Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility | Assignment
Added on 2020-04-01
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Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 1ASSESSMENT OF MOBILE E-WASTE PROCESSING FACILITYA Report Paper on Mobile E-Waste ByStudent’s NameName of the ProfessorInstitutional AffiliationCity/StateYear/Month/Day
Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 2TABLE OF CONTENTItemPageMETHODOLOGY................................................................................3Recovering metals from e-wastes......................................................6EVALUATION....................................................................................6Preliminary design for the recycling process..................................................8Extractive metallurgy.............................................................................8Sorting and dismantling..........................................................................10End processing....................................................................................11Hydrometallurgical processing..................................................................12Detailed designs for the integrated mobile recycling plants.................................16Container 1 Design...............................................................................17Container 2 Design..............................................................................18Container 3 Design..............................................................................19Container 4 Design.............................................................................20ANALYSIS AND RESULTS.................................................................21CONCLUSION.................................................................................24Bibliography....................................................................................28
Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 3METHODOLOGYE-waste contain valuable metals like gold, platinum, silver and palladium also toxic substance such as mercury, lead, and beryllium. The management of responsible end life of electronic waste management is to get constituents that are valuable and manage toxic and hazardous components properly. The end life management of electronic waste comprises of reprocess of useful electronics, repair and refurbishment and recovery of electronic components, disposal and recycling electronic wastes. Recycling of electronics enable the recovery of valuable metals and also reduces the impact of environmental related with the manufacturing of electronics from raw materials and ensures appropriate handling of hazardous and toxic components.The processing of electronic wastes can be explained in three processes: mechanical process dismantling and collection and include magnetic separation, sorting and end processing. Figure 1 above illustrate the process of e-waste processing[CITATION Muk12 \l 1033 ]
Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 4Collection: assortment usually occur at the national or regional level and is attained through the programs supported by the manufacturers and retailers of electronics, collection drop off centre of municipal and collection program of nonprofit and for profit. There are many dissimilar objects which gather electronic scrap for recycling, alternating from municipal government to local government to big corporations of managing wastes[CITATION AEA14 \l 1033 ].Dismantling sorting and mechanical processing: dismantling, sorting and pre-processing occur at the national or local level, and its end objective is to separate streams devices into materials steam, primarily glass, plastics and metals for end processing. The objective of this stage is to advance the content of treasured materials and safely eradicate and dispose of hazardous. It should be known that optimal level of pre-processing is dictated by the quality of requirements of freed for the end processing. Excessive preprocessing adds cost and may lead to important losses of the precious metals. Therefore the optimal level of preprocessing needs to be reached. Figure 2 showsthe process of dismantling and sorting ewastes[CITATION Ade11 \l 1033 ]Once theconstituents are separated, the elements of ferrous are transferred to plants for repossession of iron, a fraction of aluminium are led to smelters of aluminium and copper alloys are directed to an smelter that is integrated wherethe retrieval of precious metals, non-ferrous metals and copper takes place.End processing: end processing occurs at the global level and is determined by the steam materials. The aim of this end processing is to recover the constituents that are valuable and
Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 5remove the impurities. Assaying and sampling are important to determine the content of valuablemetals and the composition of the electronic waste stream and ensure that the process that is optimum is employed to recover the precious metals. Pyrometallurgical is the process employed to recover the valuable metals but hydrometallurgical and bio metallurgical can also be used[CITATION Ala17 \l 1033 ].The collection, preprocessing, dismantling and repossession from less compound of electronic wastes such as copper, ferrous, and aluminium normally occurs at national or local level. The end processing is a more complex component of electronic wastes like batteries, circuit board, and cell phones mostly take place in global context and occur in integrated smelters of copper. These smelters are non-ferrous metallurgy extractive to separate segments that are complex into their basic metals and these companies are very expensive to construct hence it is not economicalto build them in all counties[CITATION All10 \l 1033 ]. It is significant to know that steps 2 and 1 have been established with the emphasis on stream of electronic devices like C& F appliances, ICT equipment, TVs and monitors and uses mechanical processes, whereas the technologies of final processing have been established with the emphasis of the material stream and uses chemical processes Table 1 below show methods processing e wastesStage of recyclingProcesslevelStream(1) collectionManualNational or regionaldevice(2)Dismantling, mechanical processing and sortingMechanical and manualNational or regionaldevice(3)End processingChemicalglobalmaterialThe order of processing is determined by the device type, grade of constituents, geographical location, and toxicity. For example, devices like MP3 layouts and mobile phones don’t need dismantling and shredding methods, and can directly be led to the end processing to separate and
Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 6sorts the fractions. It is significant to optimize all the stages of recycling because of the greater the steps number in the process of recycling the bigger the risk of losing valuable and precious metals. The procedures used in dismantling and sorting affect how the treatment of e-waste will take place in end proceeding step. Responsiveness is required to the interference between more steps of recycling electronic wastes to ensure the recovery of high-quality metals[CITATION All131 \l 1033 ]. Recovering metals from e-wasteElectronics contain more than sixty elements and many of them are valuable though some are hazardous. The elements includes: Metals that are precious: Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd) and Silver (Ag)Special and base metals: Nickel, Copper Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al)Hazardous and toxic metals: Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Beryllium (Be)Organic like plasticsCeramics and glassHalogens: Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br)[CITATION All131 \l 1033 ]The main economic determinant for the recycling electronic waste is the recovery of valuable metals because of their value in electronics; they make up 70 percent of the calculators, printed scraps of the circuit board, cell phones and 40per cent of TV boards, and the DVD players. The precious metals are used widely in electronics because of their conducting properties and chemical stability, making them precious contact materials. Group members of palladium are used in switches, relays and sensors also other materials like zinc and copper drive the recycling. The following materials can be grouped based on their relative value:High value: capacitors, mobile phones and circuit boards from the mainframesMedium value: boards of PC, handheld and laptop computer circuit boardsLow value: boards of TV, printed board, monitor boards, calculators, cordless phones, and bulk shredded material after separation of aluminium or iron[CITATION All14 \l 1033 ].
Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 7The volumes of valuable metals in the PWBs fluctuates from computers to televisions, calculators and DVD players, but it has been noted that PWBs from mobile phones and personal computers have the maximum capacity of precious metals. It is well-known that printed wiring boards may have toxic components such as switches, batteries and relays that must be removed manually before any processing and the values of printed wiring boards’ doubles annually[CITATION All14 \l 1033 ]. Urban miningUrban mining describes the process of recycling components that are valuable from the building,wastes, and existing products. It is a growth that has resulted in economic and environmental benefits and creation of opportunities for jobs through recycling. Primary metal production like smelting, mining, refining and concentration has the important impact especially for the special and precious metals because the metals are lowly concentrated in the ores. Getting materials from the electronic scrap is profitable than processing concentration because of the energy savings associated with the recycling of electronic scraps. It needs only 10 to 15 percent of the energy in the refining and smelting concentrates[CITATION And12 \l 1033 ].Funds are made to treat the electronic scrap and regain the precious materials, mostly as the raw materials are becoming expensive and scarce. Production of copper from methods of primary production involves many processes like grinding, roasting, crushing, refining and smelting to produce one ton of copper form two hundred tons of copper ore. the energy of approximately 80/5 will be needed to yield copper from sources of mining is related to milling and mining process because of the stem of intensive energy like grinding, crushing and hauling. This is because the copper that is recycled avoids the stages that need intensive energy and has much
Mobile E-Waste Processing Facility 8copper content than copper ores, it is beneficial to reprocess copper. Copper that is recycled contains 13 to 19 percent annual consumption of copper globally[CITATION Sta12 \l 1033 ]. Pre-processingThe mechanical processing’s level of ore influence directly how the electronic wastes in the end processing and also the metals’ concentration can be regained. It is usually advantageous to remove the components with valuable metals value before the pre-processing. Devices that are complex and components like circuit boards and small devices of high grade and cell phones should be removed from the electronic wastes stream before the mechanical process. When circuit board are not shredded and dismantled manually precious metals mix with other components like aluminium or glass. Grinding and shredding of electronic wastes of high grades can result in the loss of 40 percent of precious metals and formation of dioxins and dangerous dust[CITATION Wil15 \l 1033 ]. EVALUATIONPreliminary design for the recycling processExtractive metallurgy The most widely used metal is copper in the electronics because of its electrical conductivity is high. Metals are added frequently to copper to adjust the hardness, resistance to corrosion and strength. The alloys of copper are metals that have copper as the main components like bronzes that is Cu alloyed with aluminium, silicon and tin; brass that is zinc alloyed with copper and precious metals alloys that are copper alloyed with gold, silver and palladium.
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