Mobile Technology Usage in Nigeria

This report explores the impact and usage of mobile technology in Nigeria, specifically in the city of Lagos. It examines the influence of mobile technologies on gender empowerment, poverty alleviation, and mobile banking services. The report includes a comprehensive literature review, data findings from a survey of 100 respondents, and recommendations for future research.

Mobile Technology Usage in
Nigeria (Lagos) West Africa

ABSTRACT
The population in Nigeria is facing major complications and issues because of the less
availability of mobile technology. Some basic factors known responsible for degrading condition
of Nigeria is lack of availability of educational resources and facilities, less employment services
and operations. So, with the involvement of mobile technology, different advancements can be
made accordingly that can help in making improvements in the lifestyle and standards of people.
Out of all the population rate, about 35% of population in Nigeria comes under below poverty.
So, it may take time to develop but regular focus on involving these measures can act effective
and helpful. Considering different benefits of mobile technology, it can be analysed that making
people aware of the usability and benefits of these technologies can act beneficial. If the same is
being analysed in various sectors of Nigeria, there is still a potential to make involvements. It is
because although they have adopted many transformations but still there are various
opportunities that can be involved. In addition, it has been analysed that in some areas such as
financial and banking, there have been observed improvements after the involvement of mobile
technologies. The research is about analysing the usage and impact of different mobile
technologies on banking, poverty and gender empowerment in the overall population of Lagos
Nigeria. In this current report which is concentrating on usage and impact of mobile technology
among population and different areas of Nigeria like including Lagos as the main concern. As
mobile technology is having many impact on lives of people including like that of women
empowerment, poverty alleviation and banking service as well.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Rationale:................................................................................................................................3
Aim.........................................................................................................................................4
Objectives...............................................................................................................................4
Research Questions................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................5
2.2 Impact of mobile phones on gender empowerment in city of Lagos Nigeria..................5
2.3 Awareness of Sustainability Poverty Alleviation in Lagos, Nigeria................................8
2.4 Impact of mobile technology on mobile banking services in Lagos, Nigeria................10
2.5 Ways of increasing awareness of mobile usability benefits...........................................14
2.6 Health care benefits of mobile technology.....................................................................15
2.7 Usability of mobile technology for making improvements in Nigeria...........................18
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................20
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................20
3.2 Research philosophy.......................................................................................................20
3.3 Research approach..........................................................................................................20
3.4 Research strategy............................................................................................................21
3.5 Research design..............................................................................................................21
3.6 Data collection................................................................................................................22
3.7 Data Sampling................................................................................................................22
3.8 Data analysis...................................................................................................................23
3.9 Technical analysis..........................................................................................................23
3.10 Design and implementation..........................................................................................23
3.11 Research limitation.......................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 4: DATA FINDINGS.................................................................................................30
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................30
4.2 Data findings..................................................................................................................30
CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL EVALUATION...................................................................................40

5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................40
5.2 Critical evaluation..........................................................................................................40
5.3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................41
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION and RECOMMDENDATION.....................................................43
6.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................43
6.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................43
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................44
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................48
1. Research proposal.............................................................................................................48
PROJECT TITLE...........................................................................................................................48
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................48
Brief overview......................................................................................................................48
Aim.......................................................................................................................................48
Objectives.............................................................................................................................48
Research Questions..............................................................................................................49
Nature of work and end products.........................................................................................49
MOTIVATION..............................................................................................................................51
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................51
Challenges presented by project...........................................................................................52
Project timetable...................................................................................................................53
2 Ethical form.......................................................................................................................53

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Number of smartphone users in Nigeria from 2014 to 2019 (*in millions) 13
Figure 2: Distribution on the streets and Distribution on the streets and MTN and MTN and Glo points of
sale, Nigeria 15
Figure 3: Breakdown by Mobile Technology, Nigeria Breakdown by Mobile Technology, Nigeria, 2003-2014
17
Figure 4: Mobile phones 37
Figure 5: Use of mobile phone 38
Figure 6: Time duration for usage of mobile phones 39
Figure 7: Bank account 39
Figure 8: Aware of mobile banking service 40
Figure 9: Using mobile operator’s m-banking services 41
Figure 10: Service used by bank’s mobile banking service 42
Figure 11: Accessing mobile banking service 43
Figure 12: Nigerian women are using mobile technology 43
Figure 13: Prolonged use of mobile phone will be causing health problem like cancer 44
Figure 14: Satisfied with overall performance of mobile phone 45
Figure 15: Internet as an important part of mobile phone 45

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Mobile technology usability refers to awareness of the factors associated. So, if different
areas and sectors are considered then it can be observed that some areas have been improved to a
huge extent whereas in some, there is still need for modifications. A very well-known and
common example of this can be considered as banking.
With the help of mobile banking services, people have started getting involved in
operations and services such as fund transfer. Similarly, in educational field, there have been
various observed achievements because mobile technologies involve different factors that helped
in making operations faster and accessible. Before some time, Nigeria was meant to be an area
where there is only involvement of tribes, less technology. Thus, such factors have thrown a
major impact on the living standards of people (Oluwole, Nicolae and Oludele, 2015).
So, there was actually a huge requirement of involvement of mobile technologies to make
some improvisations. Whether it is about making modifications for replacing the culture of
gender empowerment or about eradicating poverty issues, mobile technologies have been
successful after their involvement in different areas of Nigeria. Some factors that are majorly
influenced by it involve less rate of discrimination. because earlier when some women were
being discriminated and had to cooperate because of not having any source by which they can
inform anyone but after involving mobile technologies, it became easier (West, 2015). Women in
Nigeria also started feeling safe and after some time, it helped and changed the living standards
of people.
Mobile technology also helped in changing the image of Nigeria from a tribal area to an
advanced one. Also, it provided a sort of platform to people to access internet and other available
services. So, it can be considered that mobile technology plays a very important role in changing
lives as well as lifestyles of people.
As per the statistics, it has been analysed that about 35% population of Nigeria is still
below poverty line. Although there are various employment opportunities but most of the
population are dependent on agricultural activities. In case of production of petroleum, Nigeria is
known to be on top 12 but still a huge amount of population comes under poverty line. It means
the state is yet to be developed in terms of technology and resources. Some specific causes are
responsible for degrading growth of Nigeria and some well-known examples can be considered
as lack of facilities for education, extended rate of population, corruption, issues with food
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 1

production. Thus, proper, effective and preventive measures can be involved so that rate of
poverty and illiteracy can be controlled. One very appropriate example can be taken as mobile
technology because this has already made enormous number of advancements across the globe
(Benski, Stancanelli and Schmidt, 2017).
So, there is a higher probability that its involvement can act as a beneficial source that
can help the population of Nigeria to deal with the factors causing poverty and can bring
effective solutions. Due to higher illiteracy rate, many people are unaware of effectiveness and
usability of mobile technology that can help in bringing effective changes.
Therefore, this can be involved in order to make people aware of its uses and benefits for
attaining a better and suitable lifestyle and also for improving standards (Shaikh and Karjaluoto,
2015). With the help of mobile technology, people are able to install application. so that they can
track their daily routine. In terms of making food quality better, residents of Nigeria ensure to
inform the consumer courts about the adulteration of food. It is because as corruption rates are
high comparatively in Nigeria and also there have been various cases where it has been found
that rate of adulteration in food items is increasing to a huge extent. So, one can click the pictures
or create some evidence so that the same can be sent to consumer courts. This technique can help
to catch the people engaged in corruption activities (Olanrewaju and Omiola, 2018).
Therefore, it can be considered that involvement of mobile technology can actually help
to deal with corruption, so after that there might be a possibility that the adulteration rate will
also get minimize to a wide extent. Thus, this can help the people of Nigeria to get better quality
of food. They can focus on it to live a healthier and happier life. Also, people can install various
applications in order to track their daily physical activities and other essential factors to stay fit.
By this way, mobile technology can be classified effective in bringing modifications to people
lives, thus making it better and interesting.
There is another issue as lack of academic facilities, because of which, the population of
Nigeria is suffering to a huge extent. Although there is a wide scope but people are not able to
continue their academics because of less number of facilities. Therefore, involvement of different
ways of education by means of mobile technology can act as a beneficial measure for the entire
Nigerian population. There are various educational benefits that are associated with mobile
technology.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 2

As in case of lectures, students with the help of mobile technology ensure to record the
entire lecture so that if required again, they can listen it at home. This can be classified as
beneficial measure because it can actually help them in achieving an efficient amount of
understanding and knowledge of this topic (Aranda-Jan, Mohutsiwa-Dibe and Loukanova,
2014). So, by this way, classifying usability of mobile technology benefits, it can also help in
shaping future of individuals in the most positive way. Along with audio recording, there are
various other measures that can be used for bringing effective changes in educational facilities.
The government has also initiated various ways by which education can be provided in
areas where there is lack of suitable facilities. So, these factors have been started by the
government so that there have been seen some improvements and there are higher possibilities
that they will gain a literacy rate higher as compared to current situation. The people that are not
that much exposed to the educational activities, online forums have been made. It is because if
any student wants to get connected to teachers for any sort of assistance, they can be able to do it
with the help of these forums (Mkpojiogu, Hashim and Adamu, 2016).
It is because of the unavailability of psychiatrists. With the help of mobile technology, it
has been analysed that the rate of poverty will decrease to an extent in coping with various
challenges. When people will involve the usage of mobile technologies in their lives, it will
automatically bring major modifications and improvements in their life (Ayoade, 2015). So, with
the passage of time, it could be easier for them to cope with challenges of life, thus making it
simple. When people will get educated and then employed, it will obviously help them in
achieving a settled life. So, number of issues and complications will also decrease to a huge
extent.
Rationale:
This particular research which is discussing on the most relative and important topic of
impact and usage of mobile technology in the different areas and population of Nigeria that too
within city of Lagos is very vital in its own way. There are lot of contribution which mobile
technology is making in economy of Nigeria like in education and employment sector. Mobile
technologies have made some advancements for reducing the poverty rate. The government has
included different, new and advanced ways, which provides education to the poor easily. Also,
unemployed people also connect to various different opportunities by means of mobile
technologies. Poverty is considered as another major factor leading to increments in the crimes
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 3

associated with Gender Empowerment. Lagos is regarded to as one of the largest electronic
market of Nigeria and most populated metropolises as well with about 9 million mobile users. In
some areas, people are actually talented and are good in different skills, but just because they do
not have efficient sources and are not able to promote their business to a great extent. So,
different e-commerce platforms have been developed. There are a variety of factors that are
responsible for causing the issues of poverty. Some well-known examples of this can be
considered as lack of economic growth, weak areas of government, lack of facilities for health
and diseases.
Aim
To analyse the impact and usage of mobile technology in different areas and population
of Nigeria: A Study on city of Lagos
Objectives
 To understand the influence of mobile technologies on Gender Empowerment in city of
Lagos state.
 To investigate the awareness about Sustainability Poverty Alleviation in city of Lagos
 To analyse the ease of access and impact of mobile technology on mobile banking
services in city of Lagos
 To recommend ways of analysing and improving impact of mobile technology in various
areas of Nigeria in city of Lagos
Research Questions
1. Q1. What is the impact of mobile technology on gender empowerment?
2. Q2. What are different ways to investigate the awareness about sustainability poverty
alleviation?
3. Q3. How can ease of access and impact of mobile technology on mobile banking services
be analysed?
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This is the second chapter of research, which holds a huge importance because the
themes and objectives are clearly defined in this unit. It will cover all the statistics and data about
the overall usability of mobile technology in Nigeria within city of Lagos. It will also cover
various issues associated with the lack or less usability of mobile technology, thus different ways
and techniques can be adopted for maximizing the usability and benefits of mobile technology in
order to make lives better. This particular section will be having and making discussion based on
thematic literature review by formulating various themes from aims and objectives set up in
above introduction section.
2.2 Impact of mobile phones on gender empowerment in city of Lagos Nigeria
The first question that comes in mind is that although technology has made various
advancements in lives of people, but there are many systems that are developed that can provide
safety to women? Earlier, population in Nigeria was referred to as tribal because of lack of
employment and less literacy rate. Also, because of these factors, women were facing major
complications in their lives (Ippoliti and L’Engle, 2017). The rate of discriminating them on
basis of education and employment was increasing to a huge extent. For achieving an efficient
sustainability rate, it is important to give equal essential to men as well as women.
According to a survey, it has also been analysed that many women in Nigeria had to
about child because of the pressure from family of the girl child. The mentality of people there is
that if a boy will be born, he can be able to get involved in some activities as a source of
employment whereas if a girl will be born, she may not be able to do the same and may be
complications of family increased (Olaleye, Sanusi and Oyelere, 2017). So, on that basis,
enormous number of women in Nigeria had to abort their child. This is somewhere degrading
sustainability rate in Nigeria and also affecting the basic processing of country.
So, for dealing with such changes, mobile technology can act as a powerful tool. It is
because there have been various advancements made in this field and now it promotes a higher
rate of awareness. Different applications have been made so that in case of any emergency,
women can be able to contact or send their present location to anyone for help. Various
applications have been assigned with the contact number of police lines so that in case of any
emergency, they can be able to connect with them. This somewhere increases the awareness
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 5

among people and is a sort of lesson for those who are involved and interested in such crimes.
The government has provided a proper support in terms of technical and financial measures. So,
introduction of mobile technologies has brought positive measures in fields of education,
employment, thus helping the population of Nigeria to deal with different complications of
gender empowerment to fight with them. This has also increased the rate of confidence of people
that now they get involved in different activities so that they can increase their rate of analysis
and understanding.
Cultural barriers are considered as another major reason that is motivating the gender
empowerment. In various families, girls are not allowed to move out for education. Higher
illiteracy rate can be termed as the output of such situations (Kim, Patel and Hinman, 2017). So,
the government has developed and implemented various initiatives to provide education to the
areas lacking proper facilities. In areas, where there are no health care facilities, different
measures have been involved for these people. A very common example of this can be
considered as the fact that different applications have been made by which a person can contact
to emergency department of nearest hospital possible and request for the medication and
facilities.
Therefore, with the help of these platforms, it can help them to increase their overall
production in order to achieve their targets and goals (Sarath, Mohanty and Nayak, 2015). This
can be considered as a very beneficial measure for these people and also will help them to gain a
sort of sustainability with the employment. Thus, it can be considered that an increased usability
of mobile technology can actually help population in Nigeria to deal with various factors, leading
to the decrements in gender empowerment and other related issues.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 6

Figure 1: Number of smartphone users in Nigeria from 2014 to 2019 (*in millions)
Source: (The Impact of Mobile Services in Nigeria, 2018)
As from the above figure it is quite clear that smartphones users in Nigeria are increasing
year wise. In year 2014 it was only 11 million users of mobile phone but then each year from
2014-2018 it kept on increasing (The Impact of Mobile Services in Nigeria, 2018). In present
year there are about 20.5 million users of smart phone in Nigeria which in coming year 2019 is
estimated to as 23.3 million. This shows that Nigerians are now transforming themselves from
tribal population to digital one with introduction of educational reforms by government. It is
worth noticing that in year 2002 only one tenth of the population of African continent were
having or owing mobile phones and today it is very much common in Africa and Nigeria just
like it is in USA (Husain, Yusuf and Yusuf, 2017). While it is also indicated that smartphone
users those who are having access to applications and internet are not that much in use but there
are some minority group which is owing smartphone which is about 34% of South Africans.
Thus, this shows that mobile phone industry is having its significant economic impact on
Nigerian population as it is giving huge amount of investments in respect of infrastructure or
employment generation. It was included that about $1.6 billion are been invested in Nigeria
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 7

which is all related to mobile industry that too during the past decade and about 3 million of job
opportunities. Many of the mobile phones users of Nigeria indicated that they all are positively
influenced by use of mobile phones like they are now able to connect with their families and
friends, create new job and business opportunities and access to variety of information. There are
also many great chances as per the Krone, Dannenberg and Nduru, (2016) that in future
development of mobile industry within Nigeria which will be driven by help of government,
industry and some international organisation as well. Most of the users of mobile in country are
giving importance to use of mobiles services which are also included to as platform for users but
then also there is very limited use of applications by people.
2.3 Awareness of Sustainability Poverty Alleviation in Lagos, Nigeria
According to Dauda and Lee, (2015) it has been estimated that even after the
involvement of various advancements and technologies, poverty rate is still about 48% of the
entire population. There may be various reasons considered for this. Also, there might be a
possibility that due to the unavailability of resources, they were not able to make proper use of it.
Different cases with adulteration have been found in Nigeria because of which people are not
able to take healthy diet and this is somewhere degrading their personal lives. The rate of
corruption is high enough, so it is associated with increased rate of adulteration.
As per the view of Olaleye, Sanusi and Oyelere, (2017) vendors are mixing some external
agents with the food items in order to attract customers but somewhere it is majorly affecting
their health. For coping with these factors, mobile technology can be used because there are
various applications developed by which one can have a direct contact with the consumer courts.
This can be termed as a beneficial factor because by this means, taking evidences of the same is
easy and then it can be proceeded to other essential bodies such as consumer court. Also, health
care facilities also lack in Nigeria.
This is one of the reasons that a majority of people are not able to focus on their health
and concerned issues. There are various people who are dealing with some health issues and a
major part out of them is having mental illness (Ayoade, 2015). But because of the unavailability
of proper support and care, their conditions tend to get worse and it may also lead to death then.
So, if population in Nigeria will become aware of mobile technology and its advantages, then
there is a probability that it can help them in changing their lives and bring positive changes.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 8

With the help of internet sources and online availability of doctors, people in Nigeria can be able
to take a proper consultation from them about what to eat and activities to be involved.
Figure 2: Distribution on the streets and Distribution on the streets and MTN and Glo points of
sale, Nigeria
[Source: The Impact of Mobile Services in Nigeria, 2018]
It will also help them to stay aware of all the medications, which can help them to stay
better. Therefore, a pre-assessment or treatment can actually prove helpful for them. It will help
the population of Nigeria to stay fit, happy and healthy. After this, there is also a possibility that
such areas will develop and might involve the presence of proper medical facilities. It helps in
representing the importance of usability of mobile technology in making changes in people's
lives. Hunger is another cause for affecting the health of people. Also, education facilities in
Nigeria are also less comparatively (Gulbahar, Jacobs and Konig, 2015). So, it is thus affecting
the employment rates. For eradication of poverty completely, education is a must. As there are
no such facilities in many parts of Nigeria, so for coping with it, people can make use of mobile
technology and with the help of internet, they can have proper material for study. This can also
be considered as a very effective measure because it can let them study and have a better future
ahead.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 9

As per the statistics also, the government is not as strong in Nigeria and this is a major
reason that different complication factors arise such as corruption so, proper preventive measures
can be taken so that the government can act strongly. When the government will be strong
enough, then there are probabilities that every single processing of operations and functions will
stay maintained and balanced much (Olugbenga, 2015). This will help to deal with different
issues associated with employment, poverty. So, then there are very positive chances that the
entire situation of Nigeria to improve and that too at a huge extent.
Many sustainable strategies are introduced which is helping population of Nigeria to
eradicate poverty one of them could be identified as introduction of mobile industry. Other than
this investment made in infrastructure development is more directly impacting huge population.
These infrastructure developments include like those of irrigation or that related to water supply.
With the increase of mobile sector within country there are many youths who are able to get
many new job and business opportunities thus sustainably alleviating poverty within nation.
There are other government policies in regard to increase in job opportunities which are all
helpful in poverty reduction (McArthur, Lam-McArthur and Fontaine, 2018). Then by giving
more stress on vulnerable groups, marginalised and population that of women poverty reduction
could be included. So these help which are given to people of Nigeria from side of their
government will be very much helping them to realise importance of mobile phones.
2.4 Impact of mobile technology on mobile banking services in Lagos, Nigeria
Mobile technology involves various different measures that can actually help in bringing
various positive changes in one's life. If it is being considered for the area of mobile banking
services, it is clear enough that different bank facilities will be provided to people living in
Nigeria. As it is not developed well, so people are facing major issues due to it. For accessing
traditional banking methods, there is unavailability of sources required, so the introduction of
mobile banking services can actually help people in Nigeria to get involved in different
important factors so that they can be even able to have an estimate of their savings and total
expenditure.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 10

Figure 3: Breakdown by Mobile Technology, Nigeria Breakdown by Mobile Technology,
Nigeria, 2003-2014
Source:( The Impact of Mobile Services in Nigeria, 2018]
If people will start accessing the mobile banking services, then no matter even if they are
far, they will be able to get involved and do transactions, fund transfers. so, this can act as a very
feasible option for individuals. There are no such differences between visiting a bank and
performing operations with performing the same through mobile application. Mobile banking
allows the person to access various features. According to Cudjoe, Anim and Nyanyofio, (2015)
Whether it is about transferring funds or making any other banking operations, all of it is
possible on the applications for mobile banking. Every specific bank has its own application and
it has been well equipped in a way that there are higher probabilities that it will help customers to
cover every single requirement. Also, as the rate of corruption is high, so engaging about money
with anyone cannot be considered as safe enough. So, considering this factor, mobile banking
services can act helpful. It is because when every fund transfer will be done through respective
websites or applications of banks, then in that case, there will be fewer probability of having any
fraud. Also, replacing the visiting of banks to using mobile banking services can actually help
them to replace the paper system completely. It is because in case of paper works, there are
chances that it may get lost or stolen and after that, it can make the further process complicated
(González-Eguino, 2015). But the major advantages of using mobile banking services are that
there are no possibilities of data getting lost. So, use of mobile banking services can help the
population of Nigeria to go paper less, thus getting advanced and modernised.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 11

This will also help them to stay confident and active towards processing of various
different operations and functions. Along with feasibility, the rate of security will also increase to
a huge extent. It is because the websites and applications are trusted, so all transactions and
processes that are getting over it will be secure as well. Therefore, there will be fewer chances of
getting any sort of fraud. So, people can trust over such applications. It can be further considered
as a very beneficial measure that can actually help people in changing and improving their
lifestyle.
Although the government in Nigeria is weak enough but developers worldwide are trying
to make involvement of different developments in applications so that they can enable to provide
customers, a higher rate of security and feasibility. These factors will somehow improve
standards of the population of Nigeria and that too at a huge extent. This will furnish their
experience of using mobile technology (Majeed, Farooq and Zaman, 2017). It will further act as
responsible enough in making improvements in standards of living of the people. Mini
statements and bank balance can also be checked from application only. So, the person may not
have to visit banks specially for checking that. Therefore, the involvement of mobile technology
has made various advancements in processing of operations and functions. Therefore, this can
help the population of Nigeria to stay active and developed enough so that they can cope with
different challenges and conflicts.
If the person is facing any issues with any transactions, on the websites or applications,
there are emergency contacts numbers provided on which one can connect the authorities. These
contact numbers are 24*7 available for providing support to the customers (Olugbenga, 2015).
Sometimes, when there is a huge amount of traffic on the website, then there may occur any
error on the page leading to failure in transaction. So, at such time, the money is being deducted
from one's account but the process does not get complete.
So, in such cases, customers should not get panic because such incomplete requests are
being visible to the authorities. Therefore, within duration of a few days, the money is returned
to a user's account. So, use of mobile banking services act as a very beneficial measure for
making advancements in the population of Nigeria (Olaleye, Sanusi and Oyelere, 2017). There
are various benefits of using mobile banking because if the consumers visit the bank for services
or processes, then they may have to give operational costs but if they perform operations online,
the rate of operational costs will decrease to a huge extent. Therefore, this can also be termed as
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 12

a sort of saving of people. Also, with mobile banking, there are various offers and rewards
available. Although these changes over time but all the offers are attractive enough. The
government plays an important role here.
It is an obvious fact that the needs of customers changes. So, in order to have rapid
progressions, it is important that the government cooperates to a huge extent. Although the
government of Africa is considered weak enough but it should be improved in order to maintain
a sort of scalability with these features. It is essential because even after implementing these
factors, and keeping the focus on it and involving measures so that it can be continued as an
important step (Adeoye, Tom-Aba and Lamshoeft, 2017). Therefore, different measures can be
used so that Nigerians can also be able to take proper support from the government. This will
further help them to maintain a balance between different operations and processes. Thus, after
analysing all these facts, it can be classified that the involvement of mobile technology can
actually help the population of Nigeria to deal with major challenges and factors of life.
Also, by means of mobile services, people are able to search for various different
opportunities. With the help of an internet connection in the mobile, one can be able to search for
various different opportunities. Thus, it can be considered as it can prove beneficial for
employment purposes. In educational terms also, there are benefits of mobile technology such as
the fact that people are free to search for any materials online. Even if the child goes to the
school, and wants to take some sort of extra support, they can take proper help and support from
online sources because there is a wide variety of information available on the internet. Therefore,
they can take help from various different sources and can use it in their academics (Ayoade,
2015). So, whether it is about education or employment, the involvement of medical technology
can actually provide help to students and people of Nigeria.
Mobile banking services also called to as m-banking are those type which will be helping
people to directly relate their progress with that of increased use of mobile phones or internet.
Almost every bank which is set up in Nigeria will be having their mobile applications which are
been most used by customers in availing variety of services (The Impact of Mobile Services in
Nigeria, 2018). Not only banks are having their application which is helping people to do
shopping or transferring money but there are also other mobile application having these facilities.
But this mobile application are not that much popular in Nigeria as it is in other parts of world.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 13

2.5 Ways of increasing awareness of mobile usability benefits
Although earlier, Nigeria was known to be a tribal area but with the passage of time,
mobile technology has been successful in brining different positive changes in the standards and
lifestyles of people. A very well-known example of this can be considered as M Pesa.
After the involvement of mobile network operators started in Nigeria, they developed the
M Pesa service, which allows people to make different banking operations via application. After
the service started, it initiated various other providers to make severe involvements (Ayoade,
2015). Due of poverty, there are still some areas where people are not able to cope with the
transportation rates. Also, in some areas, there are no facilities of bank, so the people have to go
far away to access the services and operations of bank.
Therefore, with the help of these mobile applications and services, it can act as a
feasibility factor for such people. So, whether it is about recharging mobile phones or about
paying of bills, M Pesa has made these services available for them. Also, after the uprisings of
2011 on North Africa, people started using mobile phones much frequently because at that time
also, it helped them to deal and connect with people at that time, in case of emergencies. So, it
somewhere changed and improvised their confidence level.
Different tools have also been developed for educational purposes. It was a must needed
development because illiteracy rate is comparatively higher in Nigeria. Therefore, it ensures the
involvement of such ways and techniques necessary. So, by various means, awareness about
usability and benefits of mobile technology can be increased. A basic example of this can be
considered as the fact that mobile operators that have operated in different areas of Nigeria
should promote their services by various means (Benski, Stancanelli and Schmidt, 2017). The
government of Africa should ensure that they provide an equal amount of support to these
initiatives as in case of funding. So the government can ensure to provide a proper amount of
support to these operators. Thus, all these operators make sure to promote their services by
different means such as advertisements, posters.
Also, for increasing the usability of mobile phones and technologies in Nigeria; these
operators provide some offers or discounts to people in case of subscription plans. It is because
this can actually act as a very attractive way to impress customers. Affordable plans and rate
structure can be proved helpful for operators because by these means, they will be able to attract
a wide number of customers. Therefore, when people start using mobiles phones and thus, will
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 14

stay connected with others, then there are possibilities that during the passage of time, there will
be made various advancements in the lifestyles of people.
Also, this will help them to stay active in this challenging world. Also, it will be helpful
for people facing complications (Olaleye, Sanusi and Oyelere, 2017). An example of this can be
taken of women discrimination. Women are being discriminated on the basis of education,
illiteracy. So in case of any emergency or accident, if women will be having mobile phones, they
can easily call SOS numbers for help. Also, various applications have been developed, which
provides a huge amount of support to the women in case of any emergency. Therefore,
increasing the awareness about such applications is also considered as a very important measure
because by this means, women's who are not aware of this will also feel confident and secure.
Therefore, this can help women to feel secure.
Awareness about such applications can also be done. So the promotion of these
applications can be done by means of advertisements, posters. This will also increase the overall
rate of usability of mobile technology in Nigeria because it will provide efficient security and
safety measures, then most of the women will prefer using it. Therefore, these ways will surely
help in increasing awareness about benefits of involving mobile technology for the population of
Nigeria (Broady-Preston, 2018). This will help in bringing major benefits and advantages in
improvising the processing of various operations and functions.
The involvement of mobile technology has also made various advancements for
entertainment purposes. At homes with television, people can also connect their mobile phones,
internet connection with television. for entertainment purposes. It is because along with basic
activities of life; it is very important that there must be some sort of entertainment in the lives of
people. This helps in maintaining the balance in their lives, which is very important.
2.6 Health care benefits of mobile technology
As mobile technology has brought various advancements in different sectors, it can also
prove helpful in area of health care. The facilities of doctors, medications and treatments are
probably less in Nigeria, so enormous number of people is suffering from different issues, and is
helpless. It is somewhere making their situation worse. So if these facilities will be available by
means of mobile services or applications, then it can have termed as a life changing measure for
the population of Nigeria.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 15

Health applications are considered as efficient opportunities to be developed and it will
surely act as attractive in impressing people (Carlsson and Walden, 2015). This can be
considered as a very feasible measure because by these means, people will be able to analyse the
health associated factors. There are different applications that helps people to note down their
steps and calories burnt. Thus with the help of specialised factors, these features have been
involved in these applications. It also involves a fitness tracker that helps people to analyse their
work outs, calories burnt. By analysing these factors, they are able to keep a check on their diet.
Also, it will help them to decide what is good for their health and what is not. Whether it
is about taking a balanced diet full of vitamins, minerals. or about involving a variety of physical
activities, all can be tracked with the help of mobile phones (Efiong and Aranuwa, 2017). With
the help of internet, people can also refer to diet charts or get connected to online doctors in case
of any emergency. So it can be considered with the involvement of mobile technology, people
can make changes in their style of living, eating. and make it better.
As the corruption rate is also high in Nigeria, so there are possibilities with the
adulteration of medicine. So, with the help of mobile phones, one can check or test all content of
medication that has been prescribed by the doctor. Thus, it will help in analysing actuality so that
the doubts of people can also get clear (Olanrewaju and Omiola, 2018). This will however
increase the knowledge and understanding of people to a huge extent. Different tools and
applications have been developed till date that can help to analyse the basic factors.
Therefore, these factors can act beneficial, thus can fight with corruption because there
are a wide number of people in Nigeria who are involved in causing adulterations in medicines.
This can act very fatal and can cause major health complications in one's lives. So, mobile
technology and trackers involved can be beneficial in analysing the counterfeit drugs so that it
can be controlled to a huge extent. This will also act as a threat to the people involved in such
activities. Therefore, it can be termed that this will however help in reducing the rate of
corruption and that too at a wider extent. Although, the government of Africa is considered as
weak in many areas, but some initiatives have been developed. A common example of this
initiative is Health. This service involves a wide range of support measures. The people in
Nigeria can make use of it on any mobile device such as tablets, mobile phones, PDA's.
It can help in acting as an efficient and appropriate coordinator because some special set
of doctors are always available on it (Gherissi et.al., 2016). Sometimes there may be
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 16

unavailability of required doctors or nurse in hospitals or stores but in case of mHealth, one can
get a surety about the availability of doctors. Also, all the people available are specialised
professionals. So it allows the person to have an efficient amount of trust on them. Therefore, it
can help them in getting a proper assistance about required specific medications.
The complete follow up process can be made available on mHealth. So, this can be
termed as an essential factor because along with the follow up process, it also permits a better
coordination rate between doctor and the patient. On the basis of these factors, it can be
considered that such applications can actually prove helpful for the population of Nigeria
(Guthrie, 2015). It is because by such means, they will be able to stay more fit and healthy.
Therefore, the government can also ensure to focus on various factors that can act beneficial for
making improvements in lifestyle of the people.
Physicians in health care are also involved in various activities in their routine so, this
reflects on ways and behaviour by which they treat the patients. Therefore, due to the
involvement of mobile technology, they have been also benefited because now they do not have
to get involved in paperwork. They can record the details on mobile or database. Therefore, this
has acted as a sort of feasibility for practitioners. So, now they can focus better on providing
treatment to patients and solving their queries. So these mobile features tend to be beneficial and
also improve the basic efficiency of physician (Hashim and Adamu, 2017). Also, these mobile
applications can also help in making the accuracy of diagnostics more appropriate. The failure
rates are also comparatively less than compared to external factors because everything is tracked
in these applications and prescriptions are also given under proper monitoring. So, there are
fewer probabilities that any issue or complication can get caused because of this.
As per the statistics, 95% of physicians think that these health applications can actually
involve various improvement measures in one's life. This involves various different measures
such as balanced diet chart, physical activities. that can actually help in maintaining a balance
between different measures of life. Thus, person can stay fit, healthy and happy.
Also, this is considered as a very convenient measure because people can ask their queries
while sitting in home. So, this can be termed as feasible enough. If they require any set of
information regarding any such factor, then they can search and analyse the same on internet. If
the condition of the patient is more complex, then meetings can also be fixed over these
applications (Ifinedo, Kankaanranta and Hämäläinen, 2017). Even if there are no or less
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 17

requirements of physical meetings, in that case documents such as medical history, diagnosis.
that can be shared over these applications. Therefore, its involvement does not make any
difference between direct and indirect interaction.
2.7 Usability of mobile technology for making improvements in Nigeria
As the overall rate of poverty and illiteracy in Nigeria is much, so it is affecting the lives
of people to a huge extent. There are various factors that are leading to poverty and issues
associated with it. Some well-known examples of it include extreme rate of poverty and hunger,
lack of medical facilities and treatments, lack of sustainability. All these measures must be
improved in order to have improvement in the economic conditions of Nigeria.
As hunger is a major issue for the population of Nigeria, so government can ensure
providing such people a few benefits or fewer rate structure for population of Nigeria.
Sustainability is another measure because there are enormous numbers of people who are making
use of resources in a way that there is a lesser possibility that it will be saved for the purpose for
future generations (Kenny, O’Connor, Heaven, et al 2017). So, all factors affecting the
sustainability of resources should be controlled so that all the resources can be saved for future
generations. This is known as sustainability.
If there will be some sources of employment in Nigeria, then the population there must
ensure to make use of it. So that sources can stay for future generations. This will help in
reducing the rate of poverty to a huge extent. Also, if in any case, there is a case of child labour,
taking evidence and proceeding the same to consumer courts can be classified as an essential
factor because this can help in stopping overall rate of child labour and that too at a huge extent.
Therefore, it will help in developing the economy (Adeoye, Tom-Aba et al, 2017). Also, in case
of gender empowerment, usage and involvement of mobile technology can help women to stay
safe and secure because with the help of various applications and tools online, women can
contact anyone for help in case of any emergency. So, this acts as a threat to people who are
involved in such kind of activities. Therefore, involvement of mobile technology can actually
prove helpful enough in bringing various improvements in different processes and functions of
Nigeria. It also promotes the fact of women empowerment.
So, after its involvement, women will also be given proper respect along with every single
measure they deserve. This somewhere helps in increasing their confidence rate to a huge extent.
So, it can be considered from these facts that the involvement of mobile technology acts helpful
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 18

in various operations and measures such as employability, educational facilities, gender
empowerment (Kovach, 2015). Another essential factor of mobile technology is that it can help
two persons to stay connected to each other. Therefore, in case of any complication or
emergency, this can actually term beneficial enough in staying in touch with others. This is
considered as one of the important measures of mobile technology that is changing lives and
modifying it to a better one.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 19

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
There are several methods that are used in conducting research. The selection of methods
depends on nature and goals and objectives of research. Also, researcher can choose methods as
per his or her willingness. Research methodologies sets a framework that shows what methods
was used while conducting research. It helps in conducting research effectively and in systematic
manner (Broady-Preston, 2018). There are various things that are included in it such as research
design, approach and data collection. through this result are obtained in effective and efficient
manner. Also, it saves time of researcher as he or she does not have to separately determine
methods. By developing this, research is conducted in smooth way. There are several elements
included in research methodologies. For present research, the elements are described as below: -
3.2 Research philosophy
This is the first element that is considered in research. In research philosophy, the
researcher gives a brief idea about subject. Also, it described the overall framework and design
of research. Moreover, it describes knowledge that exit in reality. Research philosophies are of
four types that are positivism, realism, pragmatism and interpretivism. Positivism means
collection of facts and figures by observing. It is not used commonly. Interpretivism is used to
investigate various elements of research. Realism is based on assumptions of scientific approach
for developing knowledge. It can be divided into two groups that are direct and critical (Kovach,
2015). For present study researcher will use interpretivism approach. It is because it will help
researcher to analyse each element thoroughly and proceeding further. Also, it will help in
evaluating sample size will be collected in area of Lagos so that appropriate data is collected.
With this researcher will be able to gain knowledge about the impact of using of mobile in Lagos
areas. It will assist researcher to get accurate information through observation that how lifestyle
of people of Lagos has changed. Furthermore, with this researcher will investigate sections of
research.
3.3 Research approach
In this researcher determines the approach that will be used. It shows that how
hypotheses will be done so that data and information can be made more logical and coherent.
Moreover, a hypothesis helps in investigating further data in research. There are many
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 20

approaches that can be used. They are deductive, inductive or abductive. Inductive is used for
generating theories from research. It only focuses on research questions rather than aims and
objectives. On the other hand, deductive is used to generate outcomes. It focuses on aims so that
results are achieved. Abductive is applied in case to overcome weakness of both approach. It is
very rarely used as it is difficult to understand and complex approach. In this researcher will use
the deductive approach (Gherissi et.al., 2016). It will help him or her in evaluating areas of
impact of usage of mobile technology. Besides this, it will benefit researcher in achieving aims
and objectives. Along with this researcher will be able to make proper findings in targeted area
of Lagos regarding the use mobile and for what purpose. Also, how much it has impacted social
culture. Present study ascertained effective information to make desired results.
3.4 Research strategy
This is an essential element in research methodology. It is because it shows the overall
plan that how different research methods will be applied. This makes it easy for researcher to
achieve aims and objectives. Generally, there are two basic strategies which are used that are
qualitative and quantitative. In qualitative non numerical data is collected in order to analyse
research topic in more depth (Mkpojiogu, Hashim and et al, 2016). This is applied when only
theoretical knowledge has to be gained. In this more quality data is collected. While in
quantitative numerical data is collected to get specific results. It makes it easy to analyse what
outcomes can be obtained. The present research will use both these strategies. This will help
researcher in collecting relevant and quality data so that specific results can be obtained in
precise way. It will help in analysing that what was the condition in Lagos area before mobile
technology and why people began to use it. Also, it will help in achieving goals and objectives
effectively. Using both will be beneficial in thoroughly analysing data and information. It will be
helpful in getting desired results. It ascertained more desired work performance.
3.5 Research design
This element is described after selecting the strategy. It is because the selection of
research design is dependent on strategy. Research design helps in integrating different
components of research in logical way so that it can be conducted in effective manner (Guthrie,
2015). Usually, there are three types of design that is used. These are exploratory, conclusive and
descriptive. Exploratory is done to expand research to a large area. It is used to gain more
information and knowledge. Descriptive focus on what are current issue and problems that are
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 21

prevailing. Also, what is the reason for such issues? Conclusive refers to final conclusion from
research. It depends on aims and objectives. For this dissertation, researcher will use descriptive
design. It will enable in evaluating in more depth that how mobile technology is influencing
people of Lagos and problems are faced by people. Moreover, it will help researcher to obtain
accurate results by collecting data in Lagos city. It also helps to attain systematic work
performances that help to make conclusion in systematic manner. On the basis of information, it
can be stated that validity will be ascertained in positive way.
3.6 Data collection
This is the most crucial element of research methodology because the entire results are
dependent on this. The researcher must collect data in proper way so that relevant results can be
obtained. The selection of data collection method depends on willingness of researcher (Olaleye,
Oyelere, et al, 2018). Basically, there are two common methods of collecting data these are
primary and secondary. In primary fresh data is collected by using several methods such as
questionnaire and interview. In secondary data is collected from previous research, articles and
journals this makes it easy for researcher to analyse what other authors have said about subject or
what results was generated from their research. In presents study researcher will collect data by
using primary method in the area of Lagos. For this survey will be conducted by using the
questionnaire method. The survey will be conducted in university. Also, some focused groups
will be developed to collect data. It will assist in gathering more accurate data and interpreting it.
3.7 Data Sampling
In order to collect data, it is necessary to select appropriate sampling method. In this
small number of people are selected from population, this makes it easy for researcher to gather
data in efficient manner (Sessler, Imrey, 2015). There are different data sampling methods such
as random, stratified and cluster. as the name suggests, random means selecting random people
from population. It is very commonly used method. For stratified researcher develops certain
strata based on age and gender. and then select equal sample size from it. Cluster is similar to
stratified but in this sample, size is selected randomly from each strata. Data collection also
depends on aims and objectives. The researcher will select 100 people in Lagos area by using the
simple random method. This will help him or her in collecting data and obtaining outcomes. It
will benefit in better analysis of influence of mobile technology.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 22

3.8 Data analysis
The data collected must be analysed in such a manner so that aims and objectives are
achieved. Data analysis means interpreting data into meaningful information. The researcher
must identify data analysis method so that interpreting can be done properly. In context for
present dissertation researcher will use thematic analysis to interpret data. This will enable
researcher in evaluating how mobile technology has influenced people of Lagos area by
collecting data and generating specific results. Also, it will assist in presenting using tables and
graphs. Moreover, this will make it easy for user to understand factors through which mobile
technology has impacted people.
3.9 Technical analysis
It refers to using the technical software and systems that has been used by researcher in
present study. There is various software used in collecting data or interpreting it. Researcher may
use system on basis on her or his experience or skills. In present dissertation, researcher will use
the MS- excel application to interpret and analyse data of 100 people. This will help in grouping
data in different categorises. Also, it will make it easy for researcher to interpret it.
3.10 Design and implementation
It refers to the deigning of various methods and strategies that will used by researcher. On
the contrary implementation means that how the overall plan will be implemented by researcher
(Carlsson and Walden 2015). The researcher will effectively implement methods in systematic
way. It will help in conducting research step by step so that goals and objectives are achieved.
3.11 Research limitation
It is related to barriers or issues that might occur while conducting research. These factors
may affect the research outcomes. There are certain factors that can occur. These are as follows:
-
 Time- it is the major and common issue that can occur. In this the researcher might
require some extra time to make research more effective. It will hamper the research
results.
 Cost – Increase in time will directly increase cost of research. Also, some extra resources
might be required to conduct research. It will lead to rise in expenses. This will impact
research outcomes.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 23

 Sample size – the selection of sample size might affect research outcomes. So, it is
important to select accurate sample size.
Questionnaire
Circle one that applies to you.
Q1a. Do you have a mobile phone?
 No – (if no) why?................................................................................................
 Yes. – (if yes) what type?
 Cell Phone
 Smartphone
Q1b.What do you use your mobile phone for?
 Communication & surfing the internet
 Gaming & Social Networks
 Banking and Services
 Hospital Purpose
 All of the Above.
Q2. How long have you had your mobile phone?
 < 1 year
 1-2 years
 2-3 years
 >3 years
Q3. Do you own a bank account?
 No
 Yes
Q4. Are you aware of mobile banking services?
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 24

 I do not know what m-banking is and never used it before
 I know what m-banking is, but never used it before
 I know what m-banking is and used it before
Q5. What type of mobile baking did you use?
 Traditional bank’s m-banking service
 Mobile operator’s’ m-banking service or telephone banking
Q6. What service(s) have you used your bank’s mobile banking service for?
 Deposit alert or Balance enquiry
 Check statement
 Withdraw cash
 Cash transfer
 Pay bills
Q7. How do you access the mobile banking service (it can also include web/online bank)?
 Using your phone to visit the bank’s web page
 Using a downloaded application
 Via SMS
 ISP Internet service provider
Q8. Do you think that Nigerian women population is using mobile technology?
 Yes
 No
 May be
Q9. Do you think prolonged use (use under long period) of mobile phone would cause health
problem e.g. Cancer?
 Yes
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 25

 No
 May Be
Q10. Are you satisfied with the overall performance your mobile phone provider?
 Yes
 No
Q11. Would you classify Internet as an important part of a mobile phone?
 Yes
 No
Interpretation 1a: Mobile phones
So about 100 respondents were asked that whether they are using mobile for their daily
working or not. In this context maximum of them which are 30 of them are using mobile phones
for their daily working which is surely impacting their access to education and employment as
well. As they are having smartphone and the regular cell phone as well. While 30 of respondents
are not using mobile technology for their daily working which tells about their economic
conditions under which they are living as they are not been able to afford any kind of mobile
phones. As 35% of the population are living below poverty line so it is normal that there are
people who are not using or having mobile phones. Then there are 20 respondents who are using
cell phones which is only having normal features and not that much advance like that of smart
phones. Rest 20 respondents are also using these smart phones who must be living above the line
of poverty and having more access to facilities like education and employment.
Interpretation 1b: Use of mobile phones
From the table it is clear that 10 of them included that they are using mobile phones for
communication purpose, 30 of them for gaming purpose, 20 of them for banking, 20 of them for
hospital and rest 20 of them for all of the above-mentioned purpose.
Interpretation 2: Time duration for usage of mobile phones
So, in this regard 100 respondents were asked that for how long they are using mobile
phones. About 10 respondents included that they are using this mobile phone this shows that for
them all these mobiles are new, and they also are not having any clear knowledge about usage
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 26

and importance of it. While there are 30 respondents who are been using this mobile technology
for only 1-2 years and not having much knowledge about its use and importance. About 40
respondents are using mobile phones for about 2-3 years and rest 20 of the participants indicated
that they are been using it for more than 3 years.
Interpretation 3: Bank account
In this respect about 60 of Nigerian respondents indicated that they are been having
accounts in their bank as they are having certain source of income. While 40 of them indicated
that they are not having any kind of bank account which shows that either they are not having
knowledge about bank account or not having any source of income.
Interpretation 4: Aware of mobile banking service
In this respect about 20 of them indicted that they were not having any knowledge about
m-banking and they have also never used it before. While 40 of them are knowing or having
enough knowledge about what m-banking is, but they are not using it or never used before. Then
the rest of respondents who are about 40 of them indicated that they are having knowledge about
what is m-banking and using it from long time.
Interpretation 5: Using mobile operator’s m-banking services
In this regard about 60 of them indicated that they are using traditional bank m-banking
services and not using the other as they probably rely more on banking institution for their
services. Rest about 40 respondents are also using mobile operator’s m-banking services which
are giving them plenty of other facility services as well.
Interpretation 6: Service used by bank’s mobile banking service
20 of the respondents are using mobile banking service like only for deposit alert by bank
application, 30 of them are using this for checking their statement and 10 of them for
withdrawing cash only. Rest 20 of participants are also using this m-banking for cash transfer
purpose and then 20 of them are using mobile banking services for paying off their various types
of bills.
Interpretation 7: Accessing mobile banking service
There were many participants who were accessing mobile banking service with use of
many types of different methods like through SMS or via agents. So, after they were asked
question regarding the access of mobile banking about 30 of them were using phone to visit web
page of bank. 20 of them are using all downloaded applications in respect to accessing mobile
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 27

banking services and 40 of them are using SMS while there are 10 of them who are also using
agent as their mobile banking services.
Interpretation 8: Nigerian women are using mobile technology.
There are many factors which are leading to gender inequality like that of rate of
discrimination and depriving them from the access of education and employment as well. So
only about 30 respondents included that Nigerian women are using mobile technology while 60
which is majority of them included that they are not using any sort of technology Rest 10 of them
were not having specified comment on whether women in Nigeria are using mobile technology
or they are not.
Interpretation 9: Prolonged use of mobile phone will be causing health problem like cancer
As it is very common that mobile phones continuous or long term using is major cause of
several health problems like that of cancer so its usage for longer duration should be avoided by
people. So, in this respect about 60 of the respondents included that yes longer use of mobile
phone will be causing major health problems like those of cancer. While 20 of them said that
they do not think that it is having any health problem as they are not having knowledge of
whether it is causing any problem or not. Then 20 of them were also not having any knowledge
regarding use of mobile phone causing health as they were unaware of the fact that prolonged
usage of mobile would be causing sever health issues and could also lead to cancer.
Interpretation 10: Satisfied with overall performance of mobile phone
It is also required that the users of mobile phones are happy or satisfied with their phones
so that they are not changing it more frequently which is costlier for them. So, in this context
about 60 respondents indicated that they are satisfied with performance of their mobile phones
which is not forcing them to constantly change it. While rest of them which is 40 said that they
are not happy and satisfied with the overall performance of mobile phone which they are
currently using. This shows that they need to change their mobile phone which will be including
purchase of new one.
Interpretation 11: Internet as an important part of mobile phone
About 70 of the respondents indicated that they think internet is very important section or
part of mobile phones, so it must be there. While there were some of about 30 who did not think
that internet is not an important part of mobile and without internet it is essential.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 28

CHAPTER 4: DATA FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
This particular section will be giving detailed discussion about what findings are been
made as per the questionnaire part or analysis as well. It is very good idea that all the presentable
findings are as per the critical analysis of literature survey part and this section would be then
having primary research of topic. There will be use of figures and tables to present the research
findings at the point where it is appropriate and recommended as well. Thus, it is having very
clear part under which all facts and information are needed to be included so that finding and
results are derived in proper terms. There are many methods and tools that are used within the
data analysis process but moreover into finding the impact and usage of mobile technology on
population of Nigeria thematic analysis is been used. This type of data analysis method is
adopted at time when researchers need to find out information in more in-depth bases to find out
results related to aims and objectives. To meet out all the aims and objectives of dissertation it is
required that good quality of methods is used so that detailed analysis could be done.
4.2 Data findings
Theme 1 a: Mobile phones
Particular Respondents
Yes 30
No 30
Cell Phones 20
Smartphones 20
Graph:
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 29

Figure 4: Mobile phones
Theme 1 b: Use of mobile phone
 Communication & surfing the internet
 Gaming & Social Networks
 Banking and Services
 Hospital Purpose
 All of the Above.
Particular Respondents
Communication 10
Gaming 30
Banking 20
Hospital purpose 20
All of above 20
Graph:
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 30

Figure 5: Use of mobile phone
Theme 2: Time duration for usage of mobile phones
Particular Respondents
<1 year 10
1-2 year 30
2-3 years 40
>3 years 20
Graph:
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 31

Figure 6: Time duration for usage of mobile phones
Theme 3: Bank account
Particular Respondents
Yes 60
No 40
Graph:
Figure 7: Bank account
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 32

Theme 4: Aware of mobile banking service
Particular Respondents
I do not know what m-banking is and never
used it before
20
I know what m-banking is, but never used it
before
40
I know what m-banking is and used it before 40
Graph:
Figure 8: Aware of mobile banking service
Theme 5: Using mobile operator’s m-banking services
Particular Respondents
Traditional bank m-banking 60
Mobile operator’s m-banking services 40
Graph:
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 33

Figure 9: Using mobile operator’s m-banking services
Theme 6: Service used by bank’s mobile banking service
Particular Respondents
Deposit alert 20
Check statement 30
Withdraw cash 10
Cash transfer 20
Pay bill 20
Graph:
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 34

Figure 10: Service used by bank’s mobile banking service
Theme 7: Accessing mobile banking service
Particular Respondents
Using phone to visit web page of bank 30
Using downloaded application 20
Via SMS 40
Agent 10
Graph:
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 35

Figure 11: Accessing mobile banking service
Theme 8: Nigerian women are using mobile technology.
Particular Respondents
Yes 30
No 60
May be 10
Graph:
Figure 12: Nigerian women are using mobile technology
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 36

Theme 9: Prolonged use of mobile phone will be causing health problem like cancer
Particular Respondents
Yes 60
No 20
May be 20
Graph:
Figure 13: Prolonged use of mobile phone will be causing health problem like cancer
Theme 10: Satisfied with overall performance of mobile phone
Particular Respondents
Yes 60
No 40
Graph:
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 37

Figure 14: Satisfied with overall performance of mobile phone
Theme 11: Internet as an important part of mobile phone
Particular Respondents
Yes 70
No 30
Graph:
Figure 15: Internet as an important part of mobile phone
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 38

CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL EVALUATION
5.1 Introduction
This section of dissertation is part in which critical evaluation of all table, figures with the
literature review part will be done. Critical evaluation of work that is undertaken which includes
many discussions of salient insights gained with the conduct of study, contribution, limitation of
theory and critical review of study. Thus, it is focusing on learning and development that are
fully explained and experienced by the implication of study considering aims and objectives as
well. This part is showing what is been concluded by the above literature review section and then
what is found out in questionnaire so that in both interpretations are made and graphically
presented as well. This survey was conducted in Lagos by distributing e-mails to 100
respondents during the period of 2 months from April to June.
5.2 Critical evaluation
From the above literature review chapter, it is included that Nigeria is always referred to
as having maximum tribal population in African continent. There is lack of necessities in country
which is depriving the people from access to education and employment as well. But in this
present time when everything is changing according to use and impact of mobile technology, so
this is also impacting and affecting youth population of Nigeria. They are indulging with the use
of mobile like searching for job, using internet, for education purpose and others as well. On
observing the literature review about introduction of mobile phones to youth of Nigeria it is
included that majority of them are using it for longer duration for time. It is not only necessary to
own a mobile phone it is also important from the viewpoint that they are knowing how to access
the internet as well.
All sort of innovations in mobile technologies are covering various aspects of people as
this is also impacting their way of living in variety of ways. Mobile technologies are involving
many types of measures like that of brining changes in way people are doing banking for longer
duration of time. Opening a bank account would be meaning that they are having a specified
source of income, so they are using various types of bank account to safeguard their income or
savings. There are many people who are having their accounts in various types of banks which
are helping them to access their savings or income as and when they want it.
Then they were asked about that whether they are having knowledge or are they aware of mobile
banking services generally giving by their banks or not. Only having knowledge about the
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 39

banking services are not enough they should also be using mobile banking services so that they
are updated with all latest innovations going on banking services.
Mobile technology is giving access to people to view their account details, check their
deliverables status, transfer of cash and pay variety type of bills. So, a mobile operator with
having bank account will be having many options of services to do using just their mobile with
access to internet as well. Apart from traditional banks there are also mobile money operators
like those of M-pesa, Paytm and others who are giving facilities to transfer cash and do shopping
as well. Majority population are still using the traditional banking facilities only as they are not
having that much knowledge regarding these modern mobile operators of m-banking services.
There are many types of different services which are given by banking institutions in respect to
their mobile banking applications which customers are using as well. With the use of m-banking
there are chances that population of Nigeria could go paper less which will be moving them
towards modernising and getting more advance as well. But government of country should be
making their efforts in making security and feasibility as chance to getting people more attracted
towards m-banking
Any of the mobile phone in this current time is normally regarded to as not of use if it is
not having internet within. All the mobile phones whether it is that old key pad one or new smart
phone will be having internet so that customers are using it. As internet is having many usages at
this current time like that of good source of gaining knowledge. So many people think that
internet is very much important part of mobile phones without which phones are regarded to as
useless.
5.3 Conclusion
From the above report and questionnaire, it is found that there are many chances and
opportunities of growth and development of Nigeria as economic capital of West Africa. There
are many huge investments regarding infrastructures that are made by government of country. In
this respect there are sets which are taken to eradicate poverty in nation with help of job and
business opportunities, education and other infrastructure helps. Nigeria is having huge women
population who are still deprived from access to education and other basic necessities, but then
also stronger section of women is having mobile phones.
There are many benefits of mobile phones that were explained in this above report some
of them are also from the point of view of educated population of Nigeria. There are chances that
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 40

in coming years Nigeria will be having educated youth who are themselves encouraging the use
and benefits of mobile phones to other population of country. If there are more investment been
done in Nigeria, then it is believed that Nigeria is achieving sustainable poverty eradication in
coming year.
Government and other international agencies are making their own efforts in terms of
increasing education and reducing poverty in country and rest work is done by increasing use of
mobile technologies.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 41

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION and RECOMMDENDATION
6.1 Conclusion
Impact of mobile technology on gender empowerment
From the above dissertation it has been concluded that mobile technology is impacting
the gender empowerment in West African region especially in Lagos, Nigeria. The number of
mobile phones users in country is increasing which is helping them to get themselves educate
with given opportunity for employment. Nigeria in past was always been referred to as tribal
country due to its tribal inhabitant living with lack of education and employment. So, for dealing
with these irregularities mobile technology is termed to as powerful tool that is creating
awareness and promoting higher education.
Awareness about sustainability poverty alleviation
Then from the report it is also that one of the major reasons behind this lack of basic
facilities is increasing impact of poverty in Lagos. This poverty wills be leading to major health
issue and mental illness as well. In this poverty eradication as well, mobile technology is playing
important role. As the mobile industry is growing in Lagos which is creating job opportunities in
city: with help of internet facilities people are getting indulge in employment.
Impact of mobile technology on mobile banking services
Another important impact mobile technology is having will be that in field of banking
service. As banking is one of the necessities of people which are making their money safe. There
are number of innovations in banking sectors which are making people getting in touch with
their personal information like their bank account balance, alerts and withdrawals.
6.2 Gap in research
The current dissertation which is dealing with mobile technologies and its impact on
banking service, poverty alleviation and in gender empowerment on population of Lagos,
Nigeria there were certain limitations which need to be considered in future research. The use of
respondents who were interviewed about what is the impact of mobile technology in their
country is very less so there must be more respondents who are answering the questionnaire.
More number of respondents will be giving more clear idea about the impact of mobile
technology and its usage in country like that of Nigeria. As the lesser number of respondents are
not being formulating or research aims and objective is not being achieved with help of the
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 42

participants. Other than these the use of source like that of primary was not that much effective
so rather there should be more intensive use of secondary and primary both data or sources.
These are some of the areas based on which this current research is falling short so in future time
these things must be considered for achieving aims and objectives of study.
6.3 Recommendation
Apart from the above conclusion there are also some recommendations which are made
so that next time when this type of research is taken place the results are more accurate and
clearer.
 The survey which is conducted within city of Lagos should be based on some particular
industry or area as the city is quite broader area to be able to find specified results.
 Number of respondents who are been included within this research which is 100 is lesser
in number. As for a study like this which is interpreting results of mobile technology in
Nigeria should be including more number of respondents.
 Other than these the area which is selected is also narrow like including impact of mobile
technology on gender empowerment, poverty alleviation and banking service. So, there
should be wider areas like those of impact of mobile technology on education and
employment of youth in Nigeria.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 43

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Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 47

APPENDIX
1. Research proposal
PROJECT TITLE
Mobile Technology Usage in Nigeria (West Africa): A Study on city of Lagos
INTRODUCTION
Brief overview
Mobile technologies have made advancement in different sectors worldwide like those of
health care, education, retail, hospitality and many more. Referring to various contexts such as
personal or social as there have been various involvements in the field of mobile technology that
it has somehow made life easy yet simple. Also, it has helped in making learning, analysing and
understanding much easier (Ifinedo, Kankaanranta and Hämäläinen, 2017). If the same is being
analysed in various sectors of Nigeria, there is still a potential to make involvements. It is
because although they have adopted many transformations but still there are various
opportunities that can be involved. In addition, it has been analysed that in some areas such as
financial and banking, there have been observed improvements after the involvement of mobile
technologies. The research is about analysing the usage and impact of different mobile
technologies on banking, poverty and gender empowerment in the overall population of Lagos
Nigeria.
Aim
To analyse the impact and usage of mobile technology in different areas and population
of Nigeria: A Study on city of Lagos
Objectives
 To understand the influence of mobile technologies on Gender Empowerment in city of
Lagos
 To investigate the awareness about Sustainability Poverty Alleviation in city of Lagos
 To analyse the ease of access and impact of mobile technology on mobile banking
services in city of Lagos
 To recommend ways of analysing and improving impact of mobile technology in various
areas of Nigeria in city of Lagos.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 48

Research Questions
1. Q1. What is the impact of mobile technology on gender empowerment?
2. Q2. What are different ways to investigate the awareness about sustainability poverty
alleviation?
3. Q3. How can ease of access and impact of mobile technology on mobile banking services
be analysed?
Nature of work and end products
To determine the impact of mobile technologies on Gender Empowerment
Mobile technologies have played a very important role in increasing gender equity. In
city of Lagos, there were some issues on the basis of employability, income and some
discriminations were caused (Utulu and Ngwenyama, 2017). The differences between income of
men and women even made this worse. So, after involvement of technologies, the rate and
opportunities for employment increased. Also, it helped in receiving better attainment of
education. So, this led women also to read and study.
In some cases, it has also observed that because of cultural competencies, women were
not allowed to access technologies. So, it has also affected growth of women in this field, which
further resulted in Gender Empowerment. A very basic and well-known example of this can be
considered when women are being tortured, abused and were not having any source by which
they can contact or make a complaint to anyone. But after the involvement of mobile technology,
now they are able to connect to anyone. So, they do not have to face torture by any person (Aker,
2011). Therefore, it can be considered as an example for importance of mobile technology in
removing issues and complications of gender empowerment.
To investigate the awareness about Sustainability Poverty Alleviation
Sustainability Poverty Alleviation refers to the fact that by using different means of
mobile technologies, there can be various ways involved to reduce poverty. Also, it is not only
about removing poverty but about making a sustainability over it so that it can be completely
eradicated from Nigeria (Efiong and Aranuwa, 2017). In different aspects of life, involvement of
mobile technologies has made improvements and modifications.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 49

As in case of education, these technologies help people to use various online sources,
which can actually use to guide and teach the people. The involvement of mobile technologies
also helped people becoming aware of initiating bank accounts. This can also act as a powerful
factor for eradicating poverty when people will make their bank account, they can be able to
make some savings and also, analyse their wealth properly. This will help them to maintain a
balance on how much they are earning and spending. This will further help them in maintaining
balance (Donner, 2008). Therefore, it can seem beneficial in eradication of poverty to a huge
extent. Mobile technologies also helped in improving the quality of care because in health care
systems of Nigeria, collection of data became easier. It is because with the help of these
technologies, tracking helped in analysing the results and requirements where there is actually
the need of treatments and medications. So, on the basis of collected data, it became easy to
provide people a required set of medication. Therefore, involvement of mobile technologies can
be considered helpful in reducing the overall rate of poverty, thus making lives better.
To analyse the ease of access and impact of mobile phones on mobile banking services
Mobile technology in mobile banking services helped many people in keeping their
money safe. It is because for every individual, it may be not possible to visit bank for every
single operation (Kenny, O'Connor and Heavin, 2017). There are various issues behind it such as
personal issues, transportation. So, in such cases, there are possibilities that the person may face
some complications because of this but due to involvement of mobile technology, banking
operations have become simpler. Whether it is about transferring funds, checking financial
status, one can perform the same by means of mobile banking services. It is easy, and person
does not have to visit the bank.
So, it can be considered that mobile technology has brought various advancements in lives
of the people. In addition, these features are helpful in saving a huge amount of time because one
can perform these operations while sitting in home. So, this has remained successful enough in
providing an ease of access such that extra amount of time can be saved and, there will be fewer
complications than before. In addition, this is also classified as a safe method where there are no
possibilities of amount to get lost or stolen by any third party in between. Therefore, involvement
of mobile technology has helped the population in Nigeria in terms of banking services and
operations.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 50

MOTIVATION
Because of lack of mobile technology in Nigeria, many people suffer from complications
and issues, so there is actually a need of involving ways so that mobile technology can bring
positive influences over the population of Nigeria. This can also help in changing lifestyle and
standards of people.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is considered as a way of gathering all data in a way that it can be used for the
betterment of the study. There are different factors specified with it and these are classified as
below:
Research approach
It is considered as a proper method to be included in research to make it more coherent
and logical (Utulu and Ngwenyama, 2017). In two ways, it can be classified and involves
inductive and deductive. Deductive approach deals with aiming theories whereas inductive
approach focuses on development of new theories from information. In this research, researcher
used deductive approach as it helped in analysing the influence of mobile technology in Nigeria.
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is classified as an appropriate way of making analysis and
understanding of information, which is to be gathered. It can be further classified as positivism,
ontology, interpretivism. In this research, researcher uses interpretivism because this involves
smaller samples that are easy to analyse.
Data collection
Data collection refers to the way of gathering relevant information for the study. This can
be done by two ways, either by primary approach or by secondary (Agwu and Carter, 2018). In
primary way, researcher collects information for the initial time whereas in secondary, all
information that already has been collected by some external persons is being used by researcher.
In this research, researcher uses primary sources such as focused groups and interviews so that
better analysis of mobile technology in Nigeria can be made.
Research limitations
Research limitations are classified as factors that may seem as a barrier at some point of
the research (Adeoye, Tom-Aba and Lamshoeft, 2017). A common example of this can be taken
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 51

in case of the researcher who wants to expand duration of research to make it efficient. At such
time, it is very important to ensure that if an overall time of research will be extended, there will
be required other resources in order to continue it such as cost. Therefore, if at that time, it will
not be available, then there might be a possibility that it may hamper the entire research. So, for
avoiding any such complexity, the researcher makes sure to complete research in given duration
only. In case, researcher fails to do so then it may result in causing complications within the
study.
Challenges presented by project
The only challenge that was observed during the research was collection of data because
it was quite difficult to gather the set of information about mobile technologies that are being
used by Nigerian population. So, it was quite challenging but after a few times, it became
manageable.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 52

Project timetable
Basis Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8
Issue identification
Understanding the
aim
Defining
objectives.
Literature review
Analysing aspects
of research
methodologies
Evaluating
information
Conclusion
2 Ethical form
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
2017-18
Your Details
Name of student: _________________________________________ __________________
Supervisor: _________________________________________________________________
Project title: Mobile Technology Usage in Nigeria (West Africa): A Study on city of Lagos
Main aim of project:
 To understand the influence of mobile technologies on Gender Empowerment in city of
Lagos
 To investigate the awareness about Sustainability Poverty Alleviation in city of Lagos
 To analyse the ease of access and impact of mobile technology on mobile banking services
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 53

in city of Lagos, Nigeria
 To recommend ways of analysing and improving impact of mobile technology in various
areas of Nigeria in city of Lagos
Contact with Others
Will your project bring you into direct or indirect (e.g. via internet surveys) contact with other
people?
 Yes <INPUT No
If you have clicked “No” sign the section below and submit this page only to your supervisor for
countersigning, otherwise complete the remainder of the form.
Your Signature
Signature: Date submitted:
Ethical Approval
(To be completed by your supervisor)
I have checked the above for accuracy and I am satisfied that the information provided is an
accurate reflection of the intended study.
There are no ethical issues causing me concern:
Signature: Date:
Name (Please print): _________________________
Research Participants
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 54

Estimated number of research participants: 100
Who will the research participants be? adults above age 18
On the basis of which criteria will they be selected? Based on their knowledge and use of
mobile
Where and how will you recruit them for your study? From Lagos, Nigeria
Where and how will data collection take place (location, by phone/internet, by post)?
Through e-mails/ phone.
Will any of the Research Participants be minors (under 18.)?
 No <INPUT Yes
If you have clicked “Yes” please note the following:
You must read the further guidance available on the School’s Ethics website
You will need to obtain a disclosure at your own cost:
https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/disclosure-and-barring-service
This Ethics form, to which a copy of the disclosure must be attached, will need to be
countersigned by a member of the School’s Ethics committee
Please click here to indicate that you have understood these requirements

Methods of Data Collection to be Employed
Paper-based questionnaire Yes
Internet survey No
Interviews No
Focus Groups No
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 55

Other (please specify):
Confidentiality
Requests for confidentiality can only be accepted on the understanding that the confidential
material will not be included in the written report or dissertation. They cannot be accepted on the
understanding that the report/dissertation itself will be confidential. British universities are public
bodies and all research carried out at undergraduate/taught masters level is by definition available
for public scrutiny.
Please click here to indicate that you understand the limits to confidentiality in relation to your
research <INPUT
Potential Participant Distress
Is there any possibility that any of the procedures in your study will cause discomfort, anxiety,
stress or embarrassment for your participants?
No <INPUT
If you have answered “Yes” please explain the details, and justify how you will seek to minimise
any form of upset to your participants. Please use a separate sheet of paper, to be attached.
Please indicate your response to the following questions and discuss your
response with your supervisor
Will you provide an oral explanation of the project to the subject?
Yes
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 56

Will you provide a written explanation of the project to the subject?
Yes
Will you ask the research participants to complete a consent form?
Yes
If you have clicked “Yes” to the above, please attach a copy (drafts are acceptable at this stage).
If you are seeking verbal consent, please provide a statement of how you will seek to gain this from
your participants:
Will you explain to the participants that you are a student?
undertaking degree or masters level studies? Yes
Will you explain to the research participants that they may not benefit from your study?
Yes
Will you offer the research participants the opportunity to decline to take part?
Yes
Will you offer the research participants the opportunity to withdraw at any stage?
Yes
Will you offer anonymity? Yes
Will you adhere to the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998?
Yes
Please briefly explain (on a separate sheet of paper, to be attached) how you will address the
following:
 Data may only be used for the specific purposes for which it was collected.
 Data must not be disclosed to other parties without the consent of the individual to whom it
relates, unless there is legislation or other overriding legitimate reason to share the
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 57

information (for example, the prevention or detection of crime). It is an offence for other
parties to obtain this data without authorisation.
 There must be no identifiable personal data relating to individuals anywhere in the
dissertation, either within the main body or the appendices.
 Individuals have a right of access to the information held about them, subject to certain
exceptions (for example, information held for the prevention or detection of crime).
 Personal information may not be kept for any longer than is necessary, and it must be kept
up to date.
 Subjects have the right to have factually incorrect information corrected (note: this does not
extend to matters of opinion).
In short, all data regarding or provided by research participants must be stored securely on
password protected and encrypted computers, memory sticks and so on, must not be divulged to
third parties without the research participants’ consent. Furthermore, data relating to any individual
must be made available to that individual on request and corrected where wrong, and it must be
destroyed when no longer required.
Your Own Safety
Are there any aspects of your project which might have implications for your own safety?
Yes<INPUT
If you have clicked “Yes”, please indicate how you propose to minimise any risk to yourself:
By taking prior consent of the participants
Check List
Please tick the supporting documents you are submitting along with this application
Participants Explanation form Yes
Consent form (draft acceptable) Yes
Questionnaire/survey text (draft acceptable) Yes
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 58

Disclosure No
Your Signature
Signature: ODM Date: 17th August 2018
Please also type name here:
Ethical Approval
(To be completed by supervisor)
I have checked the above for accuracy and I am satisfied that the information provided is an
accurate reflection of the intended study. I confirm that the form contains all the relevant
information and that all supporting documentation is attached.
There are no ethical issues causing me concern
The ethical issues raised by this project require further consideration
Signature: Date:
Please also type name here:
If you have clicked the second option, please forward to your departmental representative on the
School’s Ethics committee for further consideration.
1) This report is about the usage of mobile technology in Nigeria in area of Lagos and how
it has changed the lifestyle of people and society.
Mobile Technology Usability in Nigeria (West Africa). 59