mezzo and macro level social

Running head: SOCIAL WORK
SOCIAL WORK
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1SOCIAL WORK
Using a case example, describe how micro, mezzo and macro level social work
practice are inter-related.
Social work is essentially a profession, which includes helping out the people in need,
providing tangible services to the ones who are in need, and it also includes providing counseling
services to the families, youth, and the children and women. Social work is essentially the
practical aspect and implication of the theoretical perspectives of sociology. The prime aim of
the social workers is to bring about a social change through providing support to the ones in
need. It strives to enhance the functioning of the society and at the same time it aims at changing
the lives of the people (Payne, 2014). However, the social workers not only includes the practical
approaches of sociology, but at the same time, it includes the practical implications of
psychology, political science and other forms of social sciences, as they not only strive to change
the social aspects of the lives of the people but at the same time, the social workers try to provide
the ones in need with legal help and employment help. Thus, the social workers include a holistic
approach towards bringing about changes among the people (Kadushin, & Harkness, 2014). The
basic approach of the social workers is to develop the lives of the people and to make it better.
The social workers usually include a community based approach while involving into
social works. Therefore, in this piece of study the “Preventive Falls Risk Assessment”
community intervention program will be analyzed. It is one of the major community based
intervention program, taken place essentially in Singapore. However, there are a number of
approaches, involved in the social work, and these include the Micro level of social work, Meso
level of social work, and Macro level of social work. In order to understand the approach of the

2SOCIAL WORK
mentioned community based example, it is important to understand the approaches of each of
these levels.
The Micro level of social work refers to the individualists approaches of the social work
programs. Therefore, when the social workers take an individualistic approach, thus focusing
upon the development of each of the individuals, then it is referred to Micro level of social work.
The basic responsibility of the micro social workers is to approach the individuals in a very
individualistic way and the prime concern is to approach them in a sympathetic way. The micro
social workers essentially include the approaches of counselling to deal with the individual sin
need (Wormer, 2017). Also, the social worker so micro level, work with the people with
disability, and work with mental health and physical health care organizations. The micro level
of social works includes working at the ground level, therefore it includes, counselling the
children and the parents of the children who usually belong to financially or economically poor
background (Jordan, Patel, & Rapp, 2013). Therefore, the micro social work requires the social
workers working very creatively.
The mezzo level of social work falls in between the micro and the macro levels of social
work and it basically involves working with individuals, smaller communities and institutions.
The mezzo level of social work usually works with small or medium business houses, schools
and institutions, neighborhoods, and community members like the homosexual communities, sex
working communities, early mother communities and the like. Therefore, while the micro level
of social work focuses more on the individuals and involves a counselling approach, the mezzo
level of social work involves working with communities and business houses, and the
responsibilities does not only include helping theme through counselling processes (Teixeira, &
Krings, 2015). At the same time, it involves providing the clientele with legal and financially

3SOCIAL WORK
advises and helps, and the problems or the issues that they handle are more complex than the
problems that the micro level of social workers deal with.
Lastly, the macro level of social work refers to working with larger communities, or bug
business houses and working at the state level or maybe sometimes working at the national level.
The work that these workers are involved into is more like community interventions and
therefore, it mostly, involves the government of the country or the state. It refers to helping the
clients by involving intervention of the large system and therefore, the reach of these segment of
social work is more and in depth (Rothman, & Mizrahi, 2014). The macro level of social work
does not only imply social work rather it refers to large scale socio- political, legal and economic
intervention. They have personal funding attributes and include works like intervening the legal
system, petitioning the government and the like.
However, considering the case example, it can be stated that this particular community
intervention program was held at a national level. The community program was initially held at a
national level considering the children of the country, Singapore, however, with the success of
the program in the home country it got spread across the world and then it got a large scale
representation. It essentially involved the macro level sociological model and got multifaceted
community capacity building program including the health perspective as well as including the
aspects of physical activity (Moodie et al., 2013). The program had a strategic approach and
upon the success of its primary intervention, the community program was recognized by the
World Health Organization and got promoted largely at the world level. In Singapore the
program was include at four primary schools, and it was basically an extension of the health
intervention that had taken place in Australia and America. More importantly the program
included support of the Singaporean government as they tried to incorporate training programs,

4SOCIAL WORK
and technical supports. The prime objective of the intervention program was to include the
training, coordination, allocation of the resources and the training, partnerships and governance
of the entire program as the endeavor was to create a report and therefore, show it to the
government to include physical activities and nutritional helps and guidance for the children
(Lawless et al., 2018). Thus, the intervention aimed at battling the falls notions that are believed
and practiced by the people of the country. Therefore, comparing with the definitions of the
micro, mezzo and macro level of social work it can be easily perceived that the program was
intended to include a large scale sociological approach.
Plan a community-based intervention program for the issue that you have
examined.
The “Preventive Falls Risk Assessment” program was essentially a community
intervention program which aimed at mitigating the issue of child obesity which is a still a global
concern of the health professionals. The intervention included two basic approaches. First is to
understand the changing nature of obesity. Secondly, the objective of the program was to find
out the relationship between nature of obesity and the contribution of schools and the family of
the children, for which the program essentially included the approaches of the standard child
body mass index (Ang. Wilson & O’Brien, 2018). Lastly, to understand the success or the reach
and the contributions of this intervention program, and thus promoting the prevention of falls
assessment among the people of the country. Since we have included the primary case scenario
of the intervention program, therefore, at the primary level one of the prime objectives of the
intervention program was to understand the impact of the Preventive Falls Risk Assessment
(Johnson et al., 2012). The case example included a multi- strategy approach and a multi setting

5SOCIAL WORK
approach, however, from the case example it was observed that there had been a number of lacks
or drawbacks of the program.
The child level or the family level data that had been included in the program were not
properly analyzed and there had been a biasness involved regarding the inclusion of the data of
the children. The factors of family had not been properly accounted and therefore, the results that
had been developed can be said to have remained improper and incomplete (Chandran et al.,
2013). More importantly, they did not included the physical activities, the mental activities and
the eating habits of the children on the weekends (Ang. Wilson & O’Brien, 2018). Therefore, the
study or the intervention program was not holistic in its approach. Therefore, the aim of the
following program is to develop a holistic attitude or to suggest a holistic model and therefore
analyze the impact of the same. The research that had been conducted included a gap in the
research process, and therefore, a logic model has been proposed in the following considering a
need analysis of the study. Further a budget of the entire program has also been proposed which
is likely to be. Lastly, an analysis or an evaluation of the study has been proposed in the end.
Needs Analysis:
However in order to develop the logic model of the program it is important to understand
the need of the program, that is, why the Preventive Falls Risk Assessment program was
important and why it had become one of the most successful intervention programs. According
to the researchers and the community program holders, the obesity is a very complex concept,
therefore to approach and mitigate such an illness will need more in depth understanding of the
concept. More importantly, according to the researchers and the health professionals the concept
of childhood obesity is more complex than the obesity among the adults (Chong et al., 2016).
Therefore, the health professionals were of the opinion that preventing childhood obesity will

6SOCIAL WORK
require addressing multiple factors across multiple social settings. Not only the health
professionals or the nutritionists had taken part in the intervention program, but the researchers
from other fields were also involved in this intervention program. This particular community
intervention program had also included an ecological approach, which recognized a number of
ecological factors to be involved into this program and all these factors are usually found in a
hierarchical order, in influencing the health sand the development index (Zia, Kamaruzzaman, &
Tan, 2015). The ecological factors had also included the false notions that people contained,
especially regarding the food habits. The researchers had found that the people lacked the
understanding and information regarding obesity completely.
The researchers and the intervention planners had opined that the development of
childhood obesity is essentially influenced by the individual factors, but according to the
ecological theorists, it is the environment or the setting that influences the individual activities
and behaviors (Zia, Kamaruzzaman, & Tan, 2015). Also, it was found that at the individual level,
the concept of childhood obesity was associated with the eating behaviors as well as with the
physical activities that the children involve into all through the day.
More importantly, the statistical analysis of childhood obesity within the country had
been a great influence on the development of the program. The children between 4 and 17 are
extremely prone to the factors obesity. It is a very concerning age as according to the health
professionals and the ruse of the physic al and psychological disorders due to obesity, is
becoming increasingly common among the children of the country, and both the short term and
the long term factors are found among the people of the country (Rashid et al., 2013). According
to the researchers, almost 22% of the children of the country are suffering from obesity. Every
one in four children are obese, and as the researchers, the children of 10 to 13 years are most

7SOCIAL WORK
likely to be obese (Zia, Kamaruzzaman, & Tan, 2015). Therefore, most of the children of the
country, suffering from obesity belong to this particular age category. The researchers have also
shown that with time, more and more people and children are found to be suffering from this
disease. Further, the researchers have pointed out that the most of the diseases or illness that the
children, as well as, the adults are suffering from, are essentially a resultant of obesity. This data,
had further highlighted continuous rise on two other aspects. First, a good number of death and
disability within the country, have essentially stemmed from obesity (Quek et al., 2013).
However, thus number is still undeveloped. Secondly, there is a continuous rise in the numbers
of weight loss surgeries. More than 28, 000 people of the country undergo the process of weight
loss surgery, and this numbers of surgeries are continuously on the rise (Newton, S., Braithwaite,
D., & Akinyemiju, 2017).
Therefore, considering all these aspects and the statistics of the expansion and depth of
obesity across the country, it can be said that the Preventive Falls Risk Assessment program was
needful, and therefore, it has gained such wide expansion and success. However, as had been
mentioned before, there were some drawbacks in the program, therefore, the following
intervention program has been suggested with the development of the Logic Model.
Logic Model of the Program:
INPUTS OUTPTS OUTCOMES
What to Do Where to Reach
Time, Observation of
the children,
Children
suffering from
Short Medium Long
An awareness Changes in Changes

8SOCIAL WORK
Money,
Partners,
Equipment
Conducting
workshops to
generate
awareness
regarding
obesity,
Developing
strategies,
Involving the
children in
workshops,
obesity,
Teachers,
Family
members,
Health
professionals,
Health
counselors,
Government of
the country.
regarding
obesity,
Changes in
the attitudes
of the teachers
and the
parents,
children being
involved into
physical
activities,
Understanding
the impact of
the obesity.
Gaining
knowledge
related to the
short term and
long term
impacts of
obesity.
the daily
routines of
the children,
Changes in
the
curriculum
of the
educational
institution,
Changes in
the attitude
of the
parents and
allowing the
children to
be involved
more into
physical
activities,,
Changes in
the behavior
and the
in the
infrastruc
ture,
Inclusion
of new
rules and
laws
regarding
the health
of the
individua
ls, from
the
governm
ent.
Changes
in the
social
condition
ings,
Changes
in the

9SOCIAL WORK
attitude of
the children,
Changes in
the meal
planning for
the children,
both in
institutions
and in the
home
grounds.
political
condition
ings,
Changes
in the
approach
of the
governm
ent.
Inclusion
of health
reacted
policies
and
impleme
ntation
and
practice
of the
same at
the
institutio

10SOCIAL WORK
nal level.
Projected Budget:
For any intervention program it is important to develop a budget program. Since, this
activity is conducted at the national level therefore, the budget for the intervention program is
likely to be quite high. For the budget of the intervention program, all the basic aspects have
been included. Therefore, the following chart will help in having a brief idea of the amount that
can be needed for conducting the intervention programs. Now, it is important to understand that
the projected budget has considered only one educational institution, and there had been six
educational institutions, all across the country, where the intervention program had been held.
Therefore, a simple multiplication will provide a brief idea of the expense for six of the
institutions.
Activity Budget
Workshop at the Schools A$ 15,000
Physical Activity programs A$ 8,000
Student Counselors A$ 800 each
Counselors for the Parents A$ 800 each
Counselors for the Teachers A$ 900 each
Commutation Charges A$ 1,000 each
Equipment A$ 20, 000

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Health Professionals A$ 3,000 each
Others A$ 9,000
Program Evaluation:
The primary aim of this particular program is to provide more focus upon the perceptions
and the approaches of the families or the parents of the children, and the activities that the
children are usually involved into during their weekends. Therefore, the focus of this alternative
program is on, the activities of children during the weekends. Along with this, the intervention
program will also focus on the prevention of the spread of false notions related to health and
obesity. Now, there had been a number of factors that have been perceived, and it is seen that
there had been a great disparity in the behavior of the children during the weekends. While, a
band of children were involved into serious physical activities like certain sports sessions, the
other children mostly spent their weekends enjoying with their families and going out for lunch
or dinner with their parents. It is mostly because the parents get a very small amount of time for
their children during the entire week. Therefore, the children suffering from and diagnosed with
obesity, are likely to spend their weekends, by going out for meals or movies with their parents.
Also, some of the children spent most of their times at their homes due to the purposes of studies.
They would have a great number of private tuitions or some other extra courses during the
weekends (Soh et al., 2014). Also, it is observed that some of the children would go out for
picnics with their families, or would have spent the entire weekend by involving themselves with
computer games or visual media. Therefore, the basic aspects is a very few numbers of children

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were involved in physical activities during the weekends. Therefore, the members of the
intervention members tried to get the students included in certain physical activities at school.
Therefore, the students had to come to school for certain workshops, they had also prepared
certain gaming sessions at the school during the weekends. Initially there were less number of
participants, as the parents of the children did not want to send their children to the workshop
programs (Shyamala et al., 2015). In this scenario the counselors played a great role, and
gradually there had been an increase in the number of participants in the intervention program.
The intervention not only included physical activities, but at the same time, it included potlucks
among the children and also it used the screen based media as recreational programs. The
program also arranged for tuition sessions for the children.
The result of the intervention program had shown effective changes among the students.
There was a change of almost 0.02 in the BMI for the first institution, which was a huge change,
if considered at a micro level. According to the members the counseling program had a huge
impact in the whole program and the there was an important shift among the population. The
orientation of the parents were also changed as a result of the intervention program (Pwint et al.,
2013). A good number of the population shifted towards the healthier activities and approach.
One of the most important finding form the intervention program was that a number of
sociological factors had been contributing towards the obesity epidemic. The commercial
products, the visual media, the food habits of the country as well as the occupation of the parents
are certain contributing factors in the increase of obesity across the country. More importantly,
the computer had also been a huge factor, contributing in the obesity epidemic. Lastly, the
approaches of the parents towards their children also had grate contribution in the obesity
epidemic and at the same time, it is found that the people did not have any understanding due to

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the ecological and the psychological and sociological factors affecting and contributing to the
obesity epidemic (Chen, Tan & Chan, 2018).
However, since the special focus of the intervention program was upon the home grounds
and the activities of the children during the weekends, therefore, it is found that the role of
parents are very important in the obesity epidemic. The study or the research has shown that at
the end of the research the parents and the teachers had gained a proper ad a complete
understanding of the ecological and sociological factors of obesity, which had helped in battling
the false notions that were believed and therefore practiced by the people of the country.

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