Models in Organic Chemistry - PDF
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Added on 2021-05-31
Models in Organic Chemistry - PDF
Added on 2021-05-31
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UNIVERSITY AFFILIATIONDEPARTMENT OR FACULTYCOURSE IDCOURSE NAMETITLE:MODELS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYSTUDENT NAMESTUDENT REGISTRATION IDDATE OF SUBMISSION[Year]
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis report seeks to do a thorough research on the use of models in organic chemistry. Some of themodels implemented in organic chemistry are chairs conformations, Newman projections, and Fischerprojections. All these modes are well described in the introductory section of the paper. The paper goes furtherto discuss the uses of the models, their relevance in organic chemistry, and the drawbacks of using each model.The report seeks to understand the impact or influence the use of models in scientific units has on the learningoutcomes. Previous researchers have performed case studies that seek to analyze the impact of using the modelfor the undergraduate and graduate students. This paper concludes that the model learning is most suitable forthe undergraduate or beginners of the organic chemistry coursework. The beginners need to grasp the conceptsat an early stage of their coursework before they delve into other areas. It goes further to discuss the strugglesassociated with teaching using the models and the associated learning outcomes. One key research done inTurkey shows the impact of integrating writing skills and models in the curriculum to attain the highestperformance from learners. Page 1 of 21
TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................1INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3OVERVIEW OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY...........................................................................................3MODELS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.....................................................................................................3CHAIRS CONFORMATIONS...............................................................................................................4NEWMAN PROJECTIONS....................................................................................................................7FISCHER PROJECTIONS......................................................................................................................8SECTION II................................................................................................................................................9LEARNING OUTCOMES WHILE USING MODELS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY..........................9CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN USE OF MODELS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY....................9APPROACH TAKEN BY TEACHERS TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES...................................11DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................................13LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1 Illustration of Conformations of the Cyclohexane compound [Source: Dr.Siriwehane, 2008]...............................7Figure 2 Newman Staggered and Eclipsed conformation [source: Villaen,2010].................................................................9Figure 3 A sample question from CHM 257 Organic Chemistry Course............................................................................11Page 2 of 21
INTRODUCTIONOVERVIEW OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRYFrom the industrial age to the technology age, laboratory experiments have been used to collect, test,analyze and draw conclusions on matter. For chemists and the pharmaceuticals, the studies or experiments arecarried out to determine the connections between molecular structures. There are two main goals in practicalchemistry which are synthesis and analysis. Models tend to provide information that is obtained from molecularorbital calculations, which include structures, energy, and atomic charges. In organic chemistry, there is a greatfocus on the potential energy surfaces as well as the bonding between different atoms especially the carbon andhydrogen atoms. The process seeks to connect the reactants to products via a transition state. The models compute theenergy of a given molecular structure. Organic chemistry requires that the learners get a visual-spatialrepresentation of matter or compounds. These concepts, both visual and spatial, are often offered to studentsthrough the utilization of the technical chemical modeling sets (Bodner & Domin, 2000, p3). The use of awhite-board game with students to practice discerning between cyclohexane substituent directions andpositions, either pointing upward or downward or in an axial or equatorial orientation is a proper way of contentrepresentation using models (Gilbert, 1991, p75). The quick tempo of this activity makes it an engaging methodfor students to understand the topic.Page 3 of 21
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