Microbiology Disease Article 2022

The references are not included in the word count! Discussion. question: Distinguish among sporadic, endemic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases. include 2 references (in APA format). Your post should be at least 280 words. The references are not included in the word count! please pick one reference from this textbook( Burton microbiology. for the health sciences ninth edition)

Running head: MICROBIOLOGY 1
Microbiology
Name
Institution

MICROBIOLOGY 2
Microbiology
Sporadic Diseases
These are diseases that occur occasionally in an irregular manner without a geographic
concentration. Some examples of these diseases include plague, rabies, and tetanus
among others (Pommerville, 2013). To prove how the occurrence of these diseases is
rare, we take an example of the bacterium that causes tetanus. This bacterium is
present in the soil environment in the USA but incidences of infection are rare since
most of the USA residents are vaccinated.
Endemic Diseases
These are diseases that are popular and are always found in a particular region or
occurring within a certain population (Engelkirk, Duben-Engelkirk & Burton, 2011).
Example of endemic diseases are hepatitis B malaria which is always occurring in large
parts of Africa. According to the CDC, half of the global population lives in areas where
they are at risk of getting malaria. It is important to note that these diseases are not
always present at high levels but they can always be found in a population that lives in a
particular region.
Epidemic Diseases
An epidemic may be described as an outbreak of a disease. Epidemic diseases are
those that break out and spread through different populations unlike endemic that
constantly affects a specific geographic region (Pommerville, 2013). The outbreak
occurs over a large geographic area and affects relatively large populations. One of the

MICROBIOLOGY 3
most recent epidemics in the history of the USA is whooping cough that affected over
10,000 infants.
Pandemic Diseases
A pandemic can be described as an infectious disease that spreads over very large
geographical areas like countries or continents affecting a very huge number of people.
They occur in epidemic proportions across different continent worldwide at about the
same time (Engelkirk et al., 2011). It is important to note that the severity of a disease
does not justify whether it is a pandemic; the geographic spread does. One of the most
recent pandemics is Coronavirus.

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References
Engelkirk, P. G., Duben-Engelkirk, J. L., & Burton, G. R. W. (2011). Burton's
microbiology for the health sciences. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Pommerville, J. C. (2013). Fundamentals of microbiology. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.