Minorities of the World: Problems Faced by Religious and Ethnic Minorities in France

Running Head: MINORITIES OF THE WORLD
Minorities of the World
Name of Student
Name of University
Author Note

MINORITIES OF THE WORLD1
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................4
1.0 Overview...........................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................4
1.2 Project Aim............................................................................................................................6
1.3 Research Objective................................................................................................................6
1.4 Research Question.................................................................................................................6
1.5 Project Rationale....................................................................................................................7
1.6 Structure of the Research.......................................................................................................7
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................8
2.0 Overview...........................................................................................................................8
Theme 1: Islam and the North African Second Generation in France....................................9
Theme 2: Discrimination of Education in terms of Religion in France................................10
Theme 3: Condition of the Muslims Living in France..........................................................13
Chapter 3: Proposed Research Methodology................................................................................14
3.0 Research Overview.........................................................................................................14
3.1 Outline of the Research.......................................................................................................15
3.2 Research Philosophy............................................................................................................15
3.2.1 Rationalizing the application of positivism philosophy...............................................16
3.3 Research Approach..............................................................................................................16

MINORITIES OF THE WORLD2
3.3.1 Rationalizing the application of deductive approach....................................................17
3.4 Research Design..................................................................................................................18
3.4.1 Rationalizing the application of descriptive design......................................................18
3.5 Data collection technique....................................................................................................19
3.5.1 Rationalizing the application of primary data collection technique.............................20
3.6 Data analysis technique.......................................................................................................20
3.6.1 Rationalizing the Application of Qualitative Data Analysis Technique......................21
3.7 Reliability and Validity of Data...........................................................................................22
3.8 Ethical Considerations.........................................................................................................22
3.9 Limitations of the Research.................................................................................................23
 Budget Deficit.............................................................................................................23
 Time Constraint...........................................................................................................23
4.0 Research Timeline...........................................................................................................23
GANTT chart.............................................................................................................................23
4.1Research Budget...................................................................................................................24
Budget Chart..............................................................................................................................24
Chapter 4: Anticipated Findings....................................................................................................25
References......................................................................................................................................25

MINORITIES OF THE WORLD3

MINORITIES OF THE WORLD4
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.0 Overview
A minority group is collection of individual who do not enjoy the same amount of power as
compared to the dominant groups of the society (Horowitz 5-20). The membership to a minority
group is usually dependent on factors such as ethnicity, religion, race, sexual orientation and
physical disability (Mereish, Ethan H., and Bradford 179-188). By the help of the idea of
intersectionality, it is important to note that a single individual does not belong to a single group.
He/she has multiple affiliations and this means that a single person might be part of multiple
minority groups (Bjørknes, Ragnhild, and Manger 51-63). Minority groups basically do not
enjoy certain rights when it comes to all the facilities and resources. The various civil rights
activists have protested and fought for the rights of the minority group as the members of these
minority groups receive different treatment from the members of the dominant group (Sampson
1-31). These minority groups across the world gets differential treatments in the societies that
they live in. they face discrimination in the area of housing, education, employment and
healthcare (May 1334-1352). These discriminations are sometimes structural and they
government often fails to implement any laws that will safeguard the rights of these minority
groups. In this context the condition of the religious and ethnic minorities in the country of
France will be examined in this report. The Muslims face many discrimination towards them that
are except religions. It is in the little things that matter and causes the discrimination. In the area
of jobs, the Muslim people do not get much opportunities as they are supposed to. Of course the
priority is given to be the French population but that does not mean they will be devoid of the

MINORITIES OF THE WORLD5
opportunities that they are supposed to get. The number of opportunities available for them is
very less.
1.1 Background
The country of France has the highest number of Muslims among the other countries of
the western world. The numbers of the Muslim people in France increased because of the
emigration from France’s previous North African colonies (Adida, Claire L., Laitin, and Valfort
1039-1086). These colonies go to the beginning of the last century. As mentioned earlier the
minority problem has existed in the society for a very long time, similarly in the context of
France, the country is facing a lot of problems because of the increase in number of the minority
group. An approximate estimate could be made that in France there are almost 4.5-6 million
Muslims that are currently in the country (Statham 217-236). This constitutes one-eighth of the
overall population of France between the ages of 18 and 50 years (Fellag 1). The Muslims are
usually divided into two sects, Shia and Sunni. In France, the majority of the population is
France belong to the Sunni faith. Although Muslims constitute a small minority in the continent
of Europe, they make up almost 5% of the population of Europe. France along with Sweden has
the highest number of Muslim population in the world (Andre, Virginie, Mansouri, and Lobo
296-313). These increasing numbers have caused a lot of political and social upheaval in Europe.
In the recent years a lot of immigrants have taken refuge in Europe and maximum of these
people are Muslims and whenever there is any kind of disturbance such as an attack or a
disturbance, the dominant groups tend to blame these Muslim people for everything that happens
to them (Ajala 123-133). In the year 2018, a terrorist attack took place in the southern part of
France. The President of France Emmanuel Macron blamed the “underground Islamism” to have
been behind the attacks that occurred. The president has often talked about restructuring the

MINORITIES OF THE WORLD6
Islam community in France and this used a number of problems among the Muslim community
of France (Maxwell, Rahsaan, and Bleich 155-179). With these problems and the attitude of the
dominant groups in France the religious minority of France which are mostly Muslim, the
current state of these minorities is in a state of flux.
1.2 Project Aim
The aim of this research is to study the problems of religious and ethnic minority that
exists in the French society and the various problems that the religious and ethnic groups face in
the country.
1.3 Research Objective
The objectives of this research are:
1. To understand the reasons behind the increase in the numbers of minorities in France.
2. To analyze the problems that minorities face around the world.
3. To understand the problems that the minorities in France face on a daily basis.
4. To analyze the laws that protect the minorities in France
5. To suggest few ways that might help solve the problems that the minorities face on a
daily basis in the country of France.
1.4 Research Question
The questions that this research will try to answer are:
1. What are the reasons behind the increase in the number of minorities in France?
2. What are the problems that the minorities face around the world?
3. What the problems that the minorities face on a daily basis in France?
4. What are the laws that protect the minorities in France?

MINORITIES OF THE WORLD7
5. What are the ways in which the problems that the minorities face around the world can be
reduced?
1.5 Project Rationale
The minority groups in all the European countries have faced a lot of problems,
especially post the attacks of 9/11, there was an attitude of hatred toward the Muslim minority
group (Biggio). The entire world blamed the Muslims for what happened in America and this
negative emotion hampered the lives of the Muslim immigrants all over the world (Połońska-
Kimunguyi, Eva, and Gillespie 568-583). The minorities whether it is the Muslim immigrants in
Europe or some other ethnic minority in the society are not given the equal amount of right, this
has triggered a lot of human rights activist to fight for their problems. These groups are always
treated differently by the governments. The kinds and the nature of their job are very different
from the dominant population. They have structurally oppressed from the beginning of time and
due to this they have not been able to enjoy all the rights that the rest of the society does. The
rationale behind doing this research is that the minorities have faced a lot of problems
historically, no government have been able to correctly tackle the issue of the minority hence the
importance of this research.
1.6 Structure of the Research
The first part of the research will give an overview of the research; the background of the
research will be analyzed. The reason why this particular research should be done and the
problems that pertain to the issue of religious minority in France will be analyzed in this part of
the research. The aim, objectives and the questions of this particular research will be analyzed in
this section of the research