Mississippi River is one of the major riverine systems in the world, but its water has been badly contaminated in recent years. The pollution is caused by industrial and agricultural activities, thermal pollution and agricultural run-off. The contaminated water has endangered human lives and aquatic habitats. Imposing restrictions on these activities and controlling soil erosion could help in controlling the pollution. However, this would lead to loss of employment opportunities, agricultural production and tourism. The benefits include control on thermal pollution, nutrient pollution and protection of human and aquatic life.