Development of Mobile Network to 4G

Running head: DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE NETWORK TO 4G
An Analysis of the Technological & Evolutionary Development of a Mobile Network
into a 4th Generation
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1DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE NETWORK TO 4G
Abstract
The internet is considered as the network of large-scale group of connected devices across the
world that can send out data utilizing packet switching technique based on TCP/IP stack. On the
other hand, continuous development in communication technologies as well as infrastructure by
the means of improving functionalities of wireless protocols, the internet has achieved a huge
success as well as popularity. The developing and accelerating improvement in the patterns of
communication and demands for spare capacity and connectivity, internet is used in every aspect
frequently and made modifications. The demands supporting the internet have been an
improbable progress in wireless as well as mobile technologies. There are countless
enhancements observed in mobile as well as wireless technologies and it is rising for the user-
driven services. In this aspect, is required to involve ourselves to be acquainted with proper
communication technologies where tools and trends have an important role. Present study deals
with an analysis of the technological and evolutional development of a mobile network into 4th
generation.

2DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE NETWORK TO 4G
Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................3
Overview of revolution........................................................................................................4
Technological Requirements:..............................................................................................5
1. Data speed........................................................................................................................5
2. Enhanced Modulation......................................................................................................6
3. The flexibility of multimedia communication.................................................................6
4. Compatibility concerns....................................................................................................6
5. Capital for the initial phase..............................................................................................6
Techniques used in 4th Generation:....................................................................................7
1. The positioning technology.............................................................................................7
2. The switching Technology..............................................................................................8
3. Radio Technology............................................................................................................8
4. Smart Antenna.................................................................................................................8
5. OFDM:.............................................................................................................................9
VoLTE.................................................................................................................................9
WiMAX.............................................................................................................................11
Advantages of 4G..............................................................................................................12
Evolutionary Development of 4th generation in mobile networking................................13
1st generation:....................................................................................................................14

3DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE NETWORK TO 4G
2nd generation:..................................................................................................................15
3rd Generation:..................................................................................................................15
4th Generation:..................................................................................................................16
Future & Concerns.............................................................................................................18
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................20
References..........................................................................................................................22

4DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE NETWORK TO 4G
Introduction
The innovation of telephones in the early late nineteenth century was one of the most
notable and remarkable leaps forward toward a more advanced technological age. The reasons
where endless because of which the invention hold such a great position among the scientific
community. Gradually, as time passed more and more user-friendly and cost-effective methods
surfaced throughout the world. From those very short distance telephonic conversation to set up
towers for long distance wired calls, from low-speed wireless technology to ultra-high-speed
VoLTE (Voice over long-term evolution), the telecom industry has seen very short and impactful
changes to its overall network setup. Mobile communication is considered as significant
technology where cell phone has become the most general tool regarding communication over
current years. Present study deals with an analysis of the technological and evolutional
development of a mobile network into 4th generation.
Overview of revolution
There was a time in the network of the 3G that it could have gone only to a maximum
speed of 13 Mbps, but those time and data speed are long gone as 4G technology with the used
of LTE can give its users a speed of up to 100 Mbps along with crystal clear and very efficient
voice transfer through VoLTE (Weaver et al. 2017). The use of spectrum allocation and
frequency modulation has increased to a great length for effective transmission of the channel of
the different network. The cost aspect of 4G also needs to be discussed as the transition from the
3rd generation of data network have happened very gradually and so the charges are evenly
distributed. The operator does not have to change the whole system of transmission because a
major part of the 4th generation technology has been derived from 3G.

5DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE NETWORK TO 4G
Figure 1: revolution to 4G
(Source: Li et al. 2014, p.77)
The roaming capability along with the effective use of an open interface are also among
the most noted features of the 4th generation mobile network in Germany. The software radio
technology of the 4G is also a very important technique that helps in diminishing any network
fading. There should also be a proper analysis done on the Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) which help in multiple signal modulations in 4G and smart antennae,
which plays a key role in digital beam control and also automated signal tracking (Luo et al.
2015). The later sections of the report will discuss the various technologies as well as the
challenges that were faced while dividing a 4th generation network throughout Germany.
Technological Requirements:
Bar, Weber and Pisani (2016) stated that although the 4th generation mobile networks
surpass its predecessor in many aspects without adding to much capital issue for its network to
be updated from the third generation, there are still many other technical challenges and
requirement that needs to be taken care of. The list of wireless air interface protocols follows the
most important and familiar standards in the exercise across the globe. These are structured