Metal Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel 316L.

Metal Additive
Manufacturing
Stainless Steel 316L

Introduction:
• Additive Manufacturing is used for creating three
dimensional parts.
• Currently there are several issues in the additive
manufacturing process.
• Issues in the metal AM manufacturing process will be
identified and presented briefly for the Stainless Steel
316L.

Current issues in Additive Manufacturing:
• The main issues currently faced by the additive
manufacturing are the Surface Finish, Porosity and the
Residual Stress [1].
• Due to this issues output products from the additive
manufacturing process are very low quality.
• There are various additive manufacturing process which
can be used for rectifying the above issues of
manufacturing.

Surface Finish Issue:
• Due to this issue of additive manufacturing surface of the
3D printed material remains bumpy and rough.
• Powder Bed Fusion can be used fix this partially.
• Applying a layer of finer particles on the manufactured
product will solve this issue.

Porosity in Additive Manufacturing of 316L:
• The porosity issue is occurrence of small cavities in the
manufactured product.
• Porosity can make the product vulnerable as it can
cracked easily.
• For avoiding this type of issues gas pockets in
manufacturing process should be eliminated.

Residual Stress Issue:
• Residual Stress issue leads to
cracks in the stainless steel
manufacturing.
• Residual Stress is the result of
expansion and contraction
and heating and cooling.
• Residual Stress can be
managed by heat treatment
process and by providing a
support structure.

Conclusion:
• Additive manufacturing is useful for achieving complicated
designs with very much lower effort.
• Metal AM process is not error free and currently
consisting various issues.
• Techniques for avoiding issues in metal AM has been
discussed.

References:
[1] Lewandowski, John J., and Mohsen Seifi. "Metal additive manufacturing:
a review of mechanical properties." Annual Review of Materials
Research 46 (2016): 151-186.
[2] Tapia, G., A. H. Elwany, and H. Sang. "Prediction of porosity in metal-
based additive manufacturing using spatial Gaussian process
models." Additive Manufacturing 12 (2016): 282-290.
[3] Denlinger, Erik R., Jarred C. Heigel, Pan Michaleris, and T. A. Palmer.
"Effect of inter-layer dwell time on distortion and residual stress in additive
manufacturing of titanium and nickel alloys." Journal of Materials
Processing Technology 215 (2015): 123-131.
[4] Turner, Brian N., and Scott A. Gold. "A review of melt extrusion additive
manufacturing processes: II. Materials, dimensional accuracy, and surface
roughness." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 3 (2015): 250-261.