Mixed Reality in Automotive Industry: Improving Visualization of Manufactured Products

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This literature review explores the application of mixed reality (MR) in the automotive industry, focusing on its potential to enhance the visualization process of manufactured products. The review examines various MR techniques, including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and analyzes their impact on different stages of the automotive manufacturing process, from design and prototyping to assembly and maintenance. The review also discusses the benefits and challenges associated with implementing MR technologies in the automotive industry, highlighting key performance indicators and the potential impact on various stakeholders, including engineers, designers, and workers. The review concludes by identifying future research directions and opportunities for further development of MR applications in the automotive industry.

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Literature Review (Secondary Research) Template
Student Name & CSU ID

Project Topic Title
Mixed reality in automotive industry for improving visualization process of manufactured products
1

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Version 1.0 _ Week 1 (5 Journal Papers from CSU Library)
1

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Erkoyuncu, J. A., del Amo, I. F., Dalle Mura, M., Roy, R., &Dini, G. (2017). Improving efficiency of industrial

maintenance with context aware adaptive authoring in augmented reality.
Cirp Annals, 66(1), 465-468.
Citation that will be in the content
Erkoyuncu et. al., 2017
URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-

com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/

pii/S0007850617300069

Level of journal-Q1
Maintenance, adaptive authoring, industry, Augmented, Data,
framework.

The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Augmentedrealityauthoring for

maintenance model

Tools:
Data, Android device, camera,
authoring tools

Applied Area:
Maintenance of industrial
Problem:

The major problem is efficiency and

maintenance of industrial equipments.

Goal:

To improve efficiency of industrial operation

and maintenance of equipments using AR.

Context data framework
Information data
Rendering module
Real and tracking object
Application platform module
CAD and 3D model
2
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applications
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
Information modulecreates various data
frameworks.

Information gain in sequence with AR
Generation of unnecessary data
2
After that Database file generates. Independency of files Connection interrupted
3
Then application implement at application
platform.

Generation of AR content
Feedback issues
4
Maintenanceoperation executes. Improve maintenance Equipment error
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
AR content
Input from maintenance expert
Adapting information
User equipments
Automatic authoring
Geographical awareness
Animation process
CAD files
Data framework
Information module
3
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Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
Data, key frames,

content, CAM, CDF,

User login ID and

password

Video, animation,

errors, AR content,

Files, manual report

In this research, author explores a model for

industrial maintenance to improve efficiency with

AR technique. But some problems occur in

information system.

There are limitation with information and

maintenance system platform i.e. large amount of

data and equipments.

(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

The current solution provides improvement in

efficiency to maintain industrial equipments

without non-technical maintainers using AR

technique.

This model helps to operators and industrial

maintainers to reduce efforts and improve

efficiency through ARAUM technique and also

helpful for industrial equipments.

This project provides real time data and

information about maintenance of industrial

application by using latest techniques.

Diagram/Flowchart

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Figure: ARAUM Framework overview
Figure: information framework module

5
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Figure: Maintenance module
6
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2
Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Lima, J. P., Roberto, R., Simões, F., Almeida, M., Figueiredo, L., Teixeira, J. M., &Teichrieb, V. (2017).

Markerless tracking system for augmented reality in the automotive industry.
Expert Systems with
Applications
, 82, 100-114.
Citation that will be in the content
Lima et al., 2017
URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-

com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/

pii/S0957417417302221

Level of Journal- Q1
Automotive sector, Augmented reality, Markerless tracking
system, CAD

The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Marker less tracking system, Natural

feature based tracking, Edge based tracking

Tools:

Calibration tool, marker, RGB-D sensor, 3-

d model of object, camera

Problem:
The issue is tracking and detection of
small objects and other problem is clarification

condition
.
Goal:

To develop applications of AR technology

through natural feature based tracking and real

time visualization for automotiveindustries
.
RGB sensor

RGB images

Tracker config XML file

Tracker

CAD system

Model generator

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Applied Area:
Manufactured products of automotive

industry

3D coordinate system

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
Image extraction Removal extra data NA
2
Generation of model Reconstruct image of small parts Overlapping of images and data
3
Calibration Flexible model of car from calibrator Recovering issue
4
Tracking Detection of small parts of vehicles Projection error
5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
System model
Tracking system
Tracking quality checking method
Inlier count and reprojection error metrics
Marker issues
Tracking system
3D model
Coordinates
Tracking system
Natural features of AR
RGB-D images
Reconstruction approaches
8
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Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
RGB-D sequence file,

calibrator module,

calibration data, 3D

point coordinates,

CAD data, video.

Reconstruct model

image, RGB image,

AR objects, 3D key

frames, Mixed reality,

Real world image.

Marker less tracking system provides facility of

error detection in small parts of vehicles. The basic

feature of this technique is development of AR in

automotive industry. But this system faces some

issues during tracking as well as in automation.

Error detection problem during tracking.
Projection of Marker creates difficulty.
Overlapping of images
Calibration and generation issue.
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

Lima et al. (2017) examined marker less tracking

system for detection of error in small objects in

vehicles such as car etc. The current solution

provide improvement in automotive industry by

using Mixed and Augmented reality.

This technique is useful for automotive industry as

well as manufacturing products of vehicles. The

tracking system provides best solution to the

industry and their manufacturers through AR.

Tracking system improves AR application in

automotive industries and provides accuracy in

detection of small object. It also reduces

illumination with real time visualization.

Diagram/Flowchart

9
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Figure: Tracking area constraint
10

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Figure: Proposed method (Flowchart) of the system
3

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Palmarini, R., Erkoyuncu, J. A., Roy, R., &Torabmostaedi, H. (2018). A systematic review of augmented

11
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reality applications in maintenance. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 49, 215-228.
Citation that will be in the content
Palmarini et. al., 2018
URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-

com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/

pii/S0736584517300686

Level of journal –Q1
Maintenance, tracking, Augmented reality, authoring, digital
engineering

The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Hybrid tracking technique

Vision based tracking technique

Tools:

Engines, Cameras, screen,

vibrotactilebracelet,sensors,HMD

Applied Area:

Industrial maintenance

Problem:
The main problem is maintenance of
user-AR interactionand tracking of visual

images.

Goal:
To improve maintenance of AR
applications by applying vision based tracking

system.

Cad based model
Sensor based tracking
Vision based HMD
Context model
12
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The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
Firstly use HMD transparent glass for see the
image.

Clear vision
NA
2
After that use HMD video display Clean display Eye tracking
3
Capture real world data Show real output NA
4
Generate computer based information No error Only human error
5
Show AR based result Real visualization NA
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Camera
Fast pose estimator
Developed demonstrators
Maintenance operation
Assembly data
Cad model
Visualization
Vision based tracking
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Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
Motorbike engine,

camera,HMD device,

HHD device

Video display, Screen,

User-AR interface

To develop maintenance of AR applications for

ease of operators. But there is limitation of this

technique in User-AR interface.

Camera motion
Non rigid object structure
Object motion
Pattern change
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

The research is based on systematic literature

review of maintenance of AR applications by

using vision based technique.

The vision based tracking is helpful for

maintenance of auto parts as well as improvement

in user-AR interfacing.

Vision based tracking is useful for maintenance

operators in industry with AR applications.

Diagram/Flowchart

14
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Figure: Methodology of systematic literature review for maintenance
15
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Figure: User-AR interaction by vision based technique
4

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Lawson, G., Salanitri, D., &Waterfield, B. (2016). Future directions for the development of virtual reality

within an automotive manufacturer.
Applied ergonomics, 53, 323-330.
Citation that will be in the content
Lawson et. al., 2016
URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
Level of Journal-Q1
Virtual reality, automotive industry, 3D technology, Human
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https://www-sciencedirect-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/

pii/S0003687015300260

factors

The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Cave Automatic virtual environment

Tools:

Virtual manufacturing multi -sensory

simulation

Applied Area:

Manufacturing and designing of car

Problem:

Space judgement problem in near distance area

and designing cost is high is also a big

problem.

Goal:

To reduce cost and time using CAVE

technique for improve VR in automotive

industry.

Networked 3D model
CAD model
Networked 3D model
Haptic feedback model
Simulation
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
Designing of cars for modification. Reduce complexity NA
2
After design, Virtual prototyping applied to Identification of strengths Hardware and software tool issues
17
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develop hardware and software capabilities.
3
Then manufacturing of product. New product with less cost NA
4
Virtual assembly for implementation of new
tool.

Identify virtual objects and time reducing
NA
5
Training to the operators. Information and knowledge gathering Human mistakes
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Hardware and software
Body motion
Driver distraction
Dynamic and fixed simulator
Source identification
Desktop system
Networked VR
Network system
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
Simulation data,

virtual data, multi-

sensory input,

assembly codes,

Visual image,

improve structure,

redesign product, 3D

images, desktop view

Improvement in VR for automotive industries by

using latest techniques reduces time as well as cost

but does not provide accuracy.

Motion of virtual objects
Assembly and disassembly problem
Error in designing product
Simulation problem
18
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network data
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

CAVE technique is current solution is designing

and manufacturing products for reducing time as

well as cost and advancement of VR
.
Virtual reality is helpful for reducing cost and time

for manufacturing engineers but CAVE techniques

have some limitations with current solution.

This research improves designing of cars with less

time and cost by using CAVE technique for

automotive industries.

Diagram/Flowchart

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Figure: Process steps of project
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2
Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Jetter, J., Eimecke, J., & Rese, A. (2018). Augmented reality tools for industrial applications: What are potential

key performance indicators and who benefits?.
Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 18-33.
The citation that will be in the content
Jetter, et. al. (2018)
URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-

com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/

pii/S074756321830222X

Level of journal: Q1
Augmented reality
Industrial applications
Key performance indicator
Ready for market
Technology acceptance model
The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that needs to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Marker based tracking, video and audio

clips tracking,

Problem:
The issue which will be solved is the
complex procedures in the field of

manufacturing applications such as building or

Cable routing behind the dashboard
Bosch X-ray dashboard
Augmented reality platform
21
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Tools:AR visualization tools, Technology
acceptance model, KPI

Applied Area:
Industrial applications
conservation in the locomotive industry.

Goal:
The goal of this solution is to implement
AR tools for automotive maintenance

performance.

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
Model Rotation
With the help of Common Augmented Reality

Platform, the objects will be rotated and getting

enlarged

The objects will get enlarged and recognized

easily

N/A

2
Time processing
The reduction will take place in context of time

formation of hybrid spaces uniting virtual and

real substances

N/A

3
Maintenance
Quality will be improved due to the lower error

N/A
N/A
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rate
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Resource
Cross-platform system
Task Efficiency
3-D Information
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
The research involves

e-mobility technique

with marker based

tracking system

It enhances the

maintenance of

manufactured product

and manages testing

of the product.

The main feature of this work are:

Reasonable AR imagining toolimproves
testing quality and control maintenance of

the products.

The AR system enhances the testing of
small parts of cars but faces compatibility

with the device.

The Augmented reality system includes adaption

issue with workers as it is new intervention. It

faces issue of interaction with employees due to

installation issue in the device.

(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
23
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for your project
Jetter, et. al. (2018) investigated the impact of

complex procedures in the field of

engineeringsubmissions. The error savings time

will be improved by about 7%.

The end user of this sample industrial employee for

improving the construction and maintenance of the

system.

This solution is valuable for the project as it helps

in improving the error savings time with 7% and

also the implementation of AR tools will assist in

maintaining the automotive cars.

Diagram/Flowchart

Figure:
Common Augmented Reality Platform application for automotive maintenance
24
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Version 2.0 _ Week 2 (10 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated pervious 5 papers that you worked on them in Version 1.0)
6

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

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Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
26
Document Page
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

Diagram/Flowchart

7

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

27
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etc )
Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
28

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Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

Diagram/Flowchart

8

29
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Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

30
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3
4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

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Diagram/Flowchart
9

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Problem:

Goal:

32
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Applied Area:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
33
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Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

Diagram/Flowchart

10

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
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The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

35
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Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

Diagram/Flowchart

36
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Version 3.0 _ Week 3 (15 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated pervious 10 papers that you worked on them in Version 1.0&2.0)
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Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &

What is the Problem that need to be solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

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The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
38
Document Page
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

Diagram/Flowchart

12

Reference in APA format that will be in

'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution & What are the components of it?
39
Document Page
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

What is the Problem that need to be solved

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
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Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
for your project

Diagram/Flowchart

13

41
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Reference in APA format that will be in
'Reference List'

Citation that will be in the content

URL of the
Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution

(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/

Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/ ...

etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution

&What is the Problem that need to be

solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

42
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3
4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
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Limitations of the research
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Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
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Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
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Process Steps
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etc )

The Goal (Objective) of this Solution

&What is the Problem that need to be

solved

What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
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Dependent Variable
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Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
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The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

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Limitations of the research
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Limitations of the research
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Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
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Tools:

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Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
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Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
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2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

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Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
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Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
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Output (View)
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Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
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Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
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Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
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Input (Data)
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The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

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5

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The Goal (Objective) of this Solution

&What is the Problem that need to be

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What are the components of it?

Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

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The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

78
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3
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5

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Dependent Variable
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Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
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5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

Dependent Variable
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Technique/Algorithm name:

Tools:

Applied Area:

Problem:

Goal:

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system

Process Steps
Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1

2

3

4

5

Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)

83
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Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output
Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)

Critical Thinking:
Limitations of the research
current solution, and Why (Justify)

Input (Data)
Output (View)
(
Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is valuable
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