MGT723 Research Project - Assignment

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MGT723 Research Project Supplementary
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Research project supplementary
Introduction
In this research project we shall look at the impacts of organizations as a source of carbon
emissions and climate change. It has been argued before that the world right now is at a tipping
point in relation to climate change which is brought about by organizations’ being the primary
source of carbon emissions in the environment. Organizations all over the world are therefore
faced with the obligation of making necessary changes in regards to the reduction of carbon
emission and hence impact positively to climate change and the environment. However,

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extensive research have been made and it has been found out that climate change is unequivocal
and mainly human activities in collaboration with organizations activities have contributed to
carbon dioxide emissions and this has greatly impacted the climate negatively. The IPCC
computer models are indicating that the climate changes will still continue due to the greenhouse
gas emissions in the 21st century and mostly these emissions are brought about by organizations
around the world dealing with production and manufacturing of different products (Daniels
2011). Projections have been made and it is observed that the continuation of rise in rates of
carbon emissions will result to a global temperature of about 2.6-4.8 degrees Celsius by the end
of this century. Reduction of these gas emissions requires sustainable means of stopping the
greenhouse gas emissions into our environment from organizations and human activities.
Literature Review
This study is meant to aid in knowing whether climate change brings significant risks for
organizations and is organizations the principal source of carbon emissions into the environment
causing negative impact to the climate change. Organizations are the principal source of carbon
emissions into the environment due to the activities carried out in manufacturing and production
of different organization products. Energy demand is increasing globally every other day and this
cause greenhouse gas emission from the energy sectors to increase as well. The increase in
demand is brought about by increase economic growth as well as increase in population.
Organizations have been working on a long-term activity of gradual decarbonisation of energy
but this has failed because of increase in coal burning (Propwise 2014). However, there are
adaptive options that are available to be used as preventive measure of greenhouse gas
emissions. These measures are such as ensuring there is cutting emissions from fossil fuel
extraction and conversion. There is also the option of organizations ensuring that they switch to

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other lower carbon fuels like doing away with coal burning to introduction of gas. Organizations
can also improve the energy efficiency in regards to transmission and energy distribution.
Another adaptation option is organizations ensuring there is increase in usage of renewable and
nuclear generation and also the introduction of carbon capture storage so that it does not escape
into the atmosphere and cause harm. The energy sector should ensure that they supply enough
energy and reduce the demand for the energy so that they can stop stretching their production to
meet high demands.
The energy sector all over the world should come together and establish a strong global
political action in regards to climate change and reduction of emissions. They should set a
standard emission level of say 2 degrees Celsius temperature target. This targets will aid in
ensuring all energy industries in the world is set to achieve the standard targets and this will
result in a solution to complete decarbonisation. The government and carbon emissions
regulators should come up with incentive measures for those that are investing in low carbon
technologies. This will encourage and motivate the energy sector to come up with low carbon
technologies that will help in prevention and final stoppage of carbon emissions. Reduced
greenhouse gas emissions are important as it brings about benefits such as improved health as
well as creation of employment opportunities. Strong mitigation policies should be put in place
and failure to do so will result in the energy demand becoming higher and higher due to the
economic growth and rise in population (Verzuh 2016). Climate change will also greatly impact
the infrastructure and the means used to produce and transport energy. Climate change will cause
extreme weather pattern changes that will then affect the offshore and onshore facilities. These
facilities will not be able to function properly and this will result in the oil and gas industries to
suffer badly in terms of production shutdowns. Climate change will also affect different

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geographical areas such as the coastal area as there will be a rise in sea levels. This will
negatively affect the power plants in such areas and also other energy transport infrastructures
such as the oil and gas pipelines. Rise in temperatures will affect electricity production and
generation globally. Climate change will also affect crops and other factors.
Hypotheses
The hypothesis for this study is the impacts of organizations as a source of carbon
emissions and climate change. Does climate change brings significant risks for organizations and
is organizations the principal source of carbon emissions into the environment causing negative
impact to the climate change? In this study, according to the CDP data, we shall see how
organizations are the principal source of carbon emissions into the environment due to the
activities carried out in manufacturing and production of different organization products. There
has been an increase in coal burning and this emits dangerous gases into the atmosphere and thus
causing major climate changes. Climate change has also brought about significant challenges in
the energy production and transmission. This is because of the change in temperatures and
weather patterns.
Data Collection and Research Method
The data source for this research is use of field work and researchers as well as
information from the internet, books and journals. Field researcher went to different
organizations especially in the energy sector and used the questionnaire to collect information in
the format of question and answer. Pictures and presentations were also used to collect the
necessary information. The data collection methods used is use of questionnaires by the
researchers in the field and use of information gotten from books and journals in the library. The

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internet has also provided useful and expansive information regarding this study. Use of
feedback from the research has greatly been a source of data collection method as the feedback
from questionnaires has provided more information in a clear manner. The operational constructs
and variables investigated are the effects of climate change and how it brings significant risks for
organizations and is organizations the principal source of carbon emissions into the environment
causing negative impact to the climate change. The variables are independent and dependent in
the sense that both effects of climate change and the organization are all controlling one another.
Climate change has brought about significant risks for the organization as an independent factor
and the organization has also been a principal source of carbon emissions in the environment
therefore affecting the climate change negatively. They are both independent variables in the
sense that both climate change and organizations affect the other independently and they are
dependent variables in the sense that both need each other to prevent the effects. The conceptual
model between the independent and dependent variables is that both climate change and
organizations affect one another in causing effects in both economy and climate change.
Descriptive and inferential Data Analysis
Rise in temperature in addition to a rise in world population and economic growth will
result in an increase in demand for energy in the whole world. The rise in income levels in
countries that are poor and in warm climates will demand more air conditioning. Air-
conditioning demand is likely to rise especially in summer or in warm climate places. A
projection has shown that there has been an increase in supply of air-conditioning from 300 TWh
in 2000 to around 4000 TWh come 2050 as reflected in the CDP data. This growth and increase
in demand is mainly due to increase in income level and also due to climate change (Symonn &
Black 2014). Change in weather patterns can present challenges to the solar and wind energies.

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The impact and risk of extreme weather patterns and events could result in decrease in energy
production and power generation. This will therefore impact the economic growth of an area.
Therefore, it is conclusive to say that change in climate has adverse effects on energy and
general organization activities in energy production and generation.
Fig 1. Effects of organizations activities towards climate change advancing since 2000 to
2030 and beyond.
The largest greenhouse gas emitter is the energy sector and measures need to be put in
place such as the 2 degrees Celsius target of gas emission and introduction of non-emissions
technologies such as the BEOCS approach in the CDP data. As organizations continue with their
activities in ways such as energy production and generation, the climate is affected more and
more and increase in carbon emissions is witnessed. This then affects the atmosphere and brings
about undesirable climate changes. All these changes will eventually affect the energy demand
and production. This in turn will have major implications on general global investment patterns
(Rouse 2017). Energy demand is increasing globally every other day and this cause greenhouse
gas emission from the energy sectors to increase as well. The increase in demand is brought
about by increase economic growth as well as increase in population. So as to satisfy the demand
more and more energy is required and organizations are left with no choice but to supply
sufficient energy demand globally

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Hypothesis testing
The hypothesis in this study is to determine the impacts of organizations as a source of
carbon emissions and climate change. Does climate change brings significant risks for
organizations and is organizations the principal source of carbon emissions into the environment
causing negative impact to the climate change? In this study we shall see how organizations are
the principal source of carbon emissions into the environment due to the activities carried out in
manufacturing and production of different organization products. The increase in demand is
brought about by increase economic growth as well as increase in population. So as to satisfy the
demand more and more energy is required and organizations are left with no choice but to supply
sufficient energy demand globally (Walker & Lloyd 2017). There has been an increase in coal
burning and this emits dangerous gases into the atmosphere and thus causing major climate
changes. The inferential data analysis has shown that rise in temperature in addition to a rise in
world population and economic growth will result in an increase in demand for energy in the
whole world. That indeed change in climate will ultimately affect and bring challenges to the
energy sector globally. Change in weather patterns can present challenges to the solar and wind
energies. The impact and risk of extreme weather patterns and events could result in decrease in
energy production and power generation. This will therefore impact the economic growth of an
area. However, various technologies have come up that cause some improvements especially in
the thermal power plants and this has resulted to gains that have compensated the losses incurred
before due to high ambient temperatures. Other improvements that will help climate change from

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taking place are introduction of some technical and engineering solutions to adjust to extreme
weather conditions. Other mitigation options include; cutting down of emissions from fossil fuel
during its extraction and conversion process, energy companies to switch energy production to
lower-carbon fuels for example from coal use to gas use. Encouraging use of renewable energy
technologies is also a useful mitigation option in curbing negative climate change brought about
by emissions (Basset 2015).
Discussion
The implications of the results of this study for practice will entail organizations all over
the world to be faced with the obligation of making necessary changes in regards to the reduction
of carbon emission and hence impact positively to climate change and the environment. It is the
obligation of the organizations mainly the energy sector to implement various technologies that
have come up that cause some improvements especially in the thermal power plants. These
technologies have resulted in gains that have compensated the losses incurred before due to high
ambient temperatures. Other improvements that the energy sector should consider so as to aid in
climate change from taking place are introduction of some technical and engineering solutions to
adjust to extreme weather conditions. Coal mining organizations are keen on improving
drainage, coal storage and changes in coal handling in regards to the moisture content of coal.
Pipeline operators have also come up with construction standards that are less risky for new
pipelines. Other mitigation options include; cutting down of emissions from fossil fuel during its
extraction and conversion process, energy companies to switch energy production to lower-
carbon fuels for example from coal use to gas use (Wolff 2016). Encouraging use of renewable
energy technologies is also a useful mitigation option in curbing negative climate change brought
about by emissions. Other options are such as increasing the use of nuclear energy and also

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ensuring there is reduced final energy demand. The implications of the results for theory will be
gain in information regarding roles of both the organizations and the climate change in energy
production and power generation which is an important factor in the world. One will be able to
learn how energy demand is increasing globally every other day and this cause greenhouse gas
emission from the energy sectors to increase as well. The increase in demand is brought about by
increase economic growth as well as increase in population. So as to satisfy the demand more
and more energy is required and organizations are left with no choice but to supply sufficient
energy demand globally. However, sustainable mitigation options have come up and the energy
sector is keen on ensuring that the climate is not affected and preventing measures regarding
carbon emissions is reduced substantially (Statham 2014).
Conclusion
Climate change will continue to affect the energy sector theoretically and practically for
as long as the energy sector is not ready to set up mitigation options that are sustainable.
Organizations all over the world are therefore faced with the obligation of making necessary
changes in regards to the reduction of carbon emission and hence impact positively to climate
change and the environment. However, extensive research have been made and it has been found
out that climate change is unequivocal and mainly human activities in collaboration with
organizations activities have contributed to carbon dioxide emissions and this has greatly
impacted the climate negatively. The limitation of this study is the fact that climate change is
unequivocal and carbon emissions only cannot be the only cause of this drastic and unpredictable
climate changes. However, these gas emissions from organizations have proven to be major
parties in creating climate changes. There are adaptive options that are available to be used as
preventive measure of greenhouse gas emissions. These measures are such as ensuring there is

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cutting emissions from fossil fuel extraction and conversion. There is also the option of
organizations ensuring that they switch to other lower carbon fuels like doing away with coal
burning to introduction of gas. Organizations can also improve the energy efficiency in regards
to transmission and energy distribution. Another adaptation option is organizations ensuring
there is increase in usage of renewable and nuclear generation and also the introduction of
carbon capture storage so that it does not escape into the atmosphere and cause harm.
References:
Basset, LI, (2015), Low-carbon technologies and incentivizing investments. Cambridge. Oxford
University Press.
Basset, LI, (2015), Low-carbon technologies and incentivizing investments. Cambridge. Oxford
University Press.
Daniels, MK (2011), ‘The future of carbon emission and climate change: data, trends, and
implications’, Journal of global warming, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 33-37.
Daniels, MK (2011), ‘The future of carbon emission and climate change: data, trends, and
implications’, Journal of global warming, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 33-37.
Kang, D. (2017). Exploring impact of climate change - 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017,
http://www.cisl.cam.ac.uk/ipcc
Kang, D. (2017). Exploring impact of climate change - 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
http://www.cisl.cam.ac.uk/ipcc
Locke, JL 2011, Mitigation measures taken to reduce GHG emissions globally, London.
Oxford University Press
Propwise. (2014). Impact of global warming to the energy sector industry. Retrieved 24
September 2017.http://www.worldenergy.org

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Propwise. (2014). Impact of global warming to the energy sector industry. Retrieved 24
September 2017.http://www.worldenergy.org
Rouse, M. (2017). What is carbon emission and its implications to climate change? - Definition
from WhatIs.com. SearchCIO. Retrieved 24 September 2017, from
http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/carbon emission and climate change.
Rouse, M. (2017). What is carbon emission and its implications to climate change? - Definition
from WhatIs.com. SearchCIO. Retrieved 24 September 2017, from
http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/carbon emission and climate change.
Statham, B. (2014). World energy council and climate updates. Implications for the energy
sector. Cambridge. Oxford University Press.
Statham, B. (2014). World energy council and climate updates. Implications for the energy
sector. Cambridge. Oxford University Press.
Symonn, C. and Black, R. (2014). Increase in global energy demands. A look at causes of
greenhouse gas emissions. Harvard.
Symonn, C. and Black, R. (2014). Increase in global energy demands. A look at causes of
greenhouse gas emissions. Harvard.
Verzuh, E (2016), The energy sector and climate change implications, 5th edn, John Wiley &
Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Verzuh, E (2016), The energy sector and climate change implications, 5th edn, John Wiley &
Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Walker, D. and Lloyd, B. (2017). Effects of greenhouse gas emissions to the
environment.pmi.org. Retrieved 24 September 2017. http://www.GHGemissions.pdf
Walker, D. and Lloyd, B. (2017). Effects of greenhouse gas emissions to the
environment.pmi.org. Retrieved 24 September 2017. http://www.GHGemissions.pdf
Wolff, M. (2015). Adapting energy policies and co-benefits and risks. Arizona.
Wolff, M. (2015). Adapting energy policies and co-benefits and risks. Arizona.

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