Mindfulness Training as a Professional Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical Review

This article reviews the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in treating fibromyalgia and other psychological disorders. It also discusses the development of interventions based on mindfulness and the use of mindfulness in organizational transformation. The study uses the FFMQ questionnaire to measure mindfulness in immigrant patients with fibromyalgia.

Mindfulness training as a professional intervention: A conceptual and empirical review
(Author’s name)
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Table of Contents
Abstract 1
2 3
Interventions basses on mindfulness 4
Mindfulness and fibromyalgia
Method
Selection
Measures
Procedure
Data analysis
Discussion 5
References and bibliography 6
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Abstract
Mindfulness is a modus widely operational in the European ethnicities. Mindfulness is a form
of anxiety that is distinguished by eagerness, acknowledgment and transparency corrective
interventions that are focused on the development and the subsequent use of mindfulness skills,
for example, the medical program examining stress reduction that is mindfulness configured are
now used in therapeutic and mental health facilities and can assist traumatized persons like
immigrants, patients, rape victims and other mentally tortured people to adapt to their persistent
pain more adequately. Fibromyalgia serves as one condition that is fortunately handled with
mindfulness-based interventions. In evaluating the effectiveness of training activities on
mindfulness in improving the case of fibromyalgia immigrants who experience weakness, fatigue
and sleep disturbances or not it is essential to have a questionnaire that is functional and can
track mindfulness.
An ideal questionnaire is the FFMQ. This investigation is administered based on the need to
assess a test and retesting the reliability of the immigrants in an analytical population in a two
week period. 20 immigrant patients filled the FFMQ following the conducting of a pilot study
that acted as a guide and modifying the questionnaire then proceeded to complete the test-retest
procedure as outlined in the FFMQ research. The FFMQ proved to be a functional and reliable
means towards the measuring the rate of mindfulness in a clinical setup as the results tallied with
ideal professional results from the similar patients.
Interventions based on mindfulness
The pioneering study of Jon Kabat-Zinn enabled development of interventions based on
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mindfulness. Jon established the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) serving as a
program aimed at helping Patients with chronic illnesses in increasing the coping ability (Kabat-
Zinn,1982, 1990; Kabat-Zinn, Lipworth & Burney, 1985). Kabat-Zinn’s program is 2-5 hour
session lasting for at least eight hours week for the patients. The introductory course for the
participants entails the systematic act of mindfulness ranging from body scanning, sitting
meditation and yoga in the mindful state being the fundamental techniques that build the
rudiments of Jon’s program.
The program aims to make the participants acquire more knowledge learn to be more
understanding and less vulnerable to the challenging, confusing, traumatizing and stressing
situations.
The program has been successfully used on other patients and has since received excellent
reviews from those that it has assisted.
The individuals participating in the MBSR program are linked to the increased ability to cope
with stressful issues and enhancement in quality of life and dealing with anxiety. The issues were
observed in a full sweep of both clinical and nonclinical populations of patients that suffer from
depression pain as in the case of cancer.
Based on the victory above on therapeutic programs mindfulness skills have been integrated into
several therapeutic interventions that are now used in diverse health practice settings. The
beneficiary programs of the development include mindfulness-
Based cognitive therapy, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT); Linehan, 1993a), and an
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999).
In addition to the above results to psychological problems that remain under investigation using
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the treatments based on mindfulness also stretch to anxiety, depression, panic other personality
disorders.
Mindfulness and fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia treatment in most cases turns out to be a disappointment. In cases like training of
cardiovascular fitness, hypnotherapy and central nervous system treatments result in little or no
improvements in most cases (Grossman et al..2017) . in contrast Psychological interventions
seem to be more promising.
The above view towards the treatment of fibromyalgia remains effective. The disadvantage of
the research is that it is outdated and performed in an unmanageable environment, but more
recent and controlled studies offer similar results.
Symptoms of fibromyalgia serve as sole participant such as being weak, fatigue changed
significantly following the treatment programin comparison to the group after treatment as did
functional and psychological status. (Bakhshani et al…2016)
Method
Participants selection of immigrant patients was based on meeting the criterion on the age where
only those over 18 and older and also expressing diagnosis of fibromyalgia were allowed to
undertake the exercise. All patients that filled the provided questionnaire were included in the
study.
Selection
The selection process for participants for the research was in two ways. Firstly, those immigrants
that showed signs of suffering from fibromyalgia were recruited after being informed of the
details and goals study.The other way was through passing the questionnaire randomly to all
immigrants wishing to take on the study.
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Measures
Mindfulness test was determined using the FFMQ technique tested thoroughly and approved for
research work. The FFMQ instrument puts the five facets required; observe, describing, acting
with awareness, describing, inner experience non-judging and understanding to emotional
experience. The results were then ranked on a scale ranging from 1-5 (Mist and Jones, 2015).
Procedure
Immigrant fibromyalgia patients that participated in the questionnaire were not individually
recruited since they voluntarily requested for the questionnaire sheets and go through the
introduction to this study. In any case they desire to take part, they could go through the link to
the questionnaire that was available below the information. First, the patients under survey had to
answer questions about socio-demographic data and their disease accompanied by the procedural
items listed on the FFMQ.
Data analysis
For best data examination, a reliability analysis was made on each of the five facets as a measure
of internal consistency to get the total FFMQ. To get information on the differences in gender,
situations at work, type of education and family status, the relevant feeling among the patients
with meditation between the patients that took part in the retest and the patients that did not take
part in the retest. Another useful test, the Mann-Whitney test was employed to determine
whether a difference existed between the patients recorded in the retest and those that underwent
disease duration, pain score, and age.
Discussion
The discussion in this paper was carried out to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the
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FFMQ for the immigrant clinical population in two weeks span. results obtained tally with the
ideal researches conducted before this study indicating that the internal consistency of the facets
is hence right for both the clinical population as well as for a nonclinical population
Professional researchers have trust in mindfulness as aa individual transformation quality as well
as a powerful technique for organizational transformation Hyland, Lee and Millis (2015).
Mindfulness can be employed in changing both personal and workplace issues. Existence of
mindful organisational cultures ranging from writing personal and job e-mails, addressing a
high-profile executives meeting, applying mindfulness in the middle of a heated argument,
manage difficult colleagues with mindfulness, identifying new ventures for business , mindful
behaviors such as yoga, meditation conducting conscious development programs , employees
mentoring towards the habit of mindfulness, and apportioning space to exercise mindfulness
remain the common strategies that organizations can implement to achieve the several benefits
that tag along with mindfulness.
References
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Dorado, K., Lazaridou, A., Buliteanu, A., Galenkamp, L., Schreiber, K. and Edwards, R., 2018.
The relationship between mindfulness, catastrophizing, and chronic pain in fibromyalgia
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Grossman, P., Deuring, G., Walach, H., Schwarzer, B. and Schmidt, S., 2017. Mindfulness-
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Veehof, M.M., Trompetter, H.R., Bohlmeijer, E.T. and Schreurs, K.M.G., 2016. Acceptance-and
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