Prevalence of Cardiovascular Harm among Methamphetamine Users and Effects on Cardiac Health

This scoping review aims to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular harm among methamphetamine users and the effects of use on cardiac health. The research objective is to understand the concept of cardiovascular harm among methamphetamine users, analyse the prevalence of cardiovascular harm, evaluate the adverse effects of consumption on the cardiovascular system, identify the effect of methamphetamine on cardiac healing, and examine ways to minimize cardiovascular harm. The study includes identification of relevant studies, selection of reliable studies, data extraction, study quality appraisal, and summarizing findings.

A SCOPING REVIEW TO INVESTIGATE
THE PREVALENCE OF
CARDIOVASCULAR HARM AMONG
METHAMPHETAMINE USERS AND
THE EFFECTS OF USE ON CARDIAC
HEALTH

Table of Contents
RESEARCH TITLE.........................................................................................................................1
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………...
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH AIM............................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................1
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................2
RATIONALE OF RESEARCH.......................................................................................................2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................2
Identification of Relevant Studies..........................................................................................2
Selection of relevant and reliable studies ..............................................................................2
Data extraction from included studies....................................................................................3
Study quality appraisal...........................................................................................................3
Collating, summarising and reporting the findings.............................................................3
RESULTS........................................................................................................................................3
FINDING, DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION..............................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

RESEARCH TITLE
“To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular harm among methamphetamine user and their
effect on the cardiac health”
BACKGROUND
Amphetamine was first made in year 1887 in Germany where methamphetamine is more
potent and is easy to made. Methamphetamine was first developed in Japan in year 1919. It has
the crystalline powder which was effectively soluble in water which made it effective to use as
an injection. Wide use of methamphetamine was first in the World War II. This was used to for
the both side to make their troops awake which allow them to fight for longer. High dose of
methamphetamine was given to the Japanese Kamikaze pilots just before the suicide mission
which allow him to get awake for longer to complete the mission. After World War II, abuse of
methamphetamine was reached epidemic proportions when stored supply get available for the
Japanese public. In 1950’s, methamphetamine has been prescribed as the diet aid along with to
fight with depression. This become easily available which was used as the nonmedical stimulants
by adults and college student, athletes, truck drivers along with abuse of drug spread. Due to
easily availability of the methamphetamine in injection form worsen its abuse. In 1970, US
government has made methamphetamine drug as illegal for the most uses due to increase cases
of its abuse. After that, production along with distribution of methamphetamine was controlled
by the American motorcycle gangs. Large number of user of methamphetamine were lived in the
rural communities and due to this, they were not able to afford the expensive cocaine.
In 1990’s, there was an organisation named Mexican drug trafficking organisation that set
up large laboratories within California. These laboratories had the ability to generate about fifty
pounds of compound within a single weekend. There were also smaller labs which have sprung
up in kitchen along with apartments where this drug was earning their name as the Stove top was
spread across the United States along with into Europe. In present most of the drug are available
in Asia which are produced within Thailand. Methamphetamine is the potent to central nervous
system stimulant which are generally used the recreational drug and are less commonly used as
the second line of treatment for the attention deflict hyperactivity disorder along with obesity.
This is specific chemical substance and rarely prescribed. Methamphetamine are having
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tolerance which is expected to develop within use of regular methamphetamine use when used
recreationally which developed tolerance rapidly. There is acute cardiac effects of
methamphetamine which are caused due to sympathomimetic properties and their direct
cardiotoxicity. There is impact like increased in systolic blood pressure, increased heart rate
along with respiratory rate within course of several hours. Abuse of methamphetamine can lead
to long-term hypertension along with hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Abuse of methamphetamine
is second most common cause which can lead to aortic dissection. There is still not enough
information which can provide the data that can say that methamphetamine is the cause of
developing heart failure within higher percentage of patients.
For collection of data, there is use of different method which includes the qualitative and
quantitative method which are effective and allow to get access to the information for the
research. Quantitative method allows the research to get data collection about the research topic
with some presentation of numeric data which allows to collect the information about the
methamphetamine and its negative impact on cardiovascular system. There is also use of
qualitative method which is associated with collected information about the related topic that
help to get learn about the impact of methamphetamine on the individual health and it vital
impact. This also help in collection of informative data that help to rely on the information and
its authentication. There is also use of secondary research which allows to collection information
and data about the methamphetamine which is associate with negative impact on individual
health concerning cardiovascular health impact. There is use of different journals, article, books
and different websites which allow to gather the data and related information that help in the
research topic and provide the enough information about the methamphetamine that have
negative health impact on the patient with cardiovascular diseases. These are some of the method
which are used for the collection of data and information in the research topic which allows to
get better information about the research topic. There are various information data get available
with different method which allows to provide the enough information about the research topic.
From research, it has been identifying that there is negative health impact on cardiac
which can be there due to use of methamphetamine on the cardiovascular. There is high
prevalence of cardiovascular harm among the user of methamphetamine and leads to negative
health impact. There is cardiomyopathy which is associated with severe systolic dysfunction with
the left ventricular chamber dilation. There can have negative health impact on the individual
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who used the methamphetamine drug. Due to negative health impact on cardiovascular impact
the individual which can have impact on the cardiovascular health impact.
In this research it has been concludes that there is high prevalence of cardiovascular harm
with the user of methamphetamine and other cardiac health impact. There are more prominent
drugs which are associated with the cardiovascular disease which includes stimulants and other
opioid drugs. There is high risk of increase in the vascular heart disorder which is disrupted by
the balancing of certain neurotransmitters called catecholamine within body and brain. They are
the one that can damage dopamine along with serotonin neurone within brain. There is
information through the data that most of the methamphetamine are made illegally and may
contain talc, caffeine along with other toxic substances. User of methamphetamine are having
27% increased risk of sudden death with people. There is various negative impact of
methamphetamine which create negative impact on the cardiovascular which may include heart
effects like elevated blood pressure, elevated heart rate along with increased risk of heart attack,
aneurysm rapture and stroke.
INTRODUCTION
Methamphetamine is defined as the highly addictive opioid drug which have their effect on
the central nervous system. In this, the methamphetamine is usually white crystalline uniform
form of powder that is highly soluble in water. As per this, the drug has number of reach and
some of the data indicate that the most commonly illicit drug used in New Zealand and the third
most misused drug in the world. In this, there various survey and research show that they have
around 36 million and more people are using the drug methamphetamine on the global level.
Methamphetamine use is currently rising on the global level and as a result it causes some
significant morbidity and mortality drive by the poorly enhance of multiple form of disease
which is related with the cardiovascular disease. In this, they also promote various cardiovascular
disease through the factor of catecholamine toxicity or through direct effect on the cardiac and
vascular tissue. The prevalence indicates that the 35 million and more patient and 180000
methamphetamine user elaborated that the methamphetamine user have the 27 percent enhance
risk of sudden cardiac death which raise by drug used commonly during the globe. In this, the
methamphetamine in the human subject which show the result that have acute rapid increase in
both heart rate and the blood pressure. The methamphetamine exposure usually induced
vasoconstriction of pial arteries and intracerebral arteries and also chronic methamphetamine
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exposure that promote the vasoconstriction and persistent hypo perfusion which is driven by
neuromuscular and imbalance of circulating vaso-regulatory substance.
RESEARCH AIM
“To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular harm among methamphetamine user their effect
on cardiac heal”
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 To understand the concept of cardiovascular harm among methamphetamine user.
 To analyse the prevalence of cardiovascular harm among who use methamphetamine.
 To evaluate the adverse effect and side effect of consumption of methamphetamine on
cardiovascular system.
 To identify the effect of methamphetamine in cardiac healing.
 To examine the ways/strategies used to minimise effect of cardiovascular harm among
methamphetamine user.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What is the concept of cardiovascular harm among methamphetamine user?
 What are the incidence of cardiovascular harm among who use methamphetamine?
 What are the adverse effect and side effect of consumption of methamphetamine on
cardiovascular system?
 What are the effect of methamphetamine in cardiac healing?
 What are the ways/strategies used to minimise effect of cardiovascular harm among
methamphetamine user?
RATIONALE OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Identification of Relevant Studies – highlight the eligibility criteria and showcase the full
electronic strategy that was used
Selection of relevant and reliable studies
Data extraction from included studies
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Study quality appraisal using Sirriyeh et al, 2012 source
Collating, summarising and reporting the findings
Research tool and techniques
The research should be conducted similar to a literature review however it can include some grey
literature
RESULTS
Identification of potential studies
Characterisitcs of the included studies
Types of Methods & Designs of studies
Quality Appraisal of the Included Studies using the source: Sirriyeh et al, 2012
Collate the sources on common themes and highlight the findings
Summarise the whole data collection
FINDING, DISCUSSION, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of evidence
Limitations
Conclusions
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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