
 Postpartum depression
 Persistent depressive disease
 Premenstrual dysphonic disease
Symptoms of depression
It is analysed that the rate of depression issue in women is twice to the rate of
depressive men and it is growing rapidly because women blame themselves for the
depression problem but men blame other individuals (Grande, et al., 2016). There are
various kinds of symptoms of depression health disorder which are described below:
 The feeling of emptiness, sadness and hopelessness
 Feelings of exhaustion
 Loss of interest in previously events and activities
 Suicidal thoughts or attempts of suicide
 Changes in appetite
 Feeling out of control
 Change in behaviour
 Panic attacks
 Feeling of tension
 Feeling guilty and irritabilities
All these are very common symptoms of depression health disorder and if any person
has any one of a symptom then they can take the best treatment in order to reduce their
impact (Betts, et al., 2016). Moreover, for many individuals with the depression issue,
symptoms usually are severe enough to cause noticeable issues in day to day events, for
example, social events, work and school. In younger adults and children the symptoms
of this health infection may contain irritability, worry, pains, being underweight and
clinginess.
Cause of depression
There are various kinds of causes of depression health issues which are described
below:

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Biological differences
Individuals with the depression health issue appear to have physical changes in their
body system (Usdin, Bunney, and Kline, 2016). The major significance of these changes
is still undefined but it is analysed that it is a common cause of depression.
Brain chemistry
A recent study about depression analysed that changes in the function and impact of
these neurotransmitters and it is a part of depression cause (Stewart, and Vigod, 2016).
Mainly, neurotransmitters are occurring and producing the brain chemical in the human
body system which plays a significant role in the depression.
Hormones
It is identified that changes in the human body system and balance of hormones can be
included in the cause of depression disorder. Changes in human hormones can produce
the process of pregnancy and it also increases the rate of depression infection (Stewart,
and Vigod, 2016).
Psychological causes
Females are more prone to psychological causes of this disorder as compare to the male
and females are more likely to produce negative thoughts. Stress and negative body
images both are psychological key factors that cause the problem of depression
(Kamperman, et al., 2017).
In order to reduce the impact of depression consumers and patients can take better
treatments options in order to enhance their quality of life (Stewart, and Vigod, 2016).
Medications and therapies both are major best approaches that can be adopted by the
women and man for reducing the impact of depression from the human body system.
Mania disorder
Mania is defined as the mental health disease which is characterized by the highs in
nature and moos which are in stark contrast to the depression. It refers to the type 1
bipolar health infection in which the mood state is heightened by hyperactivity.
Moreover, the mania is a period of over active and excited natures which have a
significant impact on a human day to day life (Kamperman, et al., 2017). Such kind of
health problem causes the large mood swings which involve emotional mania and huge

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depression. It is observed that when any consumer has become depressed, they may
feel then they can suffer from the mania health disorder and it affect the functions of the
human body system. Moreover, the problem of mania is a lifelong situation and
consumer can suffer from other health disorders like depression and stress.
It is observed that there are major two kinds of disease occur in the human body, for
example, hypomania and mania (Kamperman, et al., 2017). In which mania is a more
effective health issue and it is more severe as compare to the hypomania disorder and
cause large noticeable issues at school, workplace and social events. It is also called as
the manic syndrome which is often conceived as the mirror picture to the depression
and stress (Rapado-Castro, et al., 2017). Moreover, the vast majority of the cases occur
in the context of bipolar health infection and it is a key factor that increases the rate of
other health disorders, for example, bipolar type and schizoaffective health infection.
Symptoms of mania disorder
According to the world health organization the occurrence of only one or two signs and
symptoms of mania disorder does not mean that consumers have bipolar or mania
health infection. There are few other symptoms identified which are described below:
 Change in the behaviour and mood
 Speech disruptions
 Impaired judgment
 Change in the pattern of human thoughts
 Development and generation of psychosis
 Reduced require for sleep
 Racing thoughts
 Distractibility
 Poor decision making
 Abnormally jumpy and upbeat
 Inflated self esteem
 Large talkative as compare to the requirement
 Flights of ideas

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If any person has any one of sing and symptom then they can communicate with the
clinical communities and take proper treatment and therapies in order to avoid the
impact of mania (Berk, et al., 2017). Moreover, the rate of mania in women is very high
as compared to the men and many countries are suffering from this problem for
example, the United Kingdom, Australia, United State and many more.
Causes of mania
The exact cause of the mania health disorder is not identified but there are few key
factors which may include which are described below:
Biological differences
Individuals with mania health infection appear to have physical changes in their body
system and these changes may cause the mania disorder. The major importance of these
changes is not identified but it increases the rate of mania health disorder (Pearlson, et
al., 2016).
Genetics
The mania disorder is one of the common health issues in individuals who have the
initial degree relative, for example, parent and sibling with the health issue. Therefore,
this is very genetic that consumers can face mania disorder if their family members
have this issue (Vandeleur, et al., 2014). There are few other possible causes of the
mania mental illness which are described below:
 Large level of depression and stress
 Changes in the pattern of sleep
 Utilization of stimulants for example alcohol and drugs
 A potential change in behaviour and daily life activities
 Substance abuse (Kamperman, et al., 2017).
 A side effect of the medication
 As a side effect of any physical health issue
 If any consumer who has a friend or family member that have mania problem
then the individual is more likely to suffer from the mania disorder
 There are few pieces of evidence and facts that show that the function of the
nerves in the human brain could play a significant role in the generation of the
mania mental illness (Kamperman, et al., 2017).

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According to the National Health Service there are few key factors which can cause the
mania health issue which involves HIV, vascular problem, thyroid mental illness, and
encephalitis disease (Kamperman, et al., 2017). Moreover, the neurological situation
which contains the Huntington's disorder, dementia problem, brain tumours, and stroke
all these can play an important role for the generation of mania and hypomania problem
in the human body system.
Principles of recovery
It is analysed that in the year 2004 the national consensus conference on mental health
recovery and other health professionals produced and implemented the principles of
recovery and they can be applied to the user or patient seeking help (Jääskeläinen, et al.,
2018). With the help of these principles, patients can easily control and monitor the
problems of depression, mania and psychosis mental illness. During this time period the
SAMHSA provided and developed around 10 major key principles for recovery the
mental health issues which are described below:
Self-direction: consumers and patient can identify their own path and they can take
self-treatments in order to reduce the impact of depression, mania and psychosis
disorders (Kamperman, et al., 2017).
Individualized and consumer-centred: it is observed that there are various kinds of
process and methods which can be adopted by the individuals in order to recover their
health illnesses such as unique strengths, preferences, culture and nature background
and experiences (Kamperman, et al., 2017).
Empowerment: patients who suffer from depression, mania, psychosis and other
illness they can select the better options and participate in all decisions which impact on
their body.
Holistic: moreover, the recovery process mainly focuses on the individual's complete
lives which contain communities, the human body, brain and spirit (Kamperman, et al.,
2017).

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Nonlinear: recovery is not a stage by stage method but it based on the occasional
setbacks and learning from experience and consumers can collect these steps for
reducing their disease (Kamperman, et al., 2017).
Strength based: recovery builds and produced on the basis of human’s strengths and
weakness
Peer support: individuals who suffer from the mental illness they can follow the
mutual process because it plays an invaluable role in the recovery of human mental
disorders.
Respect: there are few key factors which are more crucial in the recovery of the health
disorders and consumers can follow them such as communities, acceptance and
appreciation by organization, scheme of care and so on (Jääskeläinen, et al., 2018).
Responsibility: recent study evaluated that the patients are more responsible for their
self-care and they can maintain their own health by adopting the proper treatment and
healthy diet plans.
Hope: hope and motivation both are major key factors of the recovery principles and
the individual can focus on their hope and overcome the problem of mental illness.
With the help of all these principles of recovery, consumers can improve their health
and they can reduce the impact of mental health illness on the human body system
(Jääskeläinen, et al., 2018). There are few other recovery principles which can be
adopted by the mental health patients such as explanation and training for the patient
and their family member in order to understand the problem of consumer and combine
psychological, social intervention and pharmacological that focuses on patients
disorders (Oyh.org, 2018).
Mental health care providers
there are major three kinds of mental health care provided which can be used in order
to reduce the impact of depression, mania and psychosis mental illness such as primary
health care, secondary health care and tertiary health care (Jääskeläinen, et al., 2018).

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The primary health care is the best process for providing health care services where
family members with the health process bring health care as close as possible
(Rosenfeld, 2018). It also focuses on the various key elements, for example,
employment, infrastructure, education, and transport. There are major 10 blocks that
can help for developing the best health care system, for example, data-driven,
leadership, team-based care, population management, enhanced panelment, patient
team partnership, comprehensiveness, simple process to access health care, and care
coordination.
The secondary health care is defined as the second process of health scheme in which
patients are communicated with the specialists. From secondary health care providers,
the consumer can expect high level specialists, best clinical communities for the
treatment of mental health diseases (Jääskeläinen, et al., 2018).
The tertiary health care is defined as the 3rd level of health care scheme and consumers
can adopt the best treatment option with the help of this process. moreover, patients
who suffer from the mental health issues they can expect specialized consultative care,
high level diagnostic support services and specialized ICU from the tertiary health care
providers (Jääskeläinen, et al., 2018). With the help of these processes, consumers can
improve their health and they can reduce the rate of depression, mania and psychosis
problem.
Primary care of psychosis
The primary care for the psychosis patients can be provided by their family members
and friends. Moreover, primary care also needed the resources constraints, professional
role for better understanding and staff education and training (Bmj open, 2018).
Secondary care of psychosis
The secondary health care for the psychosis patient contains the strategies that focus on
the reducing the impact of psychosis on their body system. Early intervention is a part
of secondary care that has potential to reduce the severity of the initial psychosis
problem (Ranzcp, 2016).
Tertiary care of psychosis

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It is one of the best health care providers which involve the various kinds of treatments
and therapies in order to reduce the problem of psychosis. After taking the secondary
care consumer can adopt the tertiary care providers that provide the high level doctors
and experienced specialists (Ranzcp, 2016). Moreover, psychosis patients should
communicate with the high authority of the health care and they can contact with the
psychosis disorder specialists.
Legal implications
Mental health contains consumer psychological, emotional and psychological and it
affects the functions of the human body system. It is observed that mental health term is
sometimes utilized in order to mean an absence of the mental disease and it has
potential to affect the day to day life activities (Sheaves, et al., 2016). According to the
world health organisation term, mental health is defined as the state of wellbeing in
which the consumer realizes their own potential and takes more stress in order to
complete their work. The WHO evaluated and identified that the mental health problem
is not just the absence of the mental disorder and it can produce various kinds of
diseases such as depression, schizophrenia, mania, psychosis and many other. Around 1
in the five persons suffers from the mental health issue every year and 9.8 million adults
in 2015 were diagnosed due to the mental health disorders in Australia.
In order to control and maintain the problem of mental health, there are various kinds
of laws and legal act developed in which mental health act is the best law which can be
applied on depression, mania and psychosis. The mental health act 2009 in South
Australia provides a platform to evaluate the legal implication towards human mental
health issues (Jääskeläinen, et al., 2018). The mental health act is defined as the law
governing the treatment, care and rehabilitation of individuals with danger mental
issues in South Australia (Uher, et al., 2014). The major objective of this act is to ensure
the accessibility and delivery of the specialist care, treatment and help consumers to
maintain mental illness. Moreover, it also allows orders for community detention and
treatment to be made when it needed. According to this Act, the level of the community
treatment order is valid for the maximum 28 days and it will expire at a time fixed in the
order not later than the 2 pm (Legislation, 2018). It is analysed that inpatient treatment
regarding their health has legal rights to take immediate action if they are well fit. If any

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patient is unwell then they should ensure that they follow the proper treatment plans
and they have legal rights to take serious action if the impact of mental illness is not
reduced. Police also play a major role in the detention where they have rights to identify
the problem faced by patients. From this Act, it is analysed that it is not necessary to
produce a level 1 community treatment for treating a patient in an emergency condition
and emergency services play a major role for identifying the legal implications of the
mental health patients (Adelaide, 2018). Moreover, patients have rights to put their case
in court if they are suffering from mental health issues and another involuntary process.
The mental health act can be applied to major two kinds of patients, for example,
voluntary patients and involuntary patients. A voluntary patient can be admitted into
the hospital at the individual’s own permission and they can leave in any situation
unless a detention or therapy order is issued (Legislation, 2018). In the case of
involuntary patients consumer who is unwilling to accept or take voluntary therapy that
may be placed on a community treatment or a detention order which need them to get
better treatment. According to mental health act if any patient admits in the mental
health service without their permission then this act can be applied to the care
providers and doctors (Legislation, 2018). It is observed that consumer undergoing
voluntary treatment is not needed to continue with the appointments with the health
care providers with medication. Moreover, an appeal is an issue in order to take a
decision and it contains collected the matter from the human body system to see if their
body believes the best decision was made.
Conclusion
This report is based on the mental health illness and readers can gather their
experience in the field of mental health. It is concluded that the rate of psychosis women
is very high as compared to the rate of psychosis men and many women suffer from
depression health disorder. This report described the symptoms, cause and treatment
for mania, psychosis and depression health disease. Moreover, the researcher also
discussed the mental health act and various kinds of health care providers in order to
reduce the impact of mental illness.

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